upper gastrointestinal disease Flashcards
describe chronic gastritis
ongoing inflammation of the stomach mucosa
symptoms of chronic gastritis?
upper abdo pain, indigestion and bloating, nausea and vomiting, belching, loss of appetite, weight loss
causes of chronic gastritis?
helicobacter pylori infection, tobacco, alcohol, psychological stress, caffeine, autoimmune problems
what is H.pylori infection?
gram-negative bacterium found in the stomach. infection acquired through faecal-oral route
describe peptic ulcer disease?
commonly occurs in D1 or antrum, caused by h.pylori infection, duodenum ulcers, NSAIDs
symptoms of peptic ulcer disease?
pain (gnawing, burning aching), that is worse at night and after meals
complications of peptic ulcer disease?
bleeding leading to iron deficiency anaemia, massive hematemesis, perforation leading to peritonitis
describe barrettes oesophagus ?
normal lining of the oesophagus is replaced by columnar epithelium with goblet cells, it is a premalignant condition
most common type of oesophageal carcinoma?
squamous cell carcinoma (90%), adenocarcinoma (10%)
symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma?
dysphagia, weight loss, haemorrhage, sepsis, respiratory fistula with aspiration
symptoms of adenocarcinoma?
dysphagia, weight loss, hematemesis, chest pain, vomiting
symptoms of stomach adenocarcinoma?
gastritis, weight loss, anorexia, anaemia, haemorrhage
subtypes of small bowel neoplasia?
adenocarcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumour, lymphoma, carcinoid tumour
risk factors of small bowel neoplasia?
crohns disease, coeliac disease, radiation exposure, hereditary GI cancer syndromes
describe coeliac disease?
extensive mucosal disease related to sensitivity to gluten
