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MODULES > Upper Extremity > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE JOINTS

A

AC
SC
GH jt

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2
Q

FALSE JOINTS

A

Subacromial jt
Bicipital groove
Scapulothoracic jt

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3
Q

Orientation of clavicle

A

Lateral 1/3 - concave anteriorly

Medial 2/3 - convex anteriorly

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4
Q

FRAGMENTS OF CLAVICLE
Medial fragment?
Lateral fragment?

A

Pulled superiorly by SCM

Pulled inferiorly by gravity
Pulled medially by PECS MAJOR

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5
Q

Content of brachial plexus

A

Subclavian artery

Brachial plexus

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6
Q

Orientation of acromion

Mnemonics?

A

Acromion PLS
Posterior
Lateral
Superior

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7
Q

TYPES OF ACROMION PROCESS
MC?
Rare?
Assoc c impingement?

A

I - Flat
II - Curved
III - Hooked
IV - Upturned

Curved
Upturned
Hooked

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8
Q

Orientation of coracoid process

A

Anterior, superior

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9
Q

Ligament that prevents the superior translation of humerus

A

Coracoacromial ligament

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10
Q 
GREATEST TUBEROSITY OF HUMERUS
Location?
Palpation?
Mm attachment?
Best viewed in?
A

Lateral
IR
SIT
ER

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11
Q

LESSER TUBEROSITY OF HUMERUS
Location?
Palpation?
Mm attachment?

A

Medial
ER
Subscap

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12
Q

What sign when there is posterior deltoid weakness

-Hyperextend both UE, results in asymmetrical in both UE

A

SWALLOW TAIL SIGN

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13
Q

SC JOINT
Type?
Articulation?
DOF/axes?

A

Saddle/sellar/double plane joint
Medial end of clavicle + manubrium
3 DOF / 3 axes

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14
Q

Ligament that limits excessive depression of distal clavicle

A

Interclavicular (IC) ligament

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15
Q

Ligament that limits excessive elevation of distal clavicle

A

Costoclavicular (CC) ligament

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16
Q

SC LIGAMENT
Limits protraction?
Limits retraction?

A

Posterior SC

Anterior SC

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17
Q

SC DISC

Code??

A

EDi Sa PRC

During elevation, depression, disc becomes part of sternum

During protraction, retraction, disc becomes part of clavicle

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18
Q

Concave-Convex Rule
Elevation depression?
Protraction retraction?

A

Opposite

Same

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19
Q

What are the contributions of the SC joint during elevation:

<90 degrees of arm elevation?
More than 90 degrees of arm elevation?

A

Elevation

Depression

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20
Q

If there is no posterior rotation of the clavicle, arm elevation is up to how many degrees?

A

110

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21
Q

AC JOINT
Type?
Articulation?
DOF/axes?

A

Synovial plane joint
Acromion + lateral end of clavicle
3 DOF

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22
Q

Primary ligament for inferior translation?

A

SUPERIOR AC LIGAMENT

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23
Q

Primary ligament for superior translation?

A

CORACOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENT - CONOID

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24
Q

2 types of CORACOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENT

A

Conoid

Trapezoid

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25
Q 
CC - CONOID
Shape?
Anterior/Posterior?
Medial/Lateral?
Orientation of fibers?
A

Triangular
Posterior
Medial
Vertical fibers

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26
Q 
CC - TRAPEZOID
Shape?
Anterior/Posterior?
Medial/Lateral?
Orientation of fibers?
A

Quadrangular
Anterior
Lateral
Horizontal fibers

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27
Q

What ligament that prevents medial displacement of scapula?

A

CC - TRAPEZOID LIGAMENT

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28
Q

What ligament that protects the subclavian artery & brachial plexus?

A

IC LIGAMENT

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29
Q

KINEMATICS OF AC
For horizontal curvature?
For vertical curvature?

A

ER & IR (protracts, retract)

Anterior & posterior tilting (shrug)

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30
Q

What are the contributions of the AC joint during arm elevation?

A

Upward elevation & posterior tilting

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31
Q

Type of joint in GH joint?

A

Ball & socket
Spheroidal jt
Universal jt

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32
Q

ORIENTATION OF ARTICULATION IN GH JOINT
Mnemonics?

Humeral head?
Glenoid fossa?

A

MPS SAL

MPS
SAL

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33
Q

NORMAL ANGLES FOR THE HUMERAL HEAD
Angle of inclination?
Angle of torsion?

A

130-150 degrees

Approx 30 degrees of retrotorsion

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34
Q

What ligament that prevents downward translation of humerus?

A

CORACOHUMERAL LIGAMENT

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35
Q

What ligament that is greatly involved in AdCap?

A

CORACOHUMERAL LIGAMENT

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36
Q

What ligament that is greatly involved in DM & PD?

A

CORACOHUMERAL LIGAMENT

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37
Q

What ligament that is accompany of supraspinatus that prevents inferior trans of humerus?

A

CORACOHUMERAL LIGAMENT

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38
Q

ACTIONS & DEGREESTHAT GH LIGAMENT LIMIT

Superior?
Middle?
Inferior?

A

0-45 degrees - ER, inf
45-90 degrees - ER, primary
More than 90 degrees - ER, IR, inf

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39
Q

FORAMEN IN GH JOINT
Bet. sup & middle lig?
Bet. middle & inf lig?

A

FORAMEN OF WEITBRECHT

FORAMEN OF ROUVIER

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40
Q

INFERIOR GH LIGAMENT PARTS & THEIR LIMITS ACTION

A

Anterior band - ER
Posterior band - IR
Axillary pouch - inf translation

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41
Q

Bicipital groove aka?

A

Intertubercular groove

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42
Q

BOUNDARIES OF BICIPITAL GROOVE
Mnemonics??
Roof?

A

Pec-Lat
Me-Ter
Lady between the 2 majors

Pectoralis major - lateral
Teres major - medial
Lats Dorsi - floor
THL - roof

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43
Q

Actions of Teres major & Lats dorsi

A

EXADIR

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44
Q

Subacromial joint aka?

A

Suprahumeral jt

Supraspinatus outlet

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45
Q

ACROHUMERAL INTERVAL
Arms at side?
Elevated?

A

10mm

5mm

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46
Q

Recite the SCAPULOHUMERAL RHYTHM table

A

…

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47
Q

Action line of Deltoids

A

Large positive translatory

Small rotatory force

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48
Q

Action line of ITS

A

Negative translatory force

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49
Q

Action line of Supraspinatus

A

Small positive translator force of the supraspinatus is immediately counteracted by the negative translator force of gravity

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50
Q

Recite/write the BRACHIAL PLEXUS

Mnemonics?

A 
RoTunDaCuBao
Roots
Trunk
Division
Cord
Branches (MARMU)
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51
Q

How many branches in BP?

A

16 branches

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52
Q

Largest branch in BP?

A

RADIAL NERVE

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53
Q

NERVE ROOTS IN BRANCHES OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS
Mnemonics?

Musculocutaneous?
Axillary?
Radial nerve?
Median nerve?
Ulnar nerve?
A 
3 Muskeeters - C5 C6 C7
2 Assasination - C5 C6
5 Rats - C5-T1
5 Mice - C5-T1
2 Unicorns - C8 T1
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54
Q

WALLS OF AXILLA
Mnemonics??

Anterior?
Posterior?
Lateral?
Medial?

A

ANTERIOR (SUBPECPEC)
Subclavius
Pecs major
Pecs minor

POSTERIOR (SULATEMA)
Subscapularis
Lats Dorsi
Teres Major

LATERAL (BIBICO)
Biceps tendon in bicipital groove - LH of Biceps
Coracobrachialis

MEDIAL
SA
Ribs 2-6

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55
Q

Where does Brachial Plexus comes from?

A

Anterior rami C5-T1

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56
Q

BOUNDARIES OF TRIANGULAR SPACE IN SHOULDER

A

Superior - teres minor
Inferior - teres major
Lateral - LH of triceps

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57
Q

BOUNDARIES OF QUADRANGULAR SPACE IN SHOULDER

A

Superior - teres minor
Inferior - teres major
Lateral - humerus
Medial - LH of triceps

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58
Q

STRUCTURES THAT PASSES THROUGH THE SPACES OF:
Quadrangular?
Triangular?

A

Posterior circumflex humeral artery
Axillary nerve

Circumflex scapular artery

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59
Q

LTN aka?

A

Nerve of Bell

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60
Q

Axillary nerve aka?

A

Circumflex nerve

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61
Q

Radial nerve aka?

A

Musculospiral nerve

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62
Q

Thoracodorsal nerve aka?

A

Middle subscapular nerve

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63
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve aka?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve

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64
Q 
HUMERORADIAL JT
Type of jt?
Articulation?
Ligaments?
Kinematics?
CC rule?
A 
Modified hinge joint (ginglymus jt)
Capitulum & radial fovea
LCL - Lateral radial (primary), lateral ulnar
1 degree
Same
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65
Q 
HUMEROULNAR JT
Type of jt?
Articulation?
Ligaments?
Kinematics?
CC rule?
A 
Modified hinge joint (ginglymus jt)
Trochlea & trochlear notch
MCL - Anterir (primary), transverse, posterior
1 degree
Same
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66
Q

CUBITAL FOSSA

Mnemonics??

A 
Be Right There Always My PT (Lat to Medial)
Brachioradialis
Radial nerve
Tendon of biceps
brachial Artery
Median nerve
Pronator Teres
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67
Q

Why is there a CARRYING ANGLE?

A

Bc of the medial portion of trochlea which extends more distally forcing the ulna to deviate laterally

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68
Q

Importance of ulna?

Importance of radius?

A

Elbow

Wrist

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69
Q 
NORMAL VALUES CARRYING ANGLE
Male?
Female?
Cubitus varus?
Cubitus valgus?
Gunstock deformity?
A 
5-10 
10-15
<5
More than 15
-15
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70
Q

CARRYING ANGLE
Present during?
Absent during?

A

Elbow EXT
FA supination

Elbow flexion beyond 30 degrees
FA pronation

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71
Q 
SPURT MUSCLE
Aka?
Origin?
Insertion?
Effect?
Muscle fiber orientation?
Ex?
A 
Mobility muscle
Far from the jt
Near the jt
Rotatory effect
Perpendicular

Biceps
Brachialis

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72
Q 
SHUNT MUSCLE
Aka?
Origin?
Insertion?
Effect?
Muscle fiber orientation?
Ex?
A 
Stability muscle
Near the jt
Far from the jt
Translatory/compress effect
Parallel

Brachioradialis

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73
Q 
PRIMARY ELBOW FLEXORS
Chief elbow flexor?
Strongest elbow flexor?
Unaffected FA position?
Affected by sh & FA position?
Affected by FA position?
A

…

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74
Q

What mm that is:
Unaffected by FA position
Affected by shoulder position

A

TRICEPS BRACHII

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75
Q

TRICEPS BRACHII
Prone to insufficiency?
Strongest head?
Active during resisted/unresisted motion?

A

Long head
Lateral head
Medial/Short head

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76
Q

What glide happens in prox radius during:
Pronation?
Supination?

A

Posterior glide

Anterior glide

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77
Q

PRU joint
Type of jt?
Articulation?
CC rule?

A

Pivot/trochoid jt
Radial head & radial notch
Opposite

78
Q

DRU joint
Type of jt?
Articulation?
CC rule?

A

Pivot/trochoid jt
Ulnar head & ulnar notch
Same

79
Q

What ligament that is taut in supination?

A

Oblique cord

80
Q

What ligament that primary limit spin of radius?

A

Quadrate ligament

81
Q

Strongest pronator

A

Pronator Teres

82
Q

Chief pronator

A

Pronator Quadratus

83
Q

CARPALS

Mnemonics?

A

Some Lovers Try Position

That They Cannot Handle

84
Q 
OTHER NAMES
Scaphoid?
Trapezium?
Trapezoid?
Capitate?
Hamate?
A 
Navicular
Greater Multangular
Lesser Multangular
Os Magnum
Unciform
85
Q

Most mobile carpal

A

Scaphoid

86
Q 
ANATOMICAL SNUFFBOX
Lateral?
Medial?
Floor?
Content?
A

(LaTWOral) APL, EPB
EPoL
Scaphoid
Radial artery

87
Q

AVASCULAR NECROSIS
Scaphoid?
Lunate?
Distal lunate?

A

(ScapPreiss) Preisser’s
Kienbock’s
Burn’s Disease

88
Q

Smallest carpal bone?
2nd smallest carpal bone?
Largest carpal?

A

Pisiform
Trapezoid
Capitate

89
Q

ORDER OF OSSIFICATION IN CARPALS

Mnemonics?

A 
Come Home Tonight, Let's Try New Position
Capitate
Hamate
Triquetrum
Lunate
Trapezium, Trapezoid
Navicular
Pisiform
90
Q

Type of joint in RADIOCARPAL JOINT?

A

Condyloid/Ellipsoidal jt

91
Q

Type of joint in 1st CMC jt?

A

Saddle/sellar jt

92
Q

KINEMATICS (CC) IN 1ST CMC JT:
Flexion/Extension
Abd/Add

A

(Farehas) SAME

(Apposite) OPPOSITE

93
Q

KINEMATIC - WRIST EXTENSION

Full flexed - extend –?

Neutral position - max contact of? - extend beyond neutral –?

45 degrees extension – ?? – extend beyond 45 degrees – ??

A

Distal carpals

Scaphoid + capitate — distal carpals + scaphoid

Scaphoid + lunate — both proximal & distal carpals

94
Q

KINEMATICS DURING RADIAL DEVIATION

A

Ulnar glide
Flexion of prox carpals
Extension of distal carpals (EXT OF MCP)

95
Q

Type of joint in MCP jt?

A

Condyloid/Ellipsoidal jt

96
Q

FLEXOR ZONES

A 
I --- Insertion of FDP
II --- Insertion of FDS
III --- Neck of metacarpals (Lumbricals)
IV --- Wrist; carpal tunnel
V --- proximal to the wrist (FA)
97
Q

Muscles active in Finger Extension

A

EDC (primary mm for finger extension)

Lumbricals & interossei – assist EDC

98
Q

EDC alone action:

A

MCP Hyperextension

99
Q

CARPAL TUNNEL
Contents?
Roof?
Floor?

A

4 FDS
4 FDP
1 FPL
1 median nerve

Transverse carpal lig/Flexor retinaculum
Scaphoid

100
Q

EXTENSOR TUNNEL

A 
I --- APL, EPB
II --- ECRL, ECRB
III --- EPL
IV --- EI, EDC
V --- EDM
VI --- ECU
101
Q

CLAVICULAR FRACTURES (%)
Lateral?
Middle?
Medial?

A

15%
80%
5%

102
Q

(+) step deformity

A

AC JOINT SPRAIN

103
Q

Gold standard special test for AC JOINT SPRAIN

A

Horizontal adduction test

104
Q

Horizontal adduction test aka?

A

Crossbody test
AC Crossover test
Apley scarf test

105
Q

PAINFUL ARC
GH?
AC?

A

60-120

170-180

106
Q

Recite the ROCKWOOD CLASSIFICATION

A

…

107
Q

Sprengel’s deformity aka?

A

Eulenberg’s Deformity

108
Q

Snapping scapula aka?

A

Scapulothoracic crepitus

109
Q

Types of sound in Snapping scapula

A

Gentle friction sound
Louder grating sound
Loud snapping sound

110
Q

SNAPPING SCAPULA
Loud grating sounds conditions
(Mnemonics?)

A

BAFA

Bursitis
Atrophy
Fibrotic muscle
Anomalous muscular insertion

111
Q

SNAPPING SCAPULA
Loud snapping sounds conditions
(Mnemonics??)

A

TOM

Tumor
Osteophyte formation
Malunion of rib fracture

112
Q

SCAPULA WINGING

Mnemonics??

A

SMB SLut

Serratus Anterior
Medial Winging
Book paralysis

Sliding door paralysis
Lateral winging
Trapezius

113
Q

Cause of medial winging

A

Radial mastectomy

Racksack palsy

114
Q

Cause of lateral winging

A

Radical neck dissection

115
Q

SICK SCAPULA

Mnemonics?

A

SICK

Scapular malposition (forward tilt & protraction)
Inferomedial border prominence
Coracoid pain
dysKinesia (abN mvt of scapula)

116
Q

SHOULDER DISLOCATION

Mnemonics?

A

SAPA PALP

Superior - AC
Anterior - SC & GH (anteroinferior)
Posterior - Elbow (posterolateral)
Anterior - Lunate

Posterior - Hip
Anterior - knee
Lateral - patella
Posterior - ankle

117
Q

MOI of anterior shoulder disloc

A

ABER

118
Q

MOI of posterior shoulder disloc

A

FADIR + FOOSH

119
Q

Assoc injuries in anterior shoulder disloc

A

Axillary nerve traction
Bankart lesion
Hill Sach’s Lesion

120
Q

BANKART LESION

A

BANKAI

Anteroinferior

121
Q

HILL SACH LESION

A

Posterolateral

122
Q

BENNET’S LESION

A

Posteroinferior

123
Q

Assoc injuries in posterior shoulder disloc

A

Lesser tuberosity fx
Bennet’s lesion
Reverse Bankart
Reverse Hill Sach

124
Q

TYPES OF SLAP LESION (Snyder Classification)

A

…

125
Q

MC type of SLAP LESION

A

TYPE 2

Labral fraying + Detached biceps tendon

126
Q

Maffet Subclassification of SLAP Lesion

A

(additional)
V = II + bankart lesion
VI = II + unstable flap
VII = II + middle GH lig injury

127
Q

MC surgical procedure in SLAP lesion

A

Bankart Surgery

128
Q

Subscap tendon transfer from lesser to greater tuberosity

A

Magnuson Stack

129
Q

Subscap tendon transfer from lesser to glenoid rim

A

Putti-Platt

130
Q

Failure of acromion to ossify

A

Os acromiale

131
Q

Supraspinatus Tendinitis aka?

A

Swimmer’s shoulder

132
Q

ROTATOR CUFF SPECIAL TEST

Mnemonics??

A 
HENDY
Hawkin's impingement 
Empty can (supra)
Neer's impingment
Drop arm (rotator)
Yocum's
133
Q

Recite the table of NEER’S STAGES OF SUPRASPINATUS TENDINITIS

A

…

134
Q

What part of the tendon is MC torn in BICIPITAL TENDINITIS?

A

Proximal

135
Q

(+) popeye sign

A

BICIPITAL TENDINITIS

136
Q

SPECIAL TEST IN BICIPITAL TENDINITIS

Mnemonics?

A

SLY
Speed’s test
Ludington’s test
Yergason’s test

137
Q

CALCIFIC TENDINITIS

Deposits of??

A

Hydroxyapatite

138
Q

CALCIFIC TENDINITIS

Calcifications are usually located:

A 
Supraspinatus = 80%
Infraspinatus = 15%
Subscapularis = 5%
139
Q

Adhesive Capsulitis aka?

A

Frozen shoulder

Diabetic Periarthritis

140
Q

Causes of Adhesive Capsulitis

mnemonics?

A

DIRATI

Diabetes
Immobilization
Recent strain
Arthritis
Trauma
Idiopathic - MC
141
Q

FROZEN SHOULDER STAGES

A

I: Pre-freezing, pre-adhesive
II: Freezing stage
III: Frozen stage
IV: Thawing stage

142
Q

TOS

Extra rib which arises from C7 vertebra

A

Cervical rib syndrome

143
Q

SPECIAL TEST IN TOS

Mnemonics?

A 
CHARAW
Costoclavicular test
Halstead
Adson's
Roo's
Allen's
Wright's test
144
Q

CRPS aka?

mnemonics??

A

CRAPS (3 P, 4 S)

Causalgia
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
Algoneuropathy
Post traumatic vasospasm
Post traumatic osteoporosis
Post infectious sclerodactylia
Stein Brocker's syndrome
Shoulder hand syndrome
Sudeck's atrophy
Sympathalgia
145
Q

Type 1 CRPS?

Type 2 CRPS?

A

RSD

Causalgia

146
Q

SIGNS OF CRPS

Mnemonics?

A 
STAMP
Sensory
Trophic skin changes
Autonomic
Motor
Pain
147
Q

DEAD ARM SYNDROME

Mnemonics?

A

PLAR

Pyschological d/o (depression)
Labral tear
Anterior shoulder disloc
Rotator cuff tear

148
Q

Mobile wad of 3

A

ECRB
ECRL
Brachioradialis

149
Q

MCL injury; excessive valgus at elbow

A

LITTLE LEAGUE’S ELBOW

150
Q

OLECRANON BURSITIS
Acute?
Chronic?

A

Student’s elbow

Miner’s / Draftman’s elbow

151
Q

Posterior elbow impingement; hyperextension injury & valgus force at the elbow

A

Boxer’s elbow

152
Q

FEMALE ATHLETE TRIAD

Mnemonics?

A

AAO

Amenorrhea
Anorexia
Osteoporosis

153
Q

MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS (sites)
UE?
LE?

A

Brachialis > Biceps

Quadriceps

154
Q 
MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS (triad)
Mnemonics?
A

PaPa FLEX
Pain
Palpable mass
Flexion contracture

155
Q

Volkmann’s Ischemic Contracture aka?

A

Anterior FA Compartment Syndrome

156
Q

Volkmann’s Ischemic Contracture PRESENTATION?

A

Wrist FLEX
MCP EXT
IP FLEX

157
Q

Volkmann’s Ischemic Contracture (mmHg)
Necrosis?
Surgery?

A

30mmHg

40mmHg

158
Q

AVN of capitulum

A

Panner’s disease

159
Q

Fx in base of 1st MCP

A

Bennet’s fx

160
Q

Boxer’s Fx

A

Neck of 5th MCP

161
Q

Monteggia & Gallezi Fx

Mnemonics??

A

MUGR
Monteggia - ulna
Galleazi - radius

162
Q

Trigger Finger aka?

A

Snapping finger
Stenosing Tenovaginitis
Digital Tenovaganitis Stenosans

163
Q

Thickening of flexor tendon sheath is call what in trigger finger

A

Notta’s nodule

164
Q

Trigger finger is MC in??

A

3rd-4th finger

165
Q

De Quervain’s Disease aka?

A

Washerwoman’s thumb
Hoffman’s disease
Stenosing tenosynovitis

166
Q

Dupuytren’s contracture MC in?

A

4th and 5th digit

167
Q

Rupture of FDP

A

Jersey finger

168
Q

Rupture of EDC

A

Mallet/Baseball finger

169
Q

Gamekeeper’s thumb aka?

A

Skier’s thumb

170
Q

Sprain at ulnar collateral ligament of thumb

A

Gamekeeper’s thumb

171
Q

ZIGZAG DEFORMITY (RA) - thumb
IP?
MCP?
CMC?

A

Flexion
Extension
Flexion

172
Q

Mannerfelt syndrome aka?

A

Boutonniere of the thumb

173
Q

Rupture of FPL; IP is extended

A

Mannerfelt syndrome

174
Q

Dorsal displacement of lateral band

A

Swan neck

175
Q

Volar displacement of lateralAPL + EPB

ECRL + ECRB band

A

Boutonniere

176
Q

Ruptured central band (EDC)

A

Boutonniere

177
Q

Grade 3 UCL sprain

A

Stener’s lesion

178
Q

Muscles involved in INTERSECTION SYNDROME

A

APL + EPB

ECRL + ECRB

179
Q

Absence of an upper limb

A

Amelia

180
Q

Absence of phalanges

A

Aphalangia

181
Q

Absence of wrist & hand

A

Acheira

182
Q

Absence of metacarpal

A

Adactylia

183
Q

Partial absence of a limb

A

Meromelia

184
Q

Absence of half of a limb

A

Hemimelia

185
Q

“Seal limb”

Flipper like limb

A

Phocomelia

186
Q

Numerous fingers

A

Polydactyly

187
Q

Enlarged finger

A

Macrodactyly

188
Q

Webbed finger (2nd & 4th)

A

Syndactyly

189
Q

Curved little finger

A

Clinodactyly

190
Q

Bent little finger

A

Camptodactyly

191
Q

Absent 2nd-4th metacarpals/fingers

A

Lobster claw hand

192
Q

Ulnar prominence. Radius & wrist are volarly displaced

A

Madelung’s deformity

MODULES (12 decks)

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