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MODULES > Pulmo > Flashcards

Pulmo Flashcards

1
Q

3 cartilages of nose

SALN

A

Septal
Alar
Lateral

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2
Q

Unpaired cartilages of Larynx

U Try Epic Crying

A

Thyroid
Epiglottis
Cricoid

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3
Q

Paired cartilages of Larynx

Pare Aren’t Corns Cute

A

Arythenoid
Corniculate
Cuneiform

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4
Q

Intrapleural pressure

A

(-) 4 mmHg

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5
Q

MC site for intubation

A

Trachea

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6
Q

MC site for emergency intubation

A

Larynx

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7
Q

Level of Bifurcation of trachea

A

CARINA

T4-T5 / 4th rib

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8
Q

MC site of aspiration of large objects

A

R Main bronchi

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9
Q

MC site of aspiration of small objects

A

Lobar bronchi

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10
Q

FORCED INSPIRATION MUSCLES

A 
SCM
Upper Traps
Pecs maj/min
Ant/Midd/Post Scalene
Serratus Ant/ Serratus Post Superior
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11
Q

FORCED EXPIRATION MUSCLES

A

Abdominals
Serratus Post Inferior
Internal Intercostals

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12
Q

Caliper Motion

A

Ribs 8-12

Increase ICS

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13
Q

Pump Handle Motion

A

Sternum & ribs 1-6

Increase AP diameter

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14
Q

Bucket Handle Motion

A

Ribs 7-10

Increase lateral diameter

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15
Q

Location of DRG & Nucleus

A

Dorsal medulla

Nucleus tractus solitarius

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16
Q

Location of VRG & Nucleus

A

Ventral-lateral medulla

Nucleus ambiguus & retro-ambiguus

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17
Q

Function of DRG & VRG

Mnemonics?

A

(DIN VEX)

DRG - inspiration

VRG - expiration

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18
Q

Inspiratory Ramp Signal

Inhale
Exhale

A 
Inhale =  2 sec ON
Exhale = 3 sec OFF
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19
Q

Location of Pneumotaxic & Apneustic

PULA

A

Upper pons

Lower pons

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20
Q

Function of Pneumotaxic

A

Limits inspiration by “switching off” the IRS

Control the rate and depth of breathing

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21
Q

Function of Apneustic

A

Prevents the “switching off”

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22
Q

CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTORS
Location?
Stimuli?

A

Ventral medulla

Increase hydrogen ions

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23
Q

PERIPHERAL CHEMORECEPTORS
Location?
Stimuli?

A

Carotid & aortic bodies

Increase PACO2
Decrease PA02
Acidosis

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24
Q

S/SX OF RAL

A

(DENTS)

Dizziness
Early tetany
Numbness
Tingling
Syncope
25
Q

S/SX OF RAC

A 
Early (HARDy):
Headache
Anxiety
Restlessness
Dyspnea

Late (DiSC)
Disorientation
Somnolence
Coma

26
Q

S/SX OF MAL

A

(WE Men Increase Ms)

Weakness
Early tetany
Mental dullness
Increase DTRs
Muscle twitching
27
Q

S/SX OF MAC

A

(NaLoCo)

Nausea
Lethargy
Coma

28
Q

CAUSES OF RAC

A

(CARPA)

COPD
Asthma
Respi failure
Pneumonia
Atelectasis
29
Q

CAUSES OF RAL

A

Hyperventilation
Hypoxemia
Ventilator pain

30
Q

CAUSES OF MAC

A

DM - ketoacidosis
Diarrhea
Renal failure

31
Q

CAUSES OF MAL

A

(VANDE)

Vomiting
Antacids
Nasogastric suction
Diuretics
Excessive bicarbonate ingestion
32
Q

BOHR & HALDANE EFFECT

BOCO & HALO2

A

BOHR: increase attachment of co2; promote o2 transport

HALDANE: increase attachment of 02; promote co2 transport

33
Q

NORMAL LUNG VOLUMES
(ITER)

IRV
Tidal volume
ERV
Residual volume

A

3000
500
1000
1500

34
Q

N dead space air value

A

150mL

35
Q

Sputum of EMPHYSEMA

A

Scanty, mucoid (Evap)

36
Q

Sputum of CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

A

Copious, purulent (condense)

37
Q

BRONCHIECTASIS

Describe the obstruction and dilatation

A

Obstruction is distal to exudation

Dilation is proximal to obstruction

38
Q

AFFECTED IN TYPES OF BRONCHIECTASIS

Saccular (cystic)
Cylindrical (fusifrom)

A

From large, proximal bronchi down to 4th generations

From 6th to 10th generations

39
Q

Other name of CYSTIC FIBROSIS

A

Mucoviscidosis

40
Q

Triad of cystic fibrosis

Mnemonics?

A

BES

Bronchial mucus glands
Exocrine cells of pancreas
Sweat glands

41
Q

CF
MOI?
Defect in what chromosome?

A

AR

Chromosome of long arm 7

42
Q

Other name of Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis

A

Hamman-Rich Disease

43
Q

Pneumonia that is common in children

A

Mycoplasma Pneumonia

44
Q

MC in bacterial pneumonia

A

S. pneumonia / pneumococcal pneumoniae

45
Q

Viral agents in VIRAL PNEUMONIA

Mnemonics?

A

MICAH

Measles
Influenza
Cytomegalovirus
Adenovirus
Herpes zoster (varicella)
46
Q

PCP

MC in pts with:

A

Transplantation (organ)
Neonates
HIV

47
Q

TB in children

A

Primary complex

48
Q

Incubation period in TB?

Maximally infectious during?

A

2-10 weeks

First 2 weeks

49
Q

Treatment duration in TB?

Average tx?

A

3-6 mos / 3-12 mos

6 months

50
Q

Hallmark of TB

A

Hemoptysis

51
Q

Drugs for TB

Mnemonics?

A

RIPES

Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Streptomyocin
52
Q

P-TUBE INSERTION

Pneumothorax
Pleuritis/Effusion

A

2nd-3rd ICS

8th-9th / 7th-8th ICS

53
Q

MC cause of Pulmonary Embolism

A

DVT

54
Q

Other causes of Pulmonary Embolism

C
O
V
A

A

Clotting disorders
Oral contraceptives
Venous stasis
Air (trauma)

55
Q

Normal sputum production

A

100 mL/day

56
Q

How many cups of sputum to be considered productive cough?

A

More than 3-4 cups

57
Q

COLORS OF SPUTUM

Red
Rusty brown
Purple
Yellow
Green
Pink
Flecked
A 
Blood
Pneumonia
Neoplasm / Lung cancer
Infected
Pus
Pulmonary edema
Carbon particles
58
Q

ENDOTRACHEAL SUNCTIONING

Duration?
What generation?

*in coughing, what generation?

A

10-15 sec

3rd generation (lobar bronchi)

7th generation

MODULES (12 decks)

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