Pulmo

Question 1

3 cartilages of nose

SALN

Answer 1

Septal
Alar
Lateral

Question 2

Unpaired cartilages of Larynx

U Try Epic Crying

Answer 2

Thyroid
Epiglottis
Cricoid

Question 3

Paired cartilages of Larynx

Pare Aren’t Corns Cute

Answer 3

Arythenoid
Corniculate
Cuneiform

Question 4

Intrapleural pressure

Answer 4

(-) 4 mmHg

Question 5

MC site for intubation

Answer 5

Trachea

Question 6

MC site for emergency intubation

Answer 6

Larynx

Question 7

Level of Bifurcation of trachea

Answer 7

CARINA

T4-T5 / 4th rib

Question 8

MC site of aspiration of large objects

Answer 8

R Main bronchi

Question 9

MC site of aspiration of small objects

Answer 9

Lobar bronchi

Question 10

FORCED INSPIRATION MUSCLES

Answer 10

SCM
Upper Traps
Pecs maj/min
Ant/Midd/Post Scalene
Serratus Ant/ Serratus Post Superior

Question 11

FORCED EXPIRATION MUSCLES

Answer 11

Abdominals
Serratus Post Inferior
Internal Intercostals

Question 12

Caliper Motion

Answer 12

Ribs 8-12

Increase ICS

Question 13

Pump Handle Motion

Answer 13

Sternum & ribs 1-6

Increase AP diameter

Question 14

Bucket Handle Motion

Answer 14

Ribs 7-10

Increase lateral diameter

Question 15

Location of DRG & Nucleus

Answer 15

Dorsal medulla

Nucleus tractus solitarius

Question 16

Location of VRG & Nucleus

Answer 16

Ventral-lateral medulla

Nucleus ambiguus & retro-ambiguus

Question 17

Function of DRG & VRG

Mnemonics?

Answer 17

(DIN VEX)

DRG - inspiration

VRG - expiration

Question 18

Inspiratory Ramp Signal

Inhale
Exhale

Answer 18

Inhale =  2 sec ON
Exhale = 3 sec OFF

Question 19

Location of Pneumotaxic & Apneustic

PULA

Answer 19

Upper pons

Lower pons

Question 20

Function of Pneumotaxic

Answer 20

Limits inspiration by “switching off” the IRS

Control the rate and depth of breathing

Question 21

Function of Apneustic

Answer 21

Prevents the “switching off”

Question 22

CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTORS
Location?
Stimuli?

Answer 22

Ventral medulla

Increase hydrogen ions

Question 23

PERIPHERAL CHEMORECEPTORS
Location?
Stimuli?

Answer 23

Carotid & aortic bodies

Increase PACO2
Decrease PA02
Acidosis

Question 24

S/SX OF RAL

Answer 24

(DENTS)

Dizziness
Early tetany
Numbness
Tingling
Syncope

Question 25

S/SX OF RAC

Answer 25

``` Early (HARDy): Headache Anxiety Restlessness Dyspnea ``` Late (DiSC) Disorientation Somnolence Coma

Question 26

S/SX OF MAL

Answer 26

(WE Men Increase Ms) ``` Weakness Early tetany Mental dullness Increase DTRs Muscle twitching ```

Question 27

S/SX OF MAC

Answer 27

(NaLoCo) Nausea Lethargy Coma

Question 28

CAUSES OF RAC

Answer 28

(CARPA) ``` COPD Asthma Respi failure Pneumonia Atelectasis ```

Question 29

CAUSES OF RAL

Answer 29

Hyperventilation Hypoxemia Ventilator pain

Question 30

CAUSES OF MAC

Answer 30

DM - ketoacidosis Diarrhea Renal failure

Question 31

CAUSES OF MAL

Answer 31

(VANDE) ``` Vomiting Antacids Nasogastric suction Diuretics Excessive bicarbonate ingestion ```

Question 32

BOHR & HALDANE EFFECT | BOCO & HALO2

Answer 32

BOHR: increase attachment of co2; promote o2 transport HALDANE: increase attachment of 02; promote co2 transport

Question 33

NORMAL LUNG VOLUMES (ITER) IRV Tidal volume ERV Residual volume

Answer 33

3000 500 1000 1500

Question 34

N dead space air value

Answer 34

150mL

Question 35

Sputum of EMPHYSEMA

Answer 35

Scanty, mucoid (Evap)

Question 36

Sputum of CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

Answer 36

Copious, purulent (condense)

Question 37

BRONCHIECTASIS | Describe the obstruction and dilatation

Answer 37

Obstruction is distal to exudation | Dilation is proximal to obstruction

Question 38

AFFECTED IN TYPES OF BRONCHIECTASIS Saccular (cystic) Cylindrical (fusifrom)

Answer 38

From large, proximal bronchi down to 4th generations From 6th to 10th generations

Question 39

Other name of CYSTIC FIBROSIS

Answer 39

Mucoviscidosis

Question 40

Triad of cystic fibrosis | Mnemonics?

Answer 40

BES Bronchial mucus glands Exocrine cells of pancreas Sweat glands

Question 41

CF MOI? Defect in what chromosome?

Answer 41

AR Chromosome of long arm 7

Question 42

Other name of Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis

Answer 42

Hamman-Rich Disease

Question 43

Pneumonia that is common in children

Answer 43

Mycoplasma Pneumonia

Question 44

MC in bacterial pneumonia

Answer 44

S. pneumonia / pneumococcal pneumoniae

Question 45

Viral agents in VIRAL PNEUMONIA | Mnemonics?

Answer 45

MICAH ``` Measles Influenza Cytomegalovirus Adenovirus Herpes zoster (varicella) ```

Question 46

PCP MC in pts with:

Answer 46

Transplantation (organ) Neonates HIV

Question 47

TB in children

Answer 47

Primary complex

Question 48

Incubation period in TB? | Maximally infectious during?

Answer 48

2-10 weeks First 2 weeks

Question 49

Treatment duration in TB? | Average tx?

Answer 49

3-6 mos / 3-12 mos 6 months

Question 50

Hallmark of TB

Answer 50

Hemoptysis

Question 51

Drugs for TB | Mnemonics?

Answer 51

RIPES ``` Rifampicin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol Streptomyocin ```

Question 52

P-TUBE INSERTION Pneumothorax Pleuritis/Effusion

Answer 52

2nd-3rd ICS 8th-9th / 7th-8th ICS

Question 53

MC cause of Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 53

DVT

Question 54

Other causes of Pulmonary Embolism C O V A

Answer 54

Clotting disorders Oral contraceptives Venous stasis Air (trauma)

Question 55

Normal sputum production

Answer 55

100 mL/day

Question 56

How many cups of sputum to be considered productive cough?

Answer 56

More than 3-4 cups

Question 57

COLORS OF SPUTUM ``` Red Rusty brown Purple Yellow Green Pink Flecked ```

Answer 57

``` Blood Pneumonia Neoplasm / Lung cancer Infected Pus Pulmonary edema Carbon particles ```

Question 58

ENDOTRACHEAL SUNCTIONING Duration? What generation? *in coughing, what generation?

Answer 58

10-15 sec 3rd generation (lobar bronchi) 7th generation