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MODULES > Physio > Flashcards

Physio Flashcards

1
Q

What percent of cell environment is made of H2O?
ICF?
ECF?

A

60%
40%
20%

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2
Q

PERCENTAGE
Plasma?
Interstitial?

A

5%

15%

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3
Q

ELECTROLYTES

Intracellular?
Extracellular?

A 
Potassium
Magnesium
Phosphate
Sulfate
Proteins
Organic Aniom

Sodium
Chloride
Bicarbonate
Calcium

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4
Q

Most abundant ECF cation?

A

Sodium

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5
Q

Most abundant ECF anion?

A

Chloride

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6
Q

Most abundant ICF cation?

A

Potassium

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7
Q

Most abundant ICF anion?

A

Organic Anion

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8
Q

RMP (mV)

Skeletal mm?
Cardiac?
Nerve?
Smooth mm?

A
  • 90
  • 85
  • 70
  • 40 to -60
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9
Q

CELL MEMBRANE
Aka?
Characteristics? (BAS)

A

Plasma membrane

Bilayer of lipids
Ampiphatic in nature
Semipermeable

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10
Q

Proteins in Cell Membrance?

mnemonics?

A

RICEMAP

Receptrors
Ion channels
Carriers
Enzymes
Markers
Adhesions
Pumps
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11
Q

Produces Lysosomes?

Produces Perixosomes?

A

Golgi apparatus

Smooth ER

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12
Q

Protein synthesis?

Lipid/Fat Synthesis?

A

Ribosomes

Smooth ER

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13
Q

Who has hydrolytic enzymes?

Who has oxidative enzymes?

A

Lysosomes

Peroxisomes

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14
Q

Capable of splitting a organic compound into 2 or more parts

A

Hydrolase (hydrolytic enzymes)

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15
Q

If GLYCOGEN is hydrolyzed?
If LIPIDS are hydrolyzed?
If PROTEINS are hydrolyzed?

A

Glucose

Fatty acids & glycerol

Amino acid

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16
Q

Capable of self replication?

A

Peroxisomes

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17
Q

Capable of combining of O2 c hydrogen ion to from hydrogen peroxide

A

Oxidase (oxidative enzymes)

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18
Q

Detoxifies free radicals?

Responsible for detoxification?

A

Peroxisomes

Smooth ER

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19
Q

What happens in PROPHASE?

??mnemonics??

A

DPP

Nucleus and nuclear envelope disappears
Centrioles moves to opposite poles
Chromosomes are paired

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20
Q

Downhill movement?

Uphill movement?

A

Diffusion/Passive transport

Active Transport

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21
Q

Spontaneous mvt of molecules from higher to lower areas of concentration (O2 & CO2)

A

Simple Diffusion

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22
Q

It uses carrier proteins (glucose & amino acids)

A

Facilitated Diffusion - Carrier Mediated

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23
Q

Uses chemicals (Ach - Ach & Ach binding receptors)

A

Facilitated Diffusion - Channel Mediated - Ligand Gated

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24
Q

Uses electrical current (action potential)

Ex: K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca++

A

Facilitated Diffusion - Channel Mediated - Voltage Gated

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25
Q

Factors that increases the rate of diffusion?

A

Higher temperature
Small molecular size
Higher partition coefficient (concentration difference)

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26
Q

OSMOSIS
Higher to lower?
Lower to higher?
Ex?

A

Water
Solutes
Renal, GIT

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27
Q

The mvt of sodium from OUTSIDE to INSIDE?

The mvt of sodium from INSIDE to OUTSIDE?

A

Facilitated Diffusion

Primary Active Transport

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28
Q

The mvt of sodium across the cell membrane is mainly by what cell transport?

A

Primary active transport

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29
Q

SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Na co-transport c?
Na counter transport c?

A

Glucose and amino acids

Ca & H ions

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30
Q

(nerve)

Cell Body aka?

A

Soma

Perikaryon

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31
Q

Site of AP initiation for both motor & sensory?

In sensory AP, if there is no initial segment, what’s the other answers?

A

Initial segment

1st node of ranvier / axon hillock

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32
Q

NERVE CONDUCTION VELOCITIES (m/s)

A alpha
A beta
A gamma
A delta
B
C
A 
120
70
40
15
14
2
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33
Q

(((Sing the song in Nerve physio)))

A

…

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34
Q

Who has the touch and pressure in nerve fibers?

But mainly in?

A

A beta
A alpha type 1B
A delta

A beta (also has pacinian corpuscles)

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35
Q

Fast channels?

Slow channels?

A

Na channels

K channels

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36
Q

RMP
They return the Na and K ions to their og location — How many Na and K?
(???mnemonics???)

A

TriNaOut, 2Kin

3 Na out
2 K in

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37
Q

What type of mm that has NO TROPONIN?

A

Smooth mm

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38
Q

COVERINGS
Epimysium?
Perimysium?
Endomysium?

A

Skeletal mm
Mm fascicle/bundle
Mm fiber

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39
Q

Functional unit of a muscle fiber

A

Sarcomere

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40
Q 
WHAT HAPPENS DURING MUSCLE CONTRACTION
Actin
H-zone
I-band
A-band (length of myosin)
A

Approximate
(Himala) Disappears
(Ikli) Narrows
(Ala) Nothing

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41
Q

Cell membrane of mm fiber

A

Sarcolemma

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42
Q

Cytoplasm of mm fiber

A

Sarcoplasm

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43
Q

Where can you see the Sarcotubular System?

A

Between A and I band

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44
Q

What composes the Sarcotubular System?

A

T-TRIAD

2 Sarcoplasmic reticulum
1 T-tubule (transverse tubule)

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45
Q

What made up of Actin?

A

2 F-actin (filamentous)

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46
Q

What made of F actin?

A

2 G-actin (globular)

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47
Q

TROPONIN
Troponin I?
Troponin C?
Troponin T?

A

Covers the binding sites
Calcium
Forms a complex called troponin-tropomyosin complex

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48
Q

ACH RECEPTORS
Skeletal mm?
Smooth mm?

A

Nicotinic

Muscarinic

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49
Q

At what length can a muscle generates the highest tension?

A

Resting length / Optimal position

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50
Q

RBC
Male?
Female?

A
  1. 2-6.5 millions/mm3

4. 5-5.5 millions/mm3

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51
Q

HGB
Male?
Female?

A

14-18 g/dL (16)

12-16 g/dL (14)

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52
Q

HEMATOCRIT
Male?
Female?

A

42-52%

37-47%

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53
Q

ESR
Male?
Female?

A

<15mm/hr

<25 mm/hr

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54
Q

Normal value of WBC

A

5,000-10,000/mm3

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55
Q

Normal value PLATELET

A

150,000-400,000/mm3

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56
Q

Bleeding time

A

1-6mins

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57
Q

Clotting time

A

6-10 mins

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58
Q 
BLOOD VALUES TAHT ARE C/I TO EXERCISE?
WBC?
Hematocrit?
Hemoglobin?
Platelet?

Light exercise in platelet?

A

<5,000/mm3
<27%
<8g/dL
<20,000/mm3

20,000-50,000/mm3

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59
Q

BLOOD
Total % of body weight?
Thicker than h2o?

Average blood volume?
Female?
Male?
Average?

A

8%
5x thicker

4-6L
4-5L
5-6L
5L

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60
Q

FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD

???mnemonics???

A

BLOOD CPH

Balances acid and base
Levels temperature
Osmosis 
O2 transport
Delivers nutrients
Clotting formation
Protection
Hormonal transport
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61
Q

PERCENTAGE of:

Formed Elements?
Plasma?

FORMED ELEMENTS

  • RBC?
  • WBC?
  • Platelets?

PLASMA

  • Water?
  • Plasma proteins?
  • Other substances?
A

45%
55%

FORMED ELEMENTS

  • 95%
  • 4%
  • 1%

PLASMA

  • 91%
  • 7%
  • 2%
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62
Q

PLASMA PROTEINS

Mnemonics?

A

AGF

Albumin
Globulin
Fibrinogen

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63
Q

PERCENTAGE OF PLASMA PROTEINS
Albumin?
Globulin?
Fibrinogen?

A

58%
38%
4%

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64
Q

Most abundant plasma protein?

*Most abundant protein in the body?

A

Albumin

Collagen

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65
Q

Least abundant plasma protein?

A

Fibrinogen

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66
Q

Plasma protein that is responsible for immunity?

A

Globulin

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67
Q 
OTHER SUBSTANCES (Plasma component in blood)
Mnemonics?
A

WING

Waste products
Ions
Nutrients
Gases

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68
Q 
RBC
Aka?
Function?
Lifespan?
Graveyard?
A

Erythrocytes
O2 transport
120 days
Spleen

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69
Q

IRON

Protein escort in bloodstream c iron?
Protein escort inside the cell c iron?

A

Transferin

Ferritin

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70
Q

All formed elements are derived from a single population of cells called??

A

PHSC (Pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell)
aka
Hemocytoblast

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71
Q

RBC FORMATION
Mnemonics?
Stages?

A

PoBRE

Proerythroblast aka Pronormoblast
Basophil Erythroblast
Reticulocyte
Erythrocyte

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72
Q

1st generation of cell that it starts to acquire Hgb?

A

Basophil Erythroblast

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73
Q

Immature RBC / Young RBC

Ejection of nucleus

A

Reticulocyte

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74
Q

Stimulus that can do Erythropoiesis?

A

Erythropoietin

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75
Q

ERYTHROPOIESIS
Kidney?
Liver?

A

90%

10%

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76
Q

FACTORS THAT INCREASE RBC FORMATION

Mnemonics?

A

BATCH

Bone marrow disease
Altitude is high
Tissue hypoxia
Circulatory disease
Hemorrhage
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77
Q

IMPORTANT VITAMINS FOR RBC FORMATION?

A

Vit B12
Folic acid
Iron

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78
Q

OTHER NAMES:

Vit B12
Folic Acid

A

Cyanocobalamin

Pteroylglutamic acid

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79
Q

Which vitamins that is important for DNA SYNTHESIS?

Which vitamins that is important for HEMOGLOBIN SYNTHESIS?

A

Vit B12, Folic Acid

Iron

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80
Q

Primary Polycythemia aka?

A

Polycythemia Vera

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81
Q

Complete depletion of iron

A

Plummer Vinson Syndrome

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82
Q

Plummer Vinson Syndrome

TRIAD? Mnemonics??

A

DIE

Dysphagia
Iron deficiency anemia
(+) esophageal web

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83
Q

2 types of MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA

A

Pernicious Anemia

Folic Acid Anemia

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84
Q

Increase destruction of RBC

A

Hemolytic Anemia

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85
Q

Hemoglobin S

A

Sickle cell anemia

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86
Q

(+) pain crisis

A

Sickle cell anemia

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87
Q

Red cells are very small & spherical and cannot withstand compression forces

A

Hereditary Spherocytes

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88
Q

Erythroblastosis Fetalis aka?

A

HDN

Hereditary Disease of Newborn

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89
Q

Cerebral Palsy assoc c Erythroblastosis Fetalis

A

Athetoid CP

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90
Q

3 Types of Hemolytic Anemia

A

Sickle cell anemia
Hereditary Spherocytes
Erythroblastosis Fetalis

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91
Q

WBC LIFESPANS

Granulocytes
Blood?
Tissues?

Agranulocytes
Blood?
Tissues?

A

4-8 hrs
4-5 days

10-20 days
Approx 3 months

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92
Q

Types of Granulocytes WBC

Mnemonics?

A

BEN-G

Basophil
Eosinophils
Neutrophils

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93
Q

Most abundant WBC?
2nd most abundant WBC?
Least abundant WBC?

A

Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Basophils

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94
Q

Smallest WBC

A

Lymphocytes

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95
Q

Largest WBC

A

Monocytes

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96
Q

WBC responsible for:

Bacterial infection?
Parasitic infection?
Viral infection?

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Lymphocytes

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97
Q

Primary cells in Innate Immunity

A 
Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Mast cells
Macrophage
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98
Q

Releases antibodies

A

B cells

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99
Q

Releases cytokines

A

T cells

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100
Q

Site of maturation of T cell

A

Thymus

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101
Q

Primary action is phagocytosis and inflammatory response

A

Innate immunity

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102
Q

Primary action is protection against EXTRACELLULAR ANTIGENS

A

Adaptive immunity - Humoral mediated

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103
Q

Primary action is protection against INTRACELLULAR ANTIGENS

A

Adaptive immunity - Cellular mediated

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104
Q

1st line of defense?

Mnemonics for types of 1st line of defense?

A

Tissue macrophages

KALBS
Kuppffer cells (liver)
Alveolar macrophages (lungs)
Lymphoid macrophages (lymph nodes)
(Brain) Microglia
(Skin) Histiocytes
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105
Q

2nd line of defense?

A

Neutrophils

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106
Q

Neutrophils stick to the capillary walls

A

Margination

107
Q

The mvt of neutrophils from blood into the tissue spaces

A

Diapedesis

108
Q

B cells produces antibodies aka?

A

Immunoglobulin

109
Q

MC immunoglobulin?

A

Ig-G

110
Q

The only antibody that crosses placenta and responsible for Rh reaction

A

Ig-G

111
Q

Fluid antigens (body secretions)

A

Ig-A

112
Q

Food antigens

A

Ig-M

113
Q

First antibody produced following exposure to an infectious agent

A

Ig-M

114
Q

Allergy

A

Ig-E

115
Q

B cell receptor / antigen binding receptor

A

Ig-D

116
Q

Mnemonics for the type of antibodies?

A

GAMED

117
Q

Mnemonics for the types of ALLERGIC REACTION

A

ACID

Anaphylactic AR
Cytotoxic AR
Immune response AR
Delayed hypersensitive AR

118
Q

Most abundant T-cell

A

Helper T-cell

119
Q

Absent in AIDS

A

Helper T-cell

120
Q

Absent in GBS

A

Suppressor T-cell

121
Q

Platelet lifespan

A

10-20 days

122
Q

Act as a mediator (bridge) between collagen & platelet

A

Von Willebrand Factor

123
Q

During blood clotting process / blood coagulation

What compose the COMMON PATHWAY and it makes the?

A

Prothromboplastin + ca++ + labile + stuart
to
Prothrombin Activating Factor

124
Q

Activates fibrinogen to fribrin

A

Thrombin

125
Q

CLOTTING FACTORS
How many?
What is absent?
Mnemonics?

A

13
No clotting factor 6

FATHER PLS TELL CUPID LOVE SHOULD ALWAYS BE SWEET CARING DEVOTED FOREVER
Fibrinogen
Prothrombin
Thrombin
Calcium
Labile
Stable 
A
B
Stuart
C
D
Fibrin stabilizing factor
126
Q

Christmas Factor

A

CF B

127
Q

Hageman Factor

A

CF D

128
Q

MOI of Hemophilia

A

X-linked recessive

Affected males

129
Q

MC type of Hemophilia

A

Hemophilia A

“Classic Hemophilia”

130
Q

Rare type and usually mild Hemophilia

A

Hemophilia C

131
Q

ENERGY SOURCE:

ATP-CP / PES?
Glycogen-Lactic / Anaerobic?
Aerobic?

A

Phosphocreatine
Carbohydrates
Carbs, protein, fats

132
Q

OF ATP PER MINUTE

ATP-CP / PES?
Glycogen-Lactic / Anaerobic?
Aerobic?

A

4 molecule/min
2.5 molecule/min
1 molecule/min

133
Q

DURATION (Guyton & Kisner)

ATP-CP / PES?
Glycogen-Lactic / Anaerobic?
Aerobic?

A

G: 8-10 sec
K: <30 sec

G: 1.3-1.6 min
K: 30-90 sec

Long periods

134
Q

TYPES OF CONTRACTION

ATP-CP / PES?
Glycogen-Lactic / Anaerobic?
Aerobic?

A

Short maximum burst

Short moderate

Sustained repetitive

135
Q

ACTIVITIES (Mnemonics?)

ATP-CP / PES?
Glycogen-Lactic / Anaerobic?
Aerobic?

A 
Will Jump & Dive For 100 Million
Weightlifting
Jumping
Diving
Football dash
100 meter dash

41 T Shirts
400 m dash
100m swim
Tennis Soccer

Jose Marie Chan 10,000 meter skating
Jogging
Marathon running
Cross county skiing
10,000 meter skating
136
Q

ACTIVITIES FOR ATP-CP SYSTEM & ANAEROBIC SYSTEM

Mnemonics?

A

2 Ball and a Hockey

200m dash
Basketball
Baseball
Hockey

137
Q

Type I skeletal mm fiber

A

Postural/Endurance muscle

138
Q

Type II skeletal mm fiber

A

Mobility/Phasic/Classic muscle

139
Q

POWER
Formula?
Related to?
Example?

A

F x D / time
Strength & speed
Plyometrics

140
Q

Key elements of Muscle Performance?

Mnemonics?

A

SEP

Strength
Endurance
Power

141
Q

BENEFITS OF EXERCISE in General

Mnemonics?

A

IFLOS
(Increase IFLOS)

Insulin sensitivity
Fat metabolism
Lactic acid removal
O2 consumption
Storage of nutrients
142
Q

Absolute mm strength/ maximum contractile force of a muscle

A

3-4kg/cm2

143
Q

BMI (Recite the chant):
Unit?

Underweight
Normal
Overweight
Obese I
Obese II
Obese III
A

kg/m2

<18.5
18.5-24.9
25-29.9
30-34.9
35-39
More than 40
144
Q

CALIPER TEST Landmarks

Mnemonics?

A

TIMTABA

Thigh
Interscapular
Medial calf
Triceps
Abdominals
Biceps
Above ASIS
145
Q

Sing the A WHOLE NEW METS

A

…

146
Q

SALIVA COMPOSITION

A

99.5% water

.5% solutes

147
Q

Salivary Amylase aka?

A

Ptyalin

148
Q

Largest salivary gland

A

Parotid gland

149
Q

Protein digesting enzyme?

Responsible for converting the Protein digesting enzyme?

A

Trypsinogen-trypsin

Enterokinase = brush border villi

150
Q

Pancreatic Duct aka?

A

Duct of Wirsung

151
Q

Smaller Pancreatic Duct aka?

A

Accessory duct

Duct of Santorini

152
Q

CBD + LPD =

A

Hepatopancreatic ampulla
“Ampulla of vater”

(+) sphincter of oddi

153
Q

Heaviest gland

A

Liver

154
Q

Functional unit of Liver?
What’s the name of cells?
What does it produce?

A

Lobules
Hepatocytes
Bile

155
Q

What compose the bile?

A

Water, cholesterol, bile salts, bile pigments

156
Q

CHD + Cystic duct =

A

CBD

157
Q

Deglutition center?

Mainly?

A

Lower pons & MO

MO

158
Q

What happens if Deglutition/Swallowing Center is activated?

A

Soft palate + uvula moves superiorly (to close the nasopharynx)

Larynx moves upward & forward
Epiglottis moves backward & downward
(to widen the opening of esophagus)

159
Q

LES aka?

A

Cardioesophageal sphincter

160
Q

Parts of the stomach:

A

Cardia (opening)
Fundus (broad portion)
Body (middle)
Pylorus (terminal)

161
Q

2 tubular glands in the stomach

A

Gastric & Pyloric gland

162
Q

Cells that are in Gastric gland

A

Mucus neck cells
Chief cells
Parietal cells

163
Q

Cells that is found in gastric gland that has protein digesting enzyme (pepsinogen-pepsin)

A

Chief cells

164
Q

Consist of parietal cells

A

Intrinsic factor

Hydrochloric acid

165
Q

Responsible for converting the pepsinogen to pepsin

A

Hydrochloric acid

166
Q

What cell that is found in pyloric gland?

A

G-cell

167
Q

What hormone is released by g-cell?

A

Gastrin

168
Q

Responsible for the growth & development of gastric gland

A

Gastrin

169
Q

Inhibits the gastrin

A

Somatostatin

170
Q

Longest alimentary canal

A

Small intestine

171
Q

Major digestive organ

A

Small intestine

172
Q

Major events of absorption

A

Small intestine

173
Q

What reflex for tightening of pyloric sphincter

A

Enterogastric reflex

174
Q

Hormones secrete by Small intestine

A

Cholecystokinin

Secretin

175
Q

Hormone that is responsible for stimulation the contraction of gallbladder

A

Cholecystokinin

176
Q

Hormone that is responsible for stimulation of liver & pancreas

A

Secretin

177
Q

How long is the journey of CHYME in the looping coils of small intestine?

Well balanced diet?
Fats?

A

3-6 hrs

3hrs
6hrs

178
Q

Largest alimentary canal

A

Large intestine

179
Q

Responsible for the color of the stool

A

Stercobilin

180
Q

How long can the stool stay in the large intestine?

A

72 hrs

181
Q

Bolus + gastric juice =

A

Chyme

182
Q

What reflex is in the Large intestine?

A

Defecation reflex

183
Q

N amount of saliva

A

1,000-1,500 mL

184
Q

N amount of pancreatic juice

A

1,200-1,500 mL

185
Q

N amount of bile

A

800-1,000 mL

186
Q

N amount of food storage in stomach

A

4L

187
Q

N amount of gastric juice

A

2,000-3,000 mL

188
Q

N amount of chyme

A

2-3 teaspoons

189
Q

N amount of methane gas

A

500mL

190
Q

ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

For movement of GIT? Other name of plexus?

For secretions & blood flow of GIT? Aka?

A

Myenteric / Auerbach Plexus

Meissners / Submucosa Plexus

191
Q

Ex of Disaccharide?

Mnemonics?

A

SML

Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose

192
Q

Composition of Sucrose (table sugar)

A

Glucose + fructose

193
Q

Composition of Maltose (beer sugar)

A

Glucose + glucose

194
Q

Composition of Lactose (milk sugar)

A

Glucose + galactose

195
Q

Ex of Polysaccharide

A

Starch

Glycogen

196
Q

Smallest fragment of protein

A

Peptide

197
Q

Organs in RUQ

A

Liver
Gallbladder
R Kidney
Pancreas (head, neck)

198
Q

Organs in LUQ

A

Stomach
Spleen
L kidney
Pancreas (body, tail)

199
Q

Organs in RLQ

A

R ovary
Cecum
Appendix

200
Q

Organs in LLQ

A

L ovary

Sigmoid

201
Q

1st organ to rupture in abdominal trauma

A

Spleen

202
Q

Recite the 9 regions in abdomen

A

…

203
Q

STOMACH
Location of pain?
Referred pain?

A

Epigastric

R shoulder / lat border of R scapula

204
Q

SMALL INTESTINE
Location of pain?
Referred pain?

A

Umbilical region

Low back

205
Q

LARGE INTESTINE
Location of pain?
Referred pain?

A

Suprapubic

Sacrum

206
Q

LIVER/GALLBLADDER
Location of pain?
Referred pain?

A

RUQ/R Hypochondrium

R Shoulder / R shoulder blades

207
Q

SPLEEN
Location of pain?
Referred pain?

A

LUQ/L Hypochondrium

L shoulder

208
Q

PANCREAS
Location of pain?
Referred pain?

A

LUQ/L Hypochondrium

L shoulder
pain will be felt on body and tail

209
Q

Controls the BP & activates the RAAS

A

RENIN

210
Q

What are the hormones that are produce by the Kidney?

A

Calcitriol

Erythropoietin

211
Q

Calcitriol aka?

A

1, 25 dihydroxylcalciferol

212
Q

Hormone in kidney that is responsible for active for VIT D (reabsiorption of calcium)

A

Calcitriol

213
Q

Converts the angiotensinogen to angiotensin

A

Renin

214
Q

Recite the RAAS

A

…

215
Q

What happens if there is increase angiotensin II

A

Potent vasoconstrictor

Stimulates the a.cortex to release aldosterone

216
Q

What happens if there is increase aldosterone

A

Increase water reabsorptiom

217
Q

KIDNEY
Shape?
Level?
Location?

A

Bean shape
T12-L3
Retroperitoneal

218
Q

Functional unit of kidney

A

Nephron

219
Q

Responsible for urine formation

A

Nephron

220
Q

MAIN STRUCTURES OF NEPHRON

A

Renal corpuscles

Renal Tubule

221
Q

Glomerulus + bowman’s capsule

A

Renal corpuscles

222
Q

PCT, LOH, DCT, CT

A

Renal tubules

223
Q

TYPES OF NEPHRON

A

Cortical nephron

Juxtamedullary nephron

224
Q

What cell releases renin?

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

225
Q

BLOOD FLOW INSIDE THE KIDNEYS - ARTERIES

Mnemonics?

A

ARS IA IAGEP
Aorta
Renal artery
Segmental a.

Interlobar a.
Arcuate a.

Interlobular a.
Afferent arterioles
Glomerular capilliaries
Efferent arterioles
Peritubular capillaries
226
Q

BLOOD FLOW INSIDE THE KIDNEYS - VEINS

Mnemonics?

A

I AIR

Interlobular v

Arcuate v
Interlobar v
Renal v

227
Q

Net Filtration Pressure

A

10mmHg

228
Q

GFR
Male?
Female?
Average?

A

125 ml/min
105 ml/min
125 ml/min

229
Q

Workhorse of nephron

A

PCT

230
Q

Most concentrated LF

A

Thin descending LOH

231
Q

Most permeable to H2O?

A

PCT

232
Q

Responsible for the color of urine?

Color?

A

Urochrome/urobilin

Pale yellow to orange

233
Q

Attachments of ADH

A

DCT, CCT, MCT

234
Q

Most diluted LF

A

MCT, CCT, DCT

235
Q

(+) ADH - Most diluted LF

A

MCT, CCT, DCT

236
Q

(+) ADH - Most concentrated LF

A

Ascending LOH

237
Q

STORAGE OF URINE
Normal?
Max?

A

500mL

700-800 mL (dribble)

238
Q

MICTURITION REFLEX

Amount?

A

Voiding (urge to urinate)

200-300mL

239
Q

URETHRA LENGTH
Male?
Female?

A

20cm

3-4 cm

240
Q

Crede maneuver

A

Manual downward pressure in suprapubic region

241
Q

Overactive bladder, neurogenic bladder

A

Urge incontinence

242
Q

Atonic bladder

A

Overflow incontinence

243
Q

PITUITARY GLAND
Aka?
Location?
Lobes?

A

Hypophysis

Sella turcica (saddle-shaped depression in the body of sphenoid)

Ant & post pituitary gland

244
Q

ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND
Aka?
Origin?
Control?

A

Adenohypophysis

Pharyngeal epithelium

Hypothalamic releasing & inhibitory hormones

245
Q

Prolactin aka?

A

Lactotropin

246
Q

INCREASE PROLACTIN
Female?
Male?

A

Amenorrhea

Erectile dysfunction

247
Q

Growth Hormone aka?

A

Somatotropin

248
Q

TSH aka?

A

Thyrotropin

249
Q

MSH aka?

A

Melanotropin / Intermedin

250
Q

What hormone stimulates the cortisol?

A

ACTH

251
Q

FSH
Aka?
Female?
Male?

A

Gonadotropin

Stimulates the estrogen & progesterone

Stimulate the sperm

252
Q

LH
Aka?
Female?
Male?

A

Lutropin

Triggers the ovulation

Stimulates the testosterone

253
Q

POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND
Aka?
Origin?
Control?

A

Neurohypophysis

Neural tissues

Hypothalamus

254
Q

What hormones that are stored in post pituitary gland?

A

Oxytocin

ADH

255
Q

ADH aka

A

Vasopressin

256
Q

THYROID HORMONE
T3 aka?
T4 aka?

A

Triiodothyronine

Tetraiodothyronine / thyroxine

257
Q

(Hormone)
Increase ca++ in the blood?
Decrease ca++ in the blood?

A

Parathormone

Calcitonin

258
Q

Parathormone aka?

A

Parathyrin

259
Q

ADRENAL GLAND - ADRENAL CORTEX

Mnemonics & Hormones?

A

GFR - ACA

Zone Glomerulosa - Aldosterone
Zone Fasciculata - Cortisol
Zone Reticularis - Androgen

260
Q

Pineal Gland
Loc?
Hormone?

A

At the roof of 3rd ventricle

Melatonin

261
Q

Hormone that is responsible for maturation of T-cells

A

Thymosis

262
Q

Cells that are in found in Pancreas

A

Islet of Langerhans

263
Q

PANCREAS (endo)

Mnemonics?

A

GABIDS

Glucagon - Alpha cells
B cells - Insulin
D cells - Somatostatin

MODULES (12 decks)

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