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Basic Kines & HNBS Flashcards

1
Q

SAGITTAL PLANE
Aka?
Axis?
Actions?

A

Vertical / YZ plane

X axis

Flexion Extension
Thumb abd & add
DF & PF

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2
Q

TRANSVERSE PLANE
Aka?
Axis?
Actions?

A

Horizontal / XZ plane

Y axis

IR & ER
Pronation, suponation

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3
Q

FRONTAL PLANE
Aka?
Axis?
Actions?

A

Coronal /XY plane

Z axis

Abduction, adduction
RD & UD
Neck lateral flexion
Thumb flexion, extension

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4
Q

ANATOMICAL POSITION

Mnemonics?

A

SHAFT

Standing erect
Head in midline
Arms abducted (approx 55 degrees)
FA supination & feet apart
Toes are extended
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5
Q 
FUNDAMENTAL POSITION
Head?
Arms?
FA?
Palms?
Standing?
Toes?
A 
In midline
At the side
Neutral position
Facing the body
Erect
Extended
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6
Q

Application of the mechanics to the human body?

And the 2 parts?

A

BIOMECHANICS

Static
Dynamic

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7
Q

Classifications of Joints

A

SYNARTHROSES
AMPHIARTHROSES
DIARTHROSES

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8
Q

Types of Diarthroses

A

Non axial
Uniaxial
Biaxial
Triaxial

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9
Q

SYNARTHROSES examples?

A

Sutures
Gomphosis jt
Syndesmosis (tibiofibular articulation)

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10
Q

AMPHIARTHROSES examples?

A

Pubic symphysis
IV joint
Synchondrosis (1st sternoclavicular jt)

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11
Q

DIARTHROSES - UNIAXIAL
Types?
Examples?

A

Hinge (ginglymus)
Pivot (trochoid)

HINGE

  • elbow
  • knees\
  • ankles
  • IP jt of fingers & toes

PIVOT

  • AA jt
  • FA (PRU)
  • Subtalar
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12
Q

DIARTHROSES - BIAXIAL
Types?
Examples?

A

Condyloid & Ellipsoidal
Saddle (sellar)

C&E

  • MCP jt
  • Radiocarpal jt (wrist)

SADDLE

  • 1st CMC jt
  • SC jt
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13
Q

ARTHROKINEMATICS Points
Rolling?
Sliding/Gliding?
Spinning?

A

Codes:
Many to many
One to many
Stick to one

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14
Q 
CLASS 1
Axis?
MA?
Function?
Ex?
A

Fulcrum
1
Balance
AO jt, U/L stance

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15
Q 
CLASS 2
Axis?
MA?
Function?
Ex?
A

Weight
More than 1
Power
Double bilat stance, tip toeing

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16
Q 
CLASS 3
Axis?
MA?
Function?
Ex?
A

Effort
<1
Speed
MC in the body (open chain)

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17
Q

COG

  • Slight anterior to?
  • Falls near the?
  • What percent of body’s what?
  • Slightly higher in?
A

S2
ASIS
55% of the body’s HEIGHT
Slightly higher in men than women

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18
Q

LAW OF MOTIONS
1st law?
2nd law?
3rd law?

A

Law of Inertia
Law of Acceleration & Mass
Law of Action-Reaction

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19
Q 
SPECIFIC CENTER OF GRAVITY
(In the tune of Fruit Salad song)
Head
Neck
Trunk
UE
Arms
FA
Hand
LE
Thigh
Leg
Foot
A 
Sphenoid sinus
Basioccipital
Anterior T11
Just above the elbow
Medial head of triceps
Pronator teres
3rd MCP
Just above the knee jt
Adductor brevis/magnus/vastus medialis
Popliteus
2nd MTT
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20
Q

LINE OF GRAVITY
Mnemonics?
Parts?

A

TATATPAA

T-Odontoid process, epistropheus, odontoid peg
A-AO jt
T-Cervical
A-Thoracic
T-Lumbar
P-Hip
A-Knee
A-Ankle
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21
Q

Sing the RESTING POSITION

In the tune of Brahm’s Lullaby

A

…

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22
Q

Sing the CLOSED PACK POSITION

In the tune of Fireworks

A

…

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23
Q

Sing the CAPSULAR PATTERN

In the tune of Payphone

A

…

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24
Q

Layers of SCALP

A 
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis/Epicranium
Loose areolar tissue
Periosteum/Pericranium
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25
LAYERS OF SCALP | Hair follicles & sebaceous glands?
Skin
26
LAYERS OF SCALP | Major arteries & veins (ICA & ECA), fibrofatty layer?
Connective tissue
27
What tendon-like structure that connects the occipatilis & frontalis? And where does it suspend in the LAYERS OF SCALP?
GALEA APONEUROTICA Aponeurosis/Epicranium
28
LAYERS OF SCALP Most dangerous layer? Contains what veins in this layer? Characteristics of this veins?
Loose areolar tissue Emisarry veins valveless veins
29
LAYERS OF SCALP Nutrition of scalp? Innermost layer that separates skull from scalp? Outermost layer of the scalp?
Periosteum/Pericranium
30
Total bones? Axial? Appendicular?
206 80 126
31
EAR OSSICLES 2 mnemonics? Smallest bone in the body??
HAS/MIS Hammer/Malleus Anvil/Incus Staples/Stirrups - smallest
32
1st most difficult to visualize bone in the skull | Most number of articulations
Sphenoid
33
2nd most difficult to visualize bone in the skull
Ethmoid
34
CRANIAL BONES | Mnemonics?
PT FOES ``` Parietal Temporal Frontal Occipital Ethmoid Sphenoid ```
35
FACIAL BONES | Mnemonics?
NILAPA ZY MAMA V! ``` Nasal Inferior nasal conchae Lacrimal Palatine Zygomatic Maxilla Mandibular Vomer ```
36
SUTURES Separates the parietal & occipital? Separates the parietal & temporal?
Lambdoidal suture | Squamasal suture
37
ANTERIOR FONTANELLE Shape? Closes during? Ossified?
Diamond shape 18mos-2years Bregma
38
POSTERIOR FONTANELLE Shape? Closes during? Ossified?
Triangle shape 9mos-1year Lambda
39
Depression at the ROOT of the nose
Nasion
40
GLABELLAR TAP REFLEX Stimulus? Response? What sign is it? MC in?
Tap the glabella Persistent blinking MYERSON'S SIGN MC in Parkinson's Disease
41
Surprise muscle | Raises the eyebrow
Occipitofrontalis
42
Frowning ms | Approximates the eyebrows
Corrugator supercilli
43
Wrinkles the nose Distate Disgust
Procerus
44
Smiling? | Protrudes the upper lip?
Zygomatic major | Zygomatic minor
45
Grimace | Absent in people who have dimples
Risorius
46
Sneering
Levator anguli oris
47
Elevates the upper lip | Opening the lip
Levator labii superioris
48
``` Blowing ms Trumpeter's mm Sucking Whistling Puffs the cheek ```
Buccinator
49
Winking ms
Orbicularis oculi
50
Kissing ms
Orbicularis oris
51
Closes the lips
Orbicularis oris
52
Pouting ms Doubt ms Protrusion of the lower lip
Mentalis
53
Depresses the angle of the mouth, draw the buccal part of mouth down EGAD ms
Platysma
54
Formula in nerve supply in the muscle of the eyes
EOM3SO4LR6
55
FORAMEN IN THE SKULL | Mnemonics?
Cristy Often Stay Fresh for Ina Jay2x Howard ``` Cribiform Optic canal Superior orbital fissure Foramen rotundom Foramen ovale Internal acoustic meatus Jugular foramen Hypoglossal canal ```
56
FORAMEN IN THE SKULL | Cranial nerve exits?
``` C - 1 O - 2 S - 3 4 5v1 6 FR - 5v2 FO - 5v3 IAM - 7 8 JF - 9 10 11 H - 12 ```
57
What exists in the FORAMEN MAGNUM?
M.O Spinal cord Vertebral artery Accessory part of CN11
58
Where MMA exits in the foramen of the skull?
Foramen Spinosum
59
Where ICA exits in the foramen of the skull?
Foramen Lacerum
60
What shaped bone attached to the skull through the what ligamanet?
Hyoid bone | Stylohyoid bone
61
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS C3 C4 C6 (C5-C6)
Hyoid bone Thyroid Cricoid
62
NERVE SUPPLY OF DIGASTRIC Ant belly Post belly
CN5 | CN7
63
SUPRAHYOID MUSCLE Mnemonics? Nerve supply?
D MSG Digastric Mylohyoid - CN5 Stylohyoid - CN7 Geniohyoid -C1 via CN12
64
INFRAHYOID MUSCLE Mnemonics? Nerve supply?
TOSS Thyrohyoid - C1 via CN12 Omohyoid Sternohyoid Sternothyroid *the rest of infrahyoid is supplied by ANSA CERVICALES (ventral rami C1-C3)
65
TRIANGLES OF THE NECK
...
66
TMJ | Kinematics mnemonics?
STIR Superior joint - translation Inferior joint - rotation
67
``` NORMAL VALUE IN TMJ Depression? Protrusion? Retrusion? Lat deviation? ```
35-55mm 3-6mm 3-4mm 10-15mm
68
Mouth opening special test? Normal? Functional?
Knuckle test 3 fingerbreadth 2 fingerbreadth
69
``` Muscles for: Mouth opening? Mouth closing? Protrusion? Retrusion? Lateral deviation? ```
...
70
EXTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE Mnemonics? Action? Nerve supply?
``` PGH Styl Palatoglossus - elevation Genioglossus - protrusion Hypoglossus - depression Styloglossus - retrusion ``` All of it supplied by CN 12 except for - PALATOGLOSSUS ---Supplied by CN9/10 via palatopharyngeus plexus
71
Position where there is full approximation of the upper & lower teeth
Maximal Intercuspation / Maximal occlusion
72
What muscle contracts when you lateral deviate to L?
L lateral pterygoid | R medial pterygoid
73
FUNCTIONS OF BACK & SPINE | Mnemonics?
SIRENA ``` S I R E N A ```
74
TOTAL NUMBER OF VERTEBRA IN: Adults? Infant?
26 | 33
75
LENGTH OF VERTEBRA IN: Men? Women?
72cm | 62cm (minus 8-10cm)
76
Connects transverse process to the body
Pedicle (PANTE)
77
Connects the SP to TP
Lamina (LAPOST)
78
FACET JOINT ORIENTATION Cervical? Thoracic? Lumbar?
CERVICAL Sup: Sup & Post Inf: Inf & Ant THORACIC Sup: Post & Lat Inf: Ant & Medial LUMBAR Sup: Medial Inf: Lateral
79
FACET JOINT INCLINATION & PLANE Cervical? Thoracic? Lumbar?
CERVICAL - 45 degrees - perpendicular to sagittal THORACIC - 60 degrees - frontal LUMBAR - 90 degrees - sagittal
80
TYPICAL VERTEBRAE Cervical? Thoracic? Lumbar?
C3-C6 T5-T8 L1-L4
81
Axis vertebra aka?
Epistropeus
82
What segment in vertebral column that is limited in rotation?
LUMBAR
83
What passes in the transverse foramen?
Vertebral artery/vein | Symphathetic vein/nerves
84
How many % of IV disc in the vertebral column height/length??
25%
85
What protein is found in NP that imbibes water?
Proteoglycans
86
What protein is found in AF that are criss-crossed with each other at about what degrees?
Lamellae | 30 degrees
87
PEDICLES Widest at? (mnemonics?) Narrowest at? (mnemonics?)
maLapad (L5) | kiTid (T5)
88
JOINTS OF VON LUSCHKA Aka (mnemonics) ? Vertebrae? How many total joints?
UNU Uncovertebral joint Neurocentral joint Uncinate process C3-C7 (lower cervical jt) 12 joints
89
LIGAMENT MAGICAL CHANT??
ALL AATO PLL TECTO FLAVUM PATO SPINUCHA
90
CONNECTS THE TIP OF SPINOUS PROCESS FROM: C7 to sacrum? C7 to occiput?
Supraspinous | Ligamentum Nuchae
91
PLL is incomplete below?
L2
92
Ligamentum flavum aka?
Yellow ligament
93
Ligament that is pierced/punctured during lumbar tap/puncture
Ligamentum flavum
94
WHAT LIGAMENT THAT IS FROM ANTERIOR FORAMENT MAGNUM TO: Base/body of dens? Apex of dens?
Vertical ligament | Apical ligament
95
Shawl ms | Triangular sheet ms
Trapezius
96
Bandage ms
Splenius capitis/cervicis
97
ERECTOR SPINAE Mnemonics? Aka?
Kapag may erect, I Love Sex Iliocostalis Longgisimus Spinalis "Longitudinal ms" "Chief extensor ms"
98
TRANSVERSOSPINALIS Mnemonics? Aka?
SaMuRai - Oblique! Semispinalis Multifidus Rotatores "Oblique ms"
99
Strongest mm that can extend the spine from a fully flexed position
Multifidus
100
Corset ms
Transversus abdominis
101
ORIENTATION OF: External oblique? Internal oblique?
Inferomedially | Inferolaterally
102
Hip hiking ms
Quadratus lumborum
103
Forms the lateral wall of the abdomen, also maintains pelvic position during swing phase
Quadratus lumborum
104
Trunk rotation to L
R external oblique | L internal oblique
105
Sing the ROM OF THE SPINE | Voltes Spine
...
106
Stretching in the torticollis (mnemonics?)
ERL Extension Rotation Lat flexion
107
OA of the spine
Spondylosis
108
MC site in Spondylosis
C5-C6 | L4-L5
109
XRAY VIEW IN SPONDYLOLISTHESIS | Mnemonics?
FOLS Fracture - oblique view Lateral view - slippage
110
MC site in Spondylolisthesis
L5-S1
111
``` GRADING OF SPONDYLOLISTHESIS I II III IV V ```
``` 0-25% 26-50% 51-75% 76-100% More than 100% = SPONDYLOPTOSIS ```
112
MYERDING'S CLASSIFICATION OF SPONDYLOLISTHESIS | Mnemonics?
``` DIDTraP Degenerative Isthmic Dysplastic Traumatic Pathologic ```
113
MC type in MYERDING'S CLASSIFICATION OF SPONDYLOLISTHESIS
Isthmic
114
Lack of normal continuity of isthmus (narrowest part of neural arch)
Isthmic
115
``` ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS Aka? Gene? Pathologic hallmark? Radiograph hallmark? Phenomenon? ```
Marie Strumpell / Von Bechterev HLA B27 Bilat sacroilitis Bamboo spine Gel phenomenon
116
SCHOBER'S TEST IN AS Normal? AS? Hypermobility?
More than 5cm <5cm More than 10cm
117
SPINAL STENOSIS CAUSES | Mnemonics?
``` FoLDS Facet jt hypertrophy Ligamentum hypertrophy Disc protrusion Spur formation ```
118
Normal diameter of spinal canal
17mm
119
Normal diameter of spinal cord
10mm
120
Relative stenosis diameter
<12mm
121
Absolute stenosis diameter
<10mm
122
Costal chondritis aka?
Tzietze's Syndrome
123
UPPER CROSS SYNDROME Weak? Tight?
Weak neck flexors, SA, lower traps | Tight upper traps, lev scap, pecs
124
LOWER CROSS SYNDROME Weak? Tight?
Weak abdominals, hip extensors | Tight erector spinae, hip flexors
125
Causes of STRUCTURAL SCOLIOSIS | Mnemonics?
NOI Neurological conditions Osteopathic conditions Idiopathic
126
MC cause of STRUCTURAL SCOLIOSIS
Idiopathic
127
Classifications of IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS (& their age)
Infantile - 1st 3 years Juvenile - 4-14 y.o Adolescent - 10-16 y.o (MC)
128
SEVERITY OF CURVES & INDICATIONS Mild? Moderate? Severe?
0-20 (Stretching) 20-40 (bracing) More than 40 (surgery)
129
What degrees assoc c pain & DJD of spine
More than 40-50 degrees
130
What degrees assoc c significance cardiopulmo changes & decreased life expectancy
More than 60-70 degrees
131
Most rotated vertebra
Apical vertebra
132
Most tilted vertebra
End vertebra
133
Gold standard or MC used when measuring in SCOLIOSIS
Cobb's Method
134
``` NASH & MOE PEDICLE METHOD 0 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+ ```
``` No rotation Pedicle slightly toward to the midline Pedicle 2/3 toward midline At midline Moves beyond the midline ```
135
What do you see in CONVEX side in scoliosis: ``` Weak/tight? Nucleus pulposes? ALL? Inc/Dec thoracic volume? Vertebral body/spinous rotates? Ant/post rib hump? Prominent scapula? High/low shoulder? High/low gluteal line? ```
``` Weak Migrates Thinned Inc thoracic volume Vertebral body rotates Post rib hump Yes High shoulder Low gluteal line (long leg) ```
136
What do you see in CONCAVE side in scoliosis: ``` Weak/tight? Nucleus pulposes? ALL? Vertebral body/spinous rotates? Ant/post rib hump? Prominent scapula? High/low shoulder? High/low pelvis? High/low gluteal line? ```
``` Tight muscle Compressed & may bulge to opp side Thickened Spinous process rotates Ant rib hump No Low shoulder High pelvis High gluteal line (shorter leg) ```
137
SPINAL ORTHOTICS (& their levels)
Milwaukee - above T6 apex Miami - below T6 apex Below T8 apex (BuWaYa) Boston Wilmington Yamamoto
138
``` DISC PRESSURE IN VARIOUS POSITIONS Supine Sidelying Standing upright Sitting upright Standing + bending forward Sitting + bending forward Standing + BF + weights Sitting + BF + weights ```
``` (%) 25 75 100 140 160 185 220 275 ```
139
MC site in disc herniation
C4-C5 | L4-L5
140
NP herniate through the vertebral body
Schmorl's nodes
141
CLASSIFICATION IN DISC HERNIATION | Mnemonics?
``` BuPES Bulging Prolapsed Extrusion Sequestration ```
142
Innervated structures of the spine
``` Z-joint Outer of annulus Joint capsule ALL, PLL. interspinous ligament Erector spinae, multifidus Periosteum of vertebral bone ```
143
FORWARD HEAD Characteristics? Tight & Weak?
Increase EXT of AO & upper cerical Increase FLEX in LC & UT Mandible retrussion TMJ dysfunction Tight / Weak flexors
144
FLAT HEAD | Characteristics?
``` Decrease lordosis <20 degrees Increase flexion in AO jt Mandible protrusion Exagg of axial extension (chin tuck) Exagg military posture ```
145
TYPES OF STRUCTURAL KYPHOSIS | Mnemonics?
``` COGS Congenital kyphosis Osteoporosis Gibbus deformity Scheurmann's Kyphosis ```
146
GIBBUS DEFORMITY What hump can you see in this dse? What assoc dse?
(+) Dowager's hump Pott's dse - collapsed of a single vertebra
147
PRIMARY OSTEOPOROSIS Type I aka? Type II aka?
Post-menopausal osteoporosis Senile osteoporosis
148
SECONDARY OSTEOPOROSIS/TYPE III | Causes (Mnemonics) ?
``` NEDIN Nutrition deficiency Endocrine d/o Drug (corticosteroids) Immobility Nephropathy ```
149
Normal calcium level
More than 1,200mg ca++/day
150
MC site of Scheurmann's Kyphosis
T10-L2
151
Scheurmann's Kyphosis AKA?
``` Juvenile kyphosis Adolescent kyphosis JDD (Juvenile Discogenic Disease) Vertebral epiphysitis Osteochondritis of the spine ```
152
Mode of Inheritance in Scheurmann's Kyphosis? MC affect in? Age group?
Familial Boys 12-16 y.o
153
Increase thoracic kyphosis more than 40 degrees
Postural Kyphosis/Round back
154
Decrease thoracic kyphosis <40 degrees
Flat upper back
155
D/t foward shift of pelvis Increase hip / Increase thoracic kyphosis Increase lumbar lordosis
Swayback / Slouched posture
156
Conditions that falls in FLEXION BIAS
Flexion SISters ``` Stenosis Spondylosis Spondylolysis Spondylolisthesis Spondylitis ```
157
Conditions that falls in EXTENSION BIAS | Mnemonics?
``` CASIT Compression fx AS Scheurmman's Disease IVD lesion/HNP Tension H/A ```
158
Click upon mouth opening
TMJ Disc Displacement
159
Click upon mouth closing
TMJ Displacement

MODULES (12 decks)

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