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MODULES > Basic Kines & HNBS > Flashcards

Basic Kines & HNBS Flashcards

1
Q

SAGITTAL PLANE
Aka?
Axis?
Actions?

A

Vertical / YZ plane

X axis

Flexion Extension
Thumb abd & add
DF & PF

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2
Q

TRANSVERSE PLANE
Aka?
Axis?
Actions?

A

Horizontal / XZ plane

Y axis

IR & ER
Pronation, suponation

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3
Q

FRONTAL PLANE
Aka?
Axis?
Actions?

A

Coronal /XY plane

Z axis

Abduction, adduction
RD & UD
Neck lateral flexion
Thumb flexion, extension

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4
Q

ANATOMICAL POSITION

Mnemonics?

A

SHAFT

Standing erect
Head in midline
Arms abducted (approx 55 degrees)
FA supination & feet apart
Toes are extended
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5
Q 
FUNDAMENTAL POSITION
Head?
Arms?
FA?
Palms?
Standing?
Toes?
A 
In midline
At the side
Neutral position
Facing the body
Erect
Extended
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6
Q

Application of the mechanics to the human body?

And the 2 parts?

A

BIOMECHANICS

Static
Dynamic

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7
Q

Classifications of Joints

A

SYNARTHROSES
AMPHIARTHROSES
DIARTHROSES

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8
Q

Types of Diarthroses

A

Non axial
Uniaxial
Biaxial
Triaxial

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9
Q

SYNARTHROSES examples?

A

Sutures
Gomphosis jt
Syndesmosis (tibiofibular articulation)

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10
Q

AMPHIARTHROSES examples?

A

Pubic symphysis
IV joint
Synchondrosis (1st sternoclavicular jt)

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11
Q

DIARTHROSES - UNIAXIAL
Types?
Examples?

A

Hinge (ginglymus)
Pivot (trochoid)

HINGE

  • elbow
  • knees\
  • ankles
  • IP jt of fingers & toes

PIVOT

  • AA jt
  • FA (PRU)
  • Subtalar
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12
Q

DIARTHROSES - BIAXIAL
Types?
Examples?

A

Condyloid & Ellipsoidal
Saddle (sellar)

C&E

  • MCP jt
  • Radiocarpal jt (wrist)

SADDLE

  • 1st CMC jt
  • SC jt
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13
Q

ARTHROKINEMATICS Points
Rolling?
Sliding/Gliding?
Spinning?

A

Codes:
Many to many
One to many
Stick to one

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14
Q 
CLASS 1
Axis?
MA?
Function?
Ex?
A

Fulcrum
1
Balance
AO jt, U/L stance

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15
Q 
CLASS 2
Axis?
MA?
Function?
Ex?
A

Weight
More than 1
Power
Double bilat stance, tip toeing

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16
Q 
CLASS 3
Axis?
MA?
Function?
Ex?
A

Effort
<1
Speed
MC in the body (open chain)

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17
Q

COG

  • Slight anterior to?
  • Falls near the?
  • What percent of body’s what?
  • Slightly higher in?
A

S2
ASIS
55% of the body’s HEIGHT
Slightly higher in men than women

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18
Q

LAW OF MOTIONS
1st law?
2nd law?
3rd law?

A

Law of Inertia
Law of Acceleration & Mass
Law of Action-Reaction

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19
Q 
SPECIFIC CENTER OF GRAVITY
(In the tune of Fruit Salad song)
Head
Neck
Trunk
UE
Arms
FA
Hand
LE
Thigh
Leg
Foot
A 
Sphenoid sinus
Basioccipital
Anterior T11
Just above the elbow
Medial head of triceps
Pronator teres
3rd MCP
Just above the knee jt
Adductor brevis/magnus/vastus medialis
Popliteus
2nd MTT
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20
Q

LINE OF GRAVITY
Mnemonics?
Parts?

A

TATATPAA

T-Odontoid process, epistropheus, odontoid peg
A-AO jt
T-Cervical
A-Thoracic
T-Lumbar
P-Hip
A-Knee
A-Ankle
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21
Q

Sing the RESTING POSITION

In the tune of Brahm’s Lullaby

A

…

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22
Q

Sing the CLOSED PACK POSITION

In the tune of Fireworks

A

…

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23
Q

Sing the CAPSULAR PATTERN

In the tune of Payphone

A

…

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24
Q

Layers of SCALP

A 
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis/Epicranium
Loose areolar tissue
Periosteum/Pericranium
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25
Q

LAYERS OF SCALP

Hair follicles & sebaceous glands?

A

Skin

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26
Q

LAYERS OF SCALP

Major arteries & veins (ICA & ECA), fibrofatty layer?

A

Connective tissue

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27
Q

What tendon-like structure that connects the occipatilis & frontalis?
And where does it suspend in the LAYERS OF SCALP?

A

GALEA APONEUROTICA

Aponeurosis/Epicranium

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28
Q

LAYERS OF SCALP
Most dangerous layer?
Contains what veins in this layer?
Characteristics of this veins?

A

Loose areolar tissue
Emisarry veins
valveless veins

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29
Q

LAYERS OF SCALP
Nutrition of scalp?
Innermost layer that separates skull from scalp?
Outermost layer of the scalp?

A

Periosteum/Pericranium

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30
Q

Total bones?
Axial?
Appendicular?

A

206
80
126

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31
Q

EAR OSSICLES
2 mnemonics?
Smallest bone in the body??

A

HAS/MIS

Hammer/Malleus
Anvil/Incus
Staples/Stirrups - smallest

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32
Q

1st most difficult to visualize bone in the skull

Most number of articulations

A

Sphenoid

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33
Q

2nd most difficult to visualize bone in the skull

A

Ethmoid

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34
Q

CRANIAL BONES

Mnemonics?

A

PT FOES

Parietal
Temporal
Frontal
Occipital
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
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35
Q

FACIAL BONES

Mnemonics?

A

NILAPA ZY MAMA V!

Nasal
Inferior nasal conchae
Lacrimal
Palatine
Zygomatic
Maxilla
Mandibular
Vomer
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36
Q

SUTURES
Separates the parietal & occipital?
Separates the parietal & temporal?

A

Lambdoidal suture

Squamasal suture

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37
Q

ANTERIOR FONTANELLE
Shape?
Closes during?
Ossified?

A

Diamond shape
18mos-2years
Bregma

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38
Q

POSTERIOR FONTANELLE
Shape?
Closes during?
Ossified?

A

Triangle shape
9mos-1year
Lambda

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39
Q

Depression at the ROOT of the nose

A

Nasion

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40
Q

GLABELLAR TAP REFLEX
Stimulus?
Response?
What sign is it? MC in?

A

Tap the glabella
Persistent blinking
MYERSON’S SIGN
MC in Parkinson’s Disease

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41
Q

Surprise muscle

Raises the eyebrow

A

Occipitofrontalis

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42
Q

Frowning ms

Approximates the eyebrows

A

Corrugator supercilli

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43
Q

Wrinkles the nose
Distate
Disgust

A

Procerus

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44
Q

Smiling?

Protrudes the upper lip?

A

Zygomatic major

Zygomatic minor

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45
Q

Grimace

Absent in people who have dimples

A

Risorius

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46
Q

Sneering

A

Levator anguli oris

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47
Q

Elevates the upper lip

Opening the lip

A

Levator labii superioris

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48
Q 
Blowing ms
Trumpeter's mm
Sucking
Whistling
Puffs the cheek
A

Buccinator

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49
Q

Winking ms

A

Orbicularis oculi

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50
Q

Kissing ms

A

Orbicularis oris

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51
Q

Closes the lips

A

Orbicularis oris

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52
Q

Pouting ms
Doubt ms
Protrusion of the lower lip

A

Mentalis

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53
Q

Depresses the angle of the mouth, draw the buccal part of mouth down

EGAD ms

A

Platysma

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54
Q

Formula in nerve supply in the muscle of the eyes

A

EOM3SO4LR6

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55
Q

FORAMEN IN THE SKULL

Mnemonics?

A

Cristy Often Stay Fresh for Ina Jay2x Howard

Cribiform
Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure
Foramen rotundom
Foramen ovale
Internal acoustic meatus
Jugular foramen
Hypoglossal canal
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56
Q

FORAMEN IN THE SKULL

Cranial nerve exits?

A 
C - 1
O - 2
S - 3 4 5v1 6
FR - 5v2
FO - 5v3
IAM - 7 8
JF - 9 10 11
H - 12
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57
Q

What exists in the FORAMEN MAGNUM?

A

M.O
Spinal cord
Vertebral artery
Accessory part of CN11

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58
Q

Where MMA exits in the foramen of the skull?

A

Foramen Spinosum

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59
Q

Where ICA exits in the foramen of the skull?

A

Foramen Lacerum

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60
Q

What shaped bone attached to the skull through the what ligamanet?

A

Hyoid bone

Stylohyoid bone

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61
Q

ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS
C3
C4
C6 (C5-C6)

A

Hyoid bone
Thyroid
Cricoid

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62
Q

NERVE SUPPLY OF DIGASTRIC
Ant belly
Post belly

A

CN5

CN7

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63
Q

SUPRAHYOID MUSCLE
Mnemonics?
Nerve supply?

A

D MSG

Digastric
Mylohyoid - CN5
Stylohyoid - CN7
Geniohyoid -C1 via CN12

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64
Q

INFRAHYOID MUSCLE
Mnemonics?
Nerve supply?

A

TOSS

Thyrohyoid - C1 via CN12
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid

*the rest of infrahyoid is supplied by ANSA CERVICALES (ventral rami C1-C3)

65
Q

TRIANGLES OF THE NECK

A

…

66
Q

TMJ

Kinematics mnemonics?

A

STIR
Superior joint - translation
Inferior joint - rotation

67
Q 
NORMAL VALUE IN TMJ
Depression?
Protrusion?
Retrusion?
Lat deviation?
A

35-55mm
3-6mm
3-4mm
10-15mm

68
Q

Mouth opening special test?
Normal?
Functional?

A

Knuckle test
3 fingerbreadth
2 fingerbreadth

69
Q 
Muscles for:
Mouth opening?
Mouth closing?
Protrusion?
Retrusion?
Lateral deviation?
A

…

70
Q

EXTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE
Mnemonics?
Action?
Nerve supply?

A 
PGH Styl
Palatoglossus - elevation
Genioglossus - protrusion
Hypoglossus - depression
Styloglossus - retrusion

All of it supplied by CN 12 except for - PALATOGLOSSUS
—Supplied by CN9/10 via palatopharyngeus plexus

71
Q

Position where there is full approximation of the upper & lower teeth

A

Maximal Intercuspation / Maximal occlusion

72
Q

What muscle contracts when you lateral deviate to L?

A

L lateral pterygoid

R medial pterygoid

73
Q

FUNCTIONS OF BACK & SPINE

Mnemonics?

A

SIRENA

S
I
R
E
N
A
74
Q

TOTAL NUMBER OF VERTEBRA IN:
Adults?
Infant?

A

26

33

75
Q

LENGTH OF VERTEBRA IN:
Men?
Women?

A

72cm

62cm (minus 8-10cm)

76
Q

Connects transverse process to the body

A

Pedicle (PANTE)

77
Q

Connects the SP to TP

A

Lamina (LAPOST)

78
Q

FACET JOINT ORIENTATION
Cervical?
Thoracic?
Lumbar?

A

CERVICAL
Sup: Sup & Post
Inf: Inf & Ant

THORACIC
Sup: Post & Lat
Inf: Ant & Medial

LUMBAR
Sup: Medial
Inf: Lateral

79
Q

FACET JOINT INCLINATION & PLANE
Cervical?
Thoracic?
Lumbar?

A

CERVICAL

  • 45 degrees
  • perpendicular to sagittal

THORACIC

  • 60 degrees
  • frontal

LUMBAR

  • 90 degrees
  • sagittal
80
Q

TYPICAL VERTEBRAE
Cervical?
Thoracic?
Lumbar?

A

C3-C6
T5-T8
L1-L4

81
Q

Axis vertebra aka?

A

Epistropeus

82
Q

What segment in vertebral column that is limited in rotation?

A

LUMBAR

83
Q

What passes in the transverse foramen?

A

Vertebral artery/vein

Symphathetic vein/nerves

84
Q

How many % of IV disc in the vertebral column height/length??

A

25%

85
Q

What protein is found in NP that imbibes water?

A

Proteoglycans

86
Q

What protein is found in AF that are criss-crossed with each other at about what degrees?

A

Lamellae

30 degrees

87
Q

PEDICLES
Widest at? (mnemonics?)
Narrowest at? (mnemonics?)

A

maLapad (L5)

kiTid (T5)

88
Q

JOINTS OF VON LUSCHKA
Aka (mnemonics) ?
Vertebrae?
How many total joints?

A

UNU
Uncovertebral joint
Neurocentral joint
Uncinate process

C3-C7 (lower cervical jt)

12 joints

89
Q

LIGAMENT MAGICAL CHANT??

A

ALL AATO
PLL TECTO
FLAVUM PATO
SPINUCHA

90
Q

CONNECTS THE TIP OF SPINOUS PROCESS FROM:
C7 to sacrum?
C7 to occiput?

A

Supraspinous

Ligamentum Nuchae

91
Q

PLL is incomplete below?

A

L2

92
Q

Ligamentum flavum aka?

A

Yellow ligament

93
Q

Ligament that is pierced/punctured during lumbar tap/puncture

A

Ligamentum flavum

94
Q

WHAT LIGAMENT THAT IS FROM ANTERIOR FORAMENT MAGNUM TO:
Base/body of dens?
Apex of dens?

A

Vertical ligament

Apical ligament

95
Q

Shawl ms

Triangular sheet ms

A

Trapezius

96
Q

Bandage ms

A

Splenius capitis/cervicis

97
Q

ERECTOR SPINAE
Mnemonics?
Aka?

A

Kapag may erect, I Love Sex

Iliocostalis
Longgisimus
Spinalis

“Longitudinal ms”
“Chief extensor ms”

98
Q

TRANSVERSOSPINALIS
Mnemonics?
Aka?

A

SaMuRai - Oblique!
Semispinalis
Multifidus
Rotatores

“Oblique ms”

99
Q

Strongest mm that can extend the spine from a fully flexed position

A

Multifidus

100
Q

Corset ms

A

Transversus abdominis

101
Q

ORIENTATION OF:
External oblique?
Internal oblique?

A

Inferomedially

Inferolaterally

102
Q

Hip hiking ms

A

Quadratus lumborum

103
Q

Forms the lateral wall of the abdomen, also maintains pelvic position during swing phase

A

Quadratus lumborum

104
Q

Trunk rotation to L

A

R external oblique

L internal oblique

105
Q

Sing the ROM OF THE SPINE

Voltes Spine

A

…

106
Q

Stretching in the torticollis (mnemonics?)

A

ERL
Extension
Rotation
Lat flexion

107
Q

OA of the spine

A

Spondylosis

108
Q

MC site in Spondylosis

A

C5-C6

L4-L5

109
Q

XRAY VIEW IN SPONDYLOLISTHESIS

Mnemonics?

A

FOLS
Fracture - oblique view
Lateral view - slippage

110
Q

MC site in Spondylolisthesis

A

L5-S1

111
Q 
GRADING OF SPONDYLOLISTHESIS
I
II
III
IV
V
A 
0-25%
26-50%
51-75%
76-100%
More than 100% = SPONDYLOPTOSIS
112
Q

MYERDING’S CLASSIFICATION OF SPONDYLOLISTHESIS

Mnemonics?

A 
DIDTraP
Degenerative
Isthmic
Dysplastic
Traumatic
Pathologic
113
Q

MC type in MYERDING’S CLASSIFICATION OF SPONDYLOLISTHESIS

A

Isthmic

114
Q

Lack of normal continuity of isthmus (narrowest part of neural arch)

A

Isthmic

115
Q 
ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
Aka?
Gene?
Pathologic hallmark?
Radiograph hallmark?
Phenomenon?
A

Marie Strumpell / Von Bechterev
HLA B27

Bilat sacroilitis
Bamboo spine

Gel phenomenon

116
Q

SCHOBER’S TEST IN AS
Normal?
AS?
Hypermobility?

A

More than 5cm
<5cm
More than 10cm

117
Q

SPINAL STENOSIS CAUSES

Mnemonics?

A 
FoLDS
Facet jt hypertrophy
Ligamentum hypertrophy
Disc protrusion
Spur formation
118
Q

Normal diameter of spinal canal

A

17mm

119
Q

Normal diameter of spinal cord

A

10mm

120
Q

Relative stenosis diameter

A

<12mm

121
Q

Absolute stenosis diameter

A

<10mm

122
Q

Costal chondritis aka?

A

Tzietze’s Syndrome

123
Q

UPPER CROSS SYNDROME
Weak?
Tight?

A

Weak neck flexors, SA, lower traps

Tight upper traps, lev scap, pecs

124
Q

LOWER CROSS SYNDROME
Weak?
Tight?

A

Weak abdominals, hip extensors

Tight erector spinae, hip flexors

125
Q

Causes of STRUCTURAL SCOLIOSIS

Mnemonics?

A

NOI
Neurological conditions
Osteopathic conditions
Idiopathic

126
Q

MC cause of STRUCTURAL SCOLIOSIS

A

Idiopathic

127
Q

Classifications of IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS (& their age)

A

Infantile - 1st 3 years
Juvenile - 4-14 y.o
Adolescent - 10-16 y.o (MC)

128
Q

SEVERITY OF CURVES & INDICATIONS
Mild?
Moderate?
Severe?

A

0-20 (Stretching)
20-40 (bracing)
More than 40 (surgery)

129
Q

What degrees assoc c pain & DJD of spine

A

More than 40-50 degrees

130
Q

What degrees assoc c significance cardiopulmo changes & decreased life expectancy

A

More than 60-70 degrees

131
Q

Most rotated vertebra

A

Apical vertebra

132
Q

Most tilted vertebra

A

End vertebra

133
Q

Gold standard or MC used when measuring in SCOLIOSIS

A

Cobb’s Method

134
Q 
NASH & MOE PEDICLE METHOD
0
1+
2+
3+
4+
A 
No rotation
Pedicle slightly toward to the midline
Pedicle 2/3 toward midline
At midline
Moves beyond the midline
135
Q

What do you see in CONVEX side in scoliosis:

Weak/tight?
Nucleus pulposes?
ALL?
Inc/Dec thoracic volume?
Vertebral body/spinous rotates?
Ant/post rib hump?
Prominent scapula? 
High/low shoulder?
High/low gluteal line?
A 
Weak
Migrates
Thinned
Inc thoracic volume
Vertebral body rotates
Post rib hump
Yes
High shoulder
Low gluteal line (long leg)
136
Q

What do you see in CONCAVE side in scoliosis:

Weak/tight?
Nucleus pulposes?
ALL?
Vertebral body/spinous rotates?
Ant/post rib hump?
Prominent scapula? 
High/low shoulder?
High/low pelvis?
High/low gluteal line?
A 
Tight muscle
Compressed & may bulge to opp side
Thickened
Spinous process rotates
Ant rib hump
No
Low shoulder
High pelvis
High gluteal line (shorter leg)
137
Q

SPINAL ORTHOTICS (& their levels)

A

Milwaukee - above T6 apex
Miami - below T6 apex

Below T8 apex (BuWaYa)
Boston
Wilmington
Yamamoto

138
Q 
DISC PRESSURE IN VARIOUS POSITIONS
Supine
Sidelying
Standing upright
Sitting upright
Standing + bending forward
Sitting + bending forward
Standing + BF + weights
Sitting + BF + weights
A 
(%)
25
75
100
140
160
185
220
275
139
Q

MC site in disc herniation

A

C4-C5

L4-L5

140
Q

NP herniate through the vertebral body

A

Schmorl’s nodes

141
Q

CLASSIFICATION IN DISC HERNIATION

Mnemonics?

A 
BuPES
Bulging
Prolapsed
Extrusion
Sequestration
142
Q

Innervated structures of the spine

A 
Z-joint
Outer of annulus
Joint capsule
ALL, PLL. interspinous ligament
Erector spinae, multifidus
Periosteum of vertebral bone
143
Q

FORWARD HEAD
Characteristics?
Tight & Weak?

A

Increase EXT of AO & upper cerical
Increase FLEX in LC & UT
Mandible retrussion
TMJ dysfunction

Tight /
Weak flexors

144
Q

FLAT HEAD

Characteristics?

A 
Decrease lordosis <20 degrees
Increase flexion in AO jt
Mandible protrusion
Exagg of axial extension (chin tuck)
Exagg military posture
145
Q

TYPES OF STRUCTURAL KYPHOSIS

Mnemonics?

A 
COGS
Congenital kyphosis
Osteoporosis
Gibbus deformity
Scheurmann's Kyphosis
146
Q

GIBBUS DEFORMITY
What hump can you see in this dse?
What assoc dse?

A

(+) Dowager’s hump

Pott’s dse - collapsed of a single vertebra

147
Q

PRIMARY OSTEOPOROSIS
Type I aka?
Type II aka?

A

Post-menopausal osteoporosis

Senile osteoporosis

148
Q

SECONDARY OSTEOPOROSIS/TYPE III

Causes (Mnemonics) ?

A 
NEDIN
Nutrition deficiency
Endocrine d/o
Drug (corticosteroids)
Immobility
Nephropathy
149
Q

Normal calcium level

A

More than 1,200mg ca++/day

150
Q

MC site of Scheurmann’s Kyphosis

A

T10-L2

151
Q

Scheurmann’s Kyphosis AKA?

A 
Juvenile kyphosis
Adolescent kyphosis
JDD (Juvenile Discogenic Disease)
Vertebral epiphysitis
Osteochondritis of the spine
152
Q

Mode of Inheritance in Scheurmann’s Kyphosis?
MC affect in?
Age group?

A

Familial
Boys
12-16 y.o

153
Q

Increase thoracic kyphosis more than 40 degrees

A

Postural Kyphosis/Round back

154
Q

Decrease thoracic kyphosis <40 degrees

A

Flat upper back

155
Q

D/t foward shift of pelvis
Increase hip /
Increase thoracic kyphosis
Increase lumbar lordosis

A

Swayback / Slouched posture

156
Q

Conditions that falls in FLEXION BIAS

A

Flexion SISters

Stenosis
Spondylosis
Spondylolysis
Spondylolisthesis
Spondylitis
157
Q

Conditions that falls in EXTENSION BIAS

Mnemonics?

A 
CASIT
Compression fx
AS
Scheurmman's Disease
IVD lesion/HNP
Tension H/A
158
Q

Click upon mouth opening

A

TMJ Disc Displacement

159
Q

Click upon mouth closing

A

TMJ Displacement

MODULES (12 decks)

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