UOF Flashcards
Grevious Bodily Harm:
A bodily injury that creates a substantial risk of death, causes serious permanent disfigurement, or results in long-term impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ.
Lethal force:
Any force likely to, or with the potential to, cause grievous bodily harm of death.
Use of force may be necessary to:
Stop dangerous and unlawful behaviour
Protect the police member or another person, from injury
Protect a person from self-injury
Overcome resistance for a lawful arrest
Prevent the escape of a suspect
Prevent destruction of evidence, or property.
Justified force Doctrine:
The Justified Force Doctrine has two specific criteria:
1) Escalation:
a) The level of control used by police members is selected in response to the level of resistance offered by the person. This means that it is the person who will dictate how much force will be needed to control their resistance.
2) Preclusion:
b) Police members may “rule out” lower control options if they believe the selected level of force would be ineffective, or inapropriate, for the circumstances. This means that it is not necessary to progress from one level of control to the next until control is gained.
Six levels of the resistance continuum:
Psychological intimidation
Verbal Non-Compliance
Passive Resistance
Defensive Resistance
Active Aggression
Aggravated Active Aggression
What is the threat assessment?
Weapons
Intent
Delivery System
What the six levels of the Control Continuum?
Police Officer presence
Verbal Direction
Soft Empty Hand Control
Hard Empty Hand Control
Intermediate Weapons
Lethal Force
One Plus One Doctrine:
What are the factors to consider?
Stipulates that Polce Officers can use one level of force higher than the level of resistance that the subject is doing.
Factors:
1) Age disparity
2) Strength disparity
3) Size disparity
4) Skill Disparity
5) Number of police members
What is the definition of Communication:
An act of transmitting a message
Exchange of information
To make known
What is our professional goal with Tactical comunication?
Control Redirect Influence Immediate behaviour Voluntary compliance
4 steps of tactical communication:
Greeting Reasoning Request Cooperation -Set context -Provide Options Act
How do we win?
Weapons
NUMBERS
tactics
L.E.A.P.S - What are five tools to assist with de-escalation
Listen Empathy Ask Questions Paraphrase Summarize
What is Command Presence:
Body language Tone of Voice Fitness Level Deportment Knowledge of authority/ justification Overall confidence Verbals
When would Crisis Communication be a better strategy than tactical communication.
Crisis communication is better in crisis state. Targets emotional state. “asking whats wrong”
If communication strategies have failed, what phrase should be used to alert your partner that you are going to preclude verbals and transition to physical tactics:
Sir/ Mam, is there anything I can say or do to get you to comply today?
What is an example of a deflection phrase?
I understand that, but i hear what you're saying, but I appreciate that, but I get that, but I might be that way, nevertheless I can relate, but
what kind of things shouldn’t we say?
Come here! You wouldn't understand Because those are the rules It's none of your buisness What do you want me to do about it Calm down What's your problem? I'm not going to say this again
what are the three personality types?
Nice
Difficult
Deceptive- the one that nice to your face but complains later
when do words fail?
S.A.F.E.R.
Security- whenever people under your care are in danger
Attack- Physical violence.
Flight- the subject is fleeing lawful arrest.
Excessive Repitition- once every tactic know has failed (i’d like to think there’s something that I could say to make you comply)
Revised Priorities - any change in circumstance that redefines the situation
Leaked Pre-Attack indicators:
Target glance Lack of eye contact Minimal movement- The oh shit moment Hands Drawing to the middle Scanning Barriers & Positioning Stress/ felony stretch Stall utterances
what are some challenges in communication?
Education Culture Age Alcohol/drugs/mental health Noise Stress Brain Damage Crisis Situation
Section 25 of the Criminal Code:
Protecting of persons Acting Under Authority
where is justifies peace officers using force to effect an arrest
Section 26 of the Criminal Code:
Excessive Force
Everyone who is authorized by law to use force is criminally responsible for any excess thereof according to the nature and quality of the act that constitutes the excess
Section 27 of the Criminal Code:
Use of force to prevent commission of offence
Every one is justified in using as much force as reasonably necessary to protect people and prevent an offence whom he could be arrested without warrant
Section 34 of the Criminal Code:
Defence of Person
where people can protect themselves
What handcuffs are we issued:
Smith and wesson Model 100
Never use handcuffs to:
handcuff a subject to a member
to handcuff a subject to a fixed object unless it can be reasonably justified
to handcuf one wrist and lead the person with the other end
as a come along
to pick subjects up
to hog tie a subject
what types of searches are there/
Visual searches
Field search - (weapons items to facilitate escape and evidence for which the accused was arrested)
Security search- (much more thorough, basically getting them down to one layer of clothing and ensuring that they do not have anything on them. done methodically)
Skin search- (done one half of the body at a time, obviously need a higher degree of justification
a search MUST be:
legal
thorough
methodical
safe
if someone is detained, what can we search for?
we can only search for weapons
is the asp boton we carry prohibited?
no
how long is our asp?
21 inches
what are the target areas with the baton?
large muscle groups such as the legs, arms (not intentionally targeting the joins as that would involve a higher potential for injury.
what is the fluid shockwave principle?
full body mass roation
strike ar right angles
allow for time on target
what kind of OC spray do we have?
sabre red crossfire
is our OC spray prohibited?
yes, because its intended use is for humans (section 84 of the criminal code)
whats in our OC spray?
10% micropulverised cayenne pepper
propelled by nitrogen
what is the effective range of our pepper spray:
3-12 feet
pros and cons of pepper spray:
cons:
- cross contamination
- does not physically incapacitate
- may not effect some
- may escalate resistance
Pros:
- compact and easy to fit on the belt
- easily concealed to maintain weapon readiness
- simple to use
- independent of officer skill and size
- range weapon to maintain a reactionary gap
- can engage multiple targets
Ground Survival Principles:
Chin to Chest Chest to Chest Arms in, elbows bent Take away the subjects base Use leverage and locks Create momentum
Your Goal if you find yourself in a ground attack should be:
escape from the ground and get to your feet as quickly as possible
create distance between you and the subject, you do not want to be pulled back into the ground fight
disengage or escalate
what are the four primary positions in ground control?
Subject in top mount
Subject in guard
Subject in read mount
prone headlock
what is the S.T.R.O.N.G. acronym for excited delireum
S uper human strength
T hought Disorder
R esisting Violently
O verheating
N o Pain
G asping
What are the four appeals of persuasion?
a. Personal - most powerful with difficult people. The ability to reach people by putting what you want them to do in terms of what they have to gain/lose.
b. Logical - involves logical reasoning for your request for compliance.
c. Professional - the fact that you ask for compliance in a professional manner is often enough.
d. Practical - anything else that works. Humor, redirection and refocusing.
What are the three components of communication?
a. Content
b. Verbal Tone
c. Body Language
What are the two kinds of problems in a difficult encounter:
a. Professional Problem - the problem as defined by the police officer
b. Rhetorical Problem - the problem as seen by the other person.
When applying pressure to the pressure points, what five steps should be utilized?
a. Stabilize the head/target area
b. Apply pressure/counter pressure
c. Apply the pressure using digital tip
d. Give loud repetitive verbal commands
e. Alleviate the pressure when the command is obeyed.
What are the resistant personality types?
a. Emotionally disturbed persons
b. Drug/alcohol intoxicated persons
c. Highly motivated/goal oriented.
What are the four points of justification for using an intermediate weapon:
a. Lower levels of force would be ineffective or inappropriate
b. Our intent was to temporarily incapacitate the subject so as to overcome their resistance
c. Lethal force was not justified
d. Taking the totality of the circumstances into consideration the officer’s actions were reasonable and necessary.
When is lethal force justified?
a. When we reasonably fear grievous bodily harm or death.
What are the steps for decontamination of OC Spray?
a. Remove subject from area
b. Expose subject to fresh air
c. Transport to decontamination area
d. Provide copious amounts of water
e. No salves, creams or ointments
f. Offer disposable clothing
What are the dangers of ground assaults?
a. Psychological/Physical disadvantage to the officer
b. Psychological/Physical advantage to the subject
c. Increased danger from multiple attacks
d. Disarming Scenarios
e. Extremely exhausting.
What factors should we consider regarding ground assaults?
a. Poor delivery system for officer’s striking techniques
b. Poor delivery system for officer’s intermediate weapons
c. Weapon retention variables
d. Application of dangerous techniques (ex: eye gouges, choking etc)
e. Cannot immediate disengage from the subject.
Edged weapon attacks can be broken into what two categories?
a. Anticipated Attacks
b. Unanticipated Attacks
With an anticipated attack, we have prior information such as?
a. Threat cues
b. Body language
c. Other aggressive behavior
d. Visible weapon.
What are examples of threat cues?
a. Aggressive stance/body language
b. Visible weapon
c. Suspected weapon
d. Hiding their hands
e. Resistance to verbal commands
f. Subtle/sudden hand movements towards danger zones
g. Increase in tension or repaid movements towards you
h. Tingling spider sense.
What should you do if you anticipate an attack?
a. Separate - make distance and take advantage of an obstacles that you can place between you and the subject. Tell them to stay away, that you are concerned they have a weapon on them and ask to see their hands.
b. Escalate - draw your weapon and have it ready. It’s better to have it ready and not need it that to need it and not have it ready.
c. Evaluate - continue to read behavior of the subject and look for threat cues.
What is self-imposed jeopardy?
a. Anytime a member creates a missing element of a complete threat assessment without good tactical reason.
What is grievous bodily harm?
a. Bodily injury with substantial risk of death
b. Causes serious or permanent disfigurement
c. Long-term loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ
What is lethal force?
a. Any force likely to cause or with potential to cause grievous bodily harm or death.
