Untitled Deck Flashcards
What is Gesamtkunstwerk?
Total art work - A concept by Richard Wagner where all art forms (music, drama, visual arts) are integrated into one unified artistic experience, creating an immersive, total performance.
What is ‘Also sprach Zarathustra’?
A philosophical work by Friedrich Nietzsche, exploring ideas like the ‘Übermensch’ (Superman) and ‘will to power.’
Who was Beethoven?
A German composer who revolutionized music, known for his symphonies and ‘Turkish March,’ despite losing his hearing in later life.
What is Richard Wagner known for?
A German composer noted for his operas and his concept of Gesamtkunstwerk, or ‘total art work,’ where all aspects of a production—music, design, and story—are unified.
Who was Giuseppe Verdi?
An Italian composer whose operas, such as ‘Aida’ and ‘La Traviata,’ became symbols of Italian nationalism during the 19th century.
What is Smetana famous for?
A Czech composer famous for his symphonic poem ‘Die Moldau,’ which represents the Czech landscape and national identity.
What were the Estates-General?
The representative body in pre-revolutionary France, consisting of clergy, nobility, and commoners, which hadn’t met in over 150 years until summoned by Louis XVI in 1789.
What is the National Assembly?
A body formed by the Third Estate (commoners) during the French Revolution to represent the people and challenge the authority of the king and nobility.
What was the Tennis Court Oath?
A pivotal event in 1789 during the French Revolution, where members of the National Assembly vowed not to separate until a new constitution was established.
What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen?
A foundational document of the French Revolution, asserting individual rights and the principles of liberty and equality.
What was the Reign of Terror?
A period during the French Revolution (1793-1794) marked by mass executions of perceived enemies of the revolution, largely led by Robespierre and the Jacobins.
Who were the Jacobins?
A radical revolutionary group during the French Revolution, known for their extreme measures, including the Reign of Terror.
What is a guillotine?
A device used for executions during the French Revolution, symbolizing the period’s brutality and revolutionary ideals.
What was the Directory?
The government of France from 1795 to 1799, following the fall of Robespierre, characterized by instability and corruption.
What is the significance of the Bastille?
A fortress and prison in Paris, symbolizing royal tyranny, whose storming on July 14, 1789, marked the beginning of the French Revolution.
What is Napoleon’s Legacy?
The lasting impact of Napoleon Bonaparte, particularly his establishment of a centralized French state, his spread of nationalism, and his wars across Europe.
What was the Metternich System?
A conservative European political framework established after Napoleon’s defeat, focused on maintaining order, preventing revolution, and restoring monarchies.
What is known about Religious and Philosophical Tolerance in the Netherlands?
The Netherlands, particularly Amsterdam, was known for its acceptance of different religious and philosophical ideas, making it a hub for intellectual thought.
Who was Rembrandt?
A famous Dutch painter known for his skillful use of light and shadow, particularly in portraiture and his painting of eyes, which convey deep emotion.
Who was Peter Paul Rubens?
A Flemish Baroque artist famous for dynamic compositions, rich color, and his distinctive portraits where figures often engage directly with the viewer.
What is Vermeer known for?
A Dutch painter known for his masterful use of light and color, especially in domestic interior scenes, such as ‘Girl with a Pearl Earring.’
Who was Vincent van Gogh?
A post-impressionist Dutch artist known for bold colors and expressive brushwork, famous for paintings like ‘Starry Night.’
Who was Baruch Spinoza?
A Jewish philosopher from the Netherlands known for his advocacy of rationalism and challenging traditional religious doctrines; excommunicated by the Jewish community.
Who was Anne Frank?
A Jewish girl who documented her life in hiding during the Nazi occupation of Amsterdam in World War II; her diary became a symbol of the Jewish experience during the Holocaust.
What is the Amsterdam Jewish Quarter?
A historically significant area where Jews had a large, wealthy community in Amsterdam, contributing significantly to trade, scholarship, and the arts.
What was the 80 Years’ War?
A revolt from 1568 to 1648 in which the Dutch provinces fought to gain independence from Spanish rule.
What is The Hague known for?
A city in the Netherlands that houses the International Court of Justice, overseeing disputes between nations and human rights issues.
What is Dutch Banking known for?
The Netherlands was a pioneer in banking, perfecting systems that helped finance trade and international ventures, including aiding the American Revolutionary War.
What was the Dutch Golden Age?
A period in the 17th century when the Netherlands achieved great cultural, economic, and artistic achievements, marked by flourishing art, trade, and innovation.
