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spanish vocabulary > AP World vocab chapter 19 > Flashcards

AP World vocab chapter 19 Flashcards

1
Q

Leader of slave rebellion on the French island of St. Domingue in 1791 that led to the creation of independent republic of Haiti in 1804

A

Toussaint L’ouverture

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2
Q

Mexican priest who established independence movement among American Indians and mestizos in 1810; captured and executed

A

Father Miguel de Hidalgo

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3
Q

Conservative Creole officer in Mexican army who signed agreement with insurgent forces of independence; proclaimed emperor of Mexico until its collapse in 1824

A

Agustin de Iturbide

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4
Q

Creole military officer in northern South America; won series of victories in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador between 1817 and 1822, military success led to creation of independent state of Gran Colombia.

A

Simon Bolivar

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5
Q

Independent state created in South America as a result of military successes of Simon Bolivar; existed only until 1830, at which time Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador became separate nations.

A

Gran Colombia

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6
Q

Leader of the struggle for independence in southern South America; born in Argentina and helped to liberate Chile in 1817-1818

A

Jose de San Martin

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7
Q

Portuguese monarch who established seat of government in Brazil from 1808-1820

A

Joao VI

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8
Q

Son and successor of Joao VI in Brazil; became constitutional emperor of Brazil, aided in the declaration of Brazilian independence from Portugal in 1822.

A

Pedro 1

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9
Q

Mestizo general who established union of independent Peru and Bolivia between 1829 and 1839

A

Andres Santa Cruz

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10
Q

Independent leaders who dominated local areas by force in defiance of national policies

A

Caudillos

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11
Q

Latin American politicians who wished to create strong, centralized national governments

A

Centralists

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12
Q

Latin American politicians who wanted policies set by regional governments rather than centralized national administrations

A

Federalists

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13
Q

Strongman leader in Buenos Aires who restored local autonomy

A

Juan Manuel de Rosas

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14
Q

Seized power in Mexico after collapse of empire in 1824; defeated by Texans in war for independence

A

General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

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15
Q

American declaration stated in 1823; established that any attempt of a European country to colonize in the Americas would be considered an unfriendly act

A

Monroe Doctrine

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16
Q

Bird droppings utilized as fertilizer; exported from Peru as a major item of trade between 1850 and 1880, income from trade permitted end to American Indian tribute and abolition of slavery.

A

Guano

17
Q

French philosophy based on observation and scientific approach to problems of society

A

Positivism

18
Q

French philosopher; founder of positivism

A

Auguste Comte

19
Q

Belief of the government of the United States that it was destined to rule the continent from coast to coast

A

Manifest Destiny

20
Q

.Agreement that ended the Mexican-American War; provided for loss of Texas and California to the United States, left legacy of distrust of the United States in Latin America

A

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Left legacy of distrust of the United States in Latin America.

21
Q

War fought between Mexico and the United States from 1846 to 1848, led to devastating defeat of Mexican forces, loss of about one-half of Mexico’s national territory to the US.

A

Mexican American War

22
Q

Indian governor of state of Oaxaca in Mexico; leader of liberal rebellion against Santa Anna

A

Benito Juarez

23
Q

The liberal rebellion of Benito Juarez against the forces of Santa Anna

A

La Reforma

24
Q

Proclaimed Emperor Maximilian of Mexico following intervention of France in 1862

A

Maximilian Von Habsburg

25
Q

Military general who served as authoritarian president of Mexico most years between 1876 and 1911

A

Porfirio Diaz

26
Q

Replaced state of Buenos Aires in 1862; result of compromise between centralists and federalists

A

Argentine Republic

27
Q

War fought between Spain and the United States beginning in 1898; centered on Cuba and Puerto Rico

A

Spanish-American War

28
Q

An aspect of American intervention in Latin America; resulted from US support for a Panamanian independence movement, provided short route between Atlantic and Pacific oceans; completed in 1914.

A

Panama Canal

29
Q

Advisors of government of Porfirio Diaz who were strongly influenced by positivist ideas

A

Cientificos

30
Q

Coffee estates that spread within interior of Brazil between 1840 and 1860

A

Led to intensification of slavery in Brazil

31
Q

Liberal politician and president of Argentine Republic from 1868 to 1874; author of Facundo

A

Domingo F. Sarmiento

spanish vocabulary (24 decks)

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