AP World vocab chapter 19 Flashcards
Leader of slave rebellion on the French island of St. Domingue in 1791 that led to the creation of independent republic of Haiti in 1804
Toussaint L’ouverture
Mexican priest who established independence movement among American Indians and mestizos in 1810; captured and executed
Father Miguel de Hidalgo
Conservative Creole officer in Mexican army who signed agreement with insurgent forces of independence; proclaimed emperor of Mexico until its collapse in 1824
Agustin de Iturbide
Creole military officer in northern South America; won series of victories in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador between 1817 and 1822, military success led to creation of independent state of Gran Colombia.
Simon Bolivar
Independent state created in South America as a result of military successes of Simon Bolivar; existed only until 1830, at which time Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador became separate nations.
Gran Colombia
Leader of the struggle for independence in southern South America; born in Argentina and helped to liberate Chile in 1817-1818
Jose de San Martin
Portuguese monarch who established seat of government in Brazil from 1808-1820
Joao VI
Son and successor of Joao VI in Brazil; became constitutional emperor of Brazil, aided in the declaration of Brazilian independence from Portugal in 1822.
Pedro 1
Mestizo general who established union of independent Peru and Bolivia between 1829 and 1839
Andres Santa Cruz
Independent leaders who dominated local areas by force in defiance of national policies
Caudillos
Latin American politicians who wished to create strong, centralized national governments
Centralists
Latin American politicians who wanted policies set by regional governments rather than centralized national administrations
Federalists
Strongman leader in Buenos Aires who restored local autonomy
Juan Manuel de Rosas
Seized power in Mexico after collapse of empire in 1824; defeated by Texans in war for independence
General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
American declaration stated in 1823; established that any attempt of a European country to colonize in the Americas would be considered an unfriendly act
Monroe Doctrine
Bird droppings utilized as fertilizer; exported from Peru as a major item of trade between 1850 and 1880, income from trade permitted end to American Indian tribute and abolition of slavery.
Guano
French philosophy based on observation and scientific approach to problems of society
Positivism
French philosopher; founder of positivism
Auguste Comte
Belief of the government of the United States that it was destined to rule the continent from coast to coast
Manifest Destiny
.Agreement that ended the Mexican-American War; provided for loss of Texas and California to the United States, left legacy of distrust of the United States in Latin America
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Left legacy of distrust of the United States in Latin America.
War fought between Mexico and the United States from 1846 to 1848, led to devastating defeat of Mexican forces, loss of about one-half of Mexico’s national territory to the US.
Mexican American War
Indian governor of state of Oaxaca in Mexico; leader of liberal rebellion against Santa Anna
Benito Juarez
The liberal rebellion of Benito Juarez against the forces of Santa Anna
La Reforma
Proclaimed Emperor Maximilian of Mexico following intervention of France in 1862
Maximilian Von Habsburg
Military general who served as authoritarian president of Mexico most years between 1876 and 1911
Porfirio Diaz
Replaced state of Buenos Aires in 1862; result of compromise between centralists and federalists
Argentine Republic
War fought between Spain and the United States beginning in 1898; centered on Cuba and Puerto Rico
Spanish-American War
An aspect of American intervention in Latin America; resulted from US support for a Panamanian independence movement, provided short route between Atlantic and Pacific oceans; completed in 1914.
Panama Canal
Advisors of government of Porfirio Diaz who were strongly influenced by positivist ideas
Cientificos
Coffee estates that spread within interior of Brazil between 1840 and 1860
Led to intensification of slavery in Brazil
Liberal politician and president of Argentine Republic from 1868 to 1874; author of Facundo
Domingo F. Sarmiento
