Chapter 28 AP World Vocab Flashcards
Founded as an independent nation in 1972; formerly East Pakistan
Bangladesh
Daughter of Jawaharial Nehru (no relation to Mahatma Gandhi); installed is a figurehead prime minister by the Congress Party bosses in 1966; a strong willed and astute politician who became a central figure in Indian politics
Indira Gandhi
First president of the Philippines post Marcos era in the late 80s; she served from 1986 to 1992; Aquino, whose husband was assassinated by thugs in the pay of the Marcos regime, was one of the key leaders in the popular movement that toppled the dictator
Corazon Aquino
One of Gandhi’s disciples; governed India after independence; committed to programs of social reforms and economic development; preserved civil rights and democracy
Jawaharlal Nehru
Twice prime minister of Pakistan in the 80s and 90s; first ran for office to avenge her father’s execution by the military clique then in power
Benazir Bhutto
An approach to religious belief and practice that stresses the literal interpretation of the texts sacred to the religion in question and the application of their precepts to all aspects of social life; increasingly associated with revitalist movements in a number of world religions, including Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Hinduism
religious revivalism
food or industrial crops for which there is a high demand in industrialized economies; prices of such products tend to fluctuate widely; typically the major exports of developing world economies
primary products
industrialized nations continued dominance of the world economy; ability of the industrialized nations to maintain economic colonialism without political colonialism
neocolonial economy
Took power in Egypt following a military coup in 1952; enacted land reforms and used state resources to reduce unemployment; ousted Britain from the Suez Canal zone in 1956
Gamal Abdel Nasser
Military nationalist movement in Egypt founded in the 1930s; often allied with the Muslim Brotherhood; led coup to seize Egyptian government from khedive in July 1952
Free Officers movement
Egyptian nationalist movement founded by Hasan al-Ranna in 1928; committed to fundamentalist movement in Islam; fostered strikes and urban riots against the khedival government
Muslim Brotherhood
Successor to Gamal Abdel Nasser as ruler of Egypt; acted to dismantle costly state programs; accepted peace treaty with Israel in 1973; opened Egypt to investment by Western nations
Anwar Sadat
President of Egypt from 1981 to 2011, succeeding Anwar Sadat and continuing Sadat’s policies of cooperation with the West
Hosni Mubarak
Introduction of improved seed strains, fertilizers, and irrigation, as a means of producing higher yields in crops such as rice, wheat, and corn; particularly important in the densely populated countries of Asia
Green Revolution
iReligious ruler of Iran following revolution of 1979 to expel the Pahlavi shah of Iran; emphasized religious purification; tried to eliminate Western influences and establish purely Islamic government
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
under apartheid, areas in South Africa designated for ethnolinguistic groups within the black African population; such areas tend to be overpopulated and poverty stricken
homelands
Black political organization within South Africa; pressed for end to policies of apartheid; sought open democracy leading to black majority rule; until the 1990s was declared illegal in South Africa
African National Congress
Black African leader who, along with Nelson Mandela, opposed apartheid system in South Africa
Walter Sisulu
Long-imprisoned leader of the African National Congress; worked with the ANC leadership and F.W de Klerk’s supporters to dismantle the apartheid system from the mid-1980s onward, in 1994, became the first black president of South Africa after the ANC won the first genuinely democratic election in the country’s history
Nelson Mandela
An organizer of Black Consciousness movement in South Africa, in opposition to apartheid, murdered while in police custody
Steve Biko
White South African president in the late 1980s and the early 1990s. Working with Nelson Mandela and the African National Congress, de Klerk helped to dismantle the apartheid system and opened the way for a democratically elected government that represented all South Africans for the first time
F.W de Klerk
