AP world chapter 22 Flashcards
Archduke and heir apparent to the austo-hungarian throne whose assasination in Sarajevo set in motion the events that started WW1
Franz Ferdinand
Administrative center of the Bosnian province of Austrian empire; assassination there of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 proved to be the spark that started WW1
Sarajevo
Front established in WW1; generally along line from Belgium to Swizterland; featured trench warfare and horrendous casualties for all sides in the conflict
Western Front
Tsar of Russia 1894-1917; forcefully suppressed political opposition and resisted constitutional government; deposed by revolution in 1917
Nicholas 2
Peninsula south of Instabul; site of decisive 1915 Turkish victory over Australian and New Zealand forces under British command during WW1
Gallipoli
Assault carried out by mainly Turkish military forces against the Armenian population in Anatolia in 1915; over a million Armenians perished, and thousands fled to Russia and the Middle East
Armenian genocide
Most mobile of the fronts established during WW1; after early successes, military defeats led to downfall of the tsarist government in Russia
Eastern Front
Nazi leader of Nazi Gernmany in 1933 until his suicide in 1945; created a strongly centralized state; elimated all rivals; launched Germany on aggressive foreign policy leading to WW2; responsible for genocide of European Jews
Adolf Hitler
French premier in the last years of WW1 during the Versailles Conference of 1919; pushed for heavy reparations from Germans
Georges Clemenceau
Prime minister of Great Britain who headed a coalition government through much of WW1 and the turbulent years that followed
David Lloyd George
Right of people in a region to choose their own political system and its leaders
self determination
International diplomatic and peace organization created in the Treaty of Versailles that ended WW1; one of the chief goals of President Woodrow Wilson of the United States in the peace negotiations; the United States was never a member
League of Nations
Grew out of regional associations of Western-educated Indians; originally centered in cities of Bombay, Poona, Calcutta,, and Madras; became political party in 1885; focus of nationalist movement in India; governed through the early decades of the postcolonial period
National Congress Party
Believed that nationalism in Idia should be based on appeals to Hindu religiousity; worked to promote the restoration and revival of ancient Hindua traditions; offended Muslims and other religious groups; first populist leader in Indian nationalist movement
B.G. Tilak
Provided educated Indians with considerably expanded opportunities to elect and serve on local and all-India legislative councils
Morley-Minto reforms
Increased the powers of Indian legislators at the all India level and placed much of the provincial administration of India under local ministries controlled y legislative bodies with substantial numbers of elected indians; passed in 1919
Montagu-Chelmsford reforms
Placed several restricitions on key Indian civil rights such as freedom of the press; acted to offset the concessions granted under Montagu-Chelmsford reforms of 1919
Rowlatt Act
Led sustained all India campaign for Independence from British Empire after WW1; stressed nonviolent but aggressive mass protest
Mohandas Gandhi
Literally, ‘truth force’; strategy of nonbiolent protest developed by Mohandas Gandhi and his followers in India; later deploted throught the colonized world and in the United States
Satyagraha
British consul-general in khedival Egypt from 1883-1907; pushed for economic reforms that reduced byt failed to eliminate the debts of the khedival regime
Lord Cromer
Class of prosperious business and professional urban families in khedival egypt; as a class generally favored Egpytian independence
effendi
Clash etween British soldiers and Egpytian villagers in 1906; arose over hunting accident along Nile River where the wife of a prayer leader of the mosque was accidentally shot by army officers hunting pigeons; led to Egyptian protest movement
Dinshawai incident
Aka Mustafa Kemal; leader of Turkish republic formed in 1923; reformed Turkish nation using Western models
Ataturk
Sharif of Mecca from 1908 to 1917; used British promise of independence to convince Arabs to support Britain against the Turks in WW1; angered by Britain’s failure to keep promises
Hussein
Governments entrusted to European nations in the Middle East in the aftermath of WW1; Britain and France assumed control in Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, and Palestine after 1922
Mandates
Movement originating in Eastern Europe during the 1860s and 1870s whose leaders argued that the Jews mmust return to a Middle Eastern Holy Land; eventually identified with the settlement of Palestine
zionism
british minster lord Balfour’s promise of support for the establishment of Jewish homeland in Palestine issued in 1917
Balfour Declaration
European Zionist who believed that Jewish assimilation into Christain European nations was impossible; argued for return to Middle Eastern Holy Land
Leon Pinkser
Austrian journalist and zionist; formed world zionist organization in 1897; promoted Jewish migration to Palestine and formation of a Jewish state
Theodor Herzl
French Jew falsely accused of passing miltary secrets to the Germans; his mistreatment and exile to Devil’s island provided a flashpoint for tears of bitter debate between the left and right in France
Alfred Dreyfus
Founded by Theodor Herzl to promote Jewish migration to and settlement in Palestine to form a Zionist state
World Zionist organization
