AP World Vocab Unit Test 4

Question 1

John Wycliffe:

Answer 1

English Protestant theologian, early critic of the Catholic Church in the 1300s (early reformer).

Question 2

Desiderius Erasmus:

Answer 2

Influential humanist scholar in Northern Europe, defined the humanist movement

Question 3

Thomas More:

Answer 3

Author of Utopia, refused to acknowledge Henry VIII as head of the Church of England, canonized in 1935.

Question 4

Martin Luther:

Answer 4

Monk who criticized Church practices (e.g., indulgences) with his 95 Theses in 1517 - he was originally a lawyer and got struck by lighting

Question 5

Baptists:

Answer 5

Emphasized baptism at a young age

Question 6

Methodism:

Answer 6

Focused on faith-based salvation.

Question 7

Anglicans:

Answer 7

Anglicans: Created for Henry VIII’s divorce.

Question 8

Anabaptists:

Answer 8

Advocated adult baptism and church-state separation.

Question 9

Ignatius of Loyola:

Answer 9

Founded the Jesuits to reclaim converts for the Catholic Church.

Question 10

Christine theological doctrine: Sola scriptura

Answer 10

Scripture alone

Question 11

Charles V,

Answer 11

ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, sought to suppress Lutheranism

Question 12

Frederick the Wise

Answer 12

protected Luther from the church

Question 13

Lutheranism:

Answer 13

rejected the centrality of priests, emphasizing the Bible as the true authority.

Question 14

Peace of Augsburg (1555)

Answer 14

allowed local rulers to decide whether their territories would follow Catholicism or Lutheranism, officially acknowledging the religious division.

Question 15

Jean Calvin/Calvinism

Answer 15

Calvinism emphasized predestination and theocracy, leading to strict regulation of citizens’ behaviors.

Question 16

Treaty of Westphalia (1648):

Answer 16

Recognized monarchs’ sovereignty, marking the birth of the modern nation-state.

Question 17

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 17

Advocated for a government separate from religion, supporting the idea of absolute monarchy and the nation-state.

Question 18

Thomas Hobbes saying

Answer 18

the life of man is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short

Question 19

Louis XIV

Answer 19

(“The Sun King”): Exemplified absolute monarchy, famously stating “L’état, c’est moi” (The state is me).

Question 20

Jean Baptiste Colbert:

Answer 20

Promoted mercantilism, focusing on exports and developing colonies for economic gain.

Question 21

Suleiman the Magnificent:

Answer 21

Leader of the Ottoman Empire at its peak.

Question 22

Elizabeth I:

Answer 22

The “Virgin Queen,” never married, and strengthened England’s power.
Tudor

Question 23

Frederick II:

Answer 23

Prussian king, militaristic and cultured, known for his strong army - played the flute
Hohenzollern

Question 24

Peter the Great:

Answer 24

Russian Czar who modernized Russia and expanded its territory - he was 7ft tall

Question 25

Catherine the Great:

Answer 25

Empress of Russia, enlightened supporter, and strong foreign policy advocate.
Married into the Romanov family

Question 26

Maria Theresa:

Answer 26

Habsburg Empress, skilled diplomat, and strategist who used marriage for political alliances.
Hagsburg

Question 27

Ferdinand Magellan:

Answer 27

Portuguese captain in Spanish service; began the first circumnavigation
of the globe in 1519; died during voyage; allowed Spain to claim possession of the Philippines.

Question 28

Vasco da Gama:

Answer 28

Portuguese mariner; first European to reach India by sea in 1498