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1st sem- 1BSA > UNSELF MIDTERMS PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL SELF > Flashcards

UNSELF MIDTERMS PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL SELF Flashcards

1
Q

The Beginning of life

(Carnegie Stages of Human development is by?)

A

by Dr. Mark Hill

Stage 1 (Zygote) - Stage 22 ( 54-58 days)

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2
Q

Prenatal Development
Enu. the stages

A
  1. Germinal Stage
  2. Embryonic Stage
  3. Fetal Stage
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3
Q
  • the first stage of prenatal
    development, during which the dividing mass of cells has not
    become implanted in the uterine wall.
  • Conception through implantation
  • Zygote (fertilized ovum or egg cell)
    divides and becomes implanted in the
    uterine wall.
A
  1. Germinal Stage
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4
Q

(fertilized ovum or egg cell)
divides and becomes implanted in the
uterine wall.

A

Zygote

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5
Q
  • The first two weeks after conception
  • The ________ spans the time
    from fertilization to implantation in
    the wall of the uterus.
  • For the first three or four days the
    mass of dividing cells moves about
    the uterus before implantation
A

GERMINAL STAGE

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5
Q

testes form and produce androgens

A

Y sex chromosome

  1. Embryonic Stage
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6
Q
  • Implantation until about 8th week
  • Major organ systems are formed
  • 5-6: nondescript
  • 7: Genetic code (XX or XY) causes sex organs to differentiate
  • Y sex chromosome – testes form and produce androgens
A
  1. Embryonic Stage
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7
Q
  1. Embryonic Stage

During the 4th week, a
________ begins to
beat and pump blood—in an organism that is one-fifth of an inch long.

A

primitive heart

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8
Q
  • The period of 2 to 8 weeks after
    conception.
  • Major organ systems begin to take
    shape, which is now called the
    embryo.
  • Nervous system, head and blood
    vessels form at this time as well
A
  1. Embryonic Stage
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9
Q
  • Major organ systems begin to take
    shape, which is now called the
    _______.
A

embryo

  1. Embryonic Stage
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10
Q
  1. Embryonic Stage
    * Embryo is suspended in _________ (a sac
    within the uterus that contains the embryo or
    fetus.
A

amniotic sac

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10
Q
  1. Embryonic Stage

At this midway point bet. conception and birth, the fetus is covered with fine, downy hair, called______

A

lanugo

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11
Q
  1. Embryonic Stage
    * Nutrients and wastes are exchanged with
    mother through ________ (a membrane that
    permits the exchange of nutrients and waste
    products between the mother and her
    developing child but does not allow the
    maternal and fetal bloodstreams to mix)
A

placenta

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11
Q
  1. Embryonic Stage

Embryo is connected to
placenta by _____ (a tube between
the mother and her
developing child
through which nutrients
and waste product are
conducted)

A

umbilical
cord

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12
Q
  • Beginning of third month until birth
  • Organ systems; fingers and toes ( 12th week)
  • Mid: 4th week: movements
  • 6th week: limbs
  • Characterized by maturation &
    gains in size
  • 5 ½ pounds (fetus)
  • 7 ½lbs (newborn boys)
  • 7 lbs (newborn girls)
A
  1. Fetal Stage
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13
Q
  1. Fetal Stage
    * The fetus reached the age of ______,
    where it could sustain life on its own
    outside of the womb
A

viability

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14
Q

Chromosomal abnormalities…
(COMMON DISORDERS)

*DOWN SYNDROME
* EDWARDS SYNDROME
* PATAU SYNDROME
*GENOTYPE XXY
*GENOTYPE X

A

*TRISOMY 21 -DOWN SYNDROME
* TRISOMY 18 - EDWARDS SYNDROME
* TRISOMY 13- PATAU SYNDROME
* KLINEFELTER SYNDROME - GENOTYPE XXY
*TURNER SYNDROME - GENOTYPE X

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15
Q

SEX CHROMOSOMES
XX is _____
XY is _____

A

XX is female
XY is male

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16
Q

THREATS TO PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT

  • __________is related to
    premature birth and low birth weight.
A

Maternal malnutrition

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17
Q

THREATS TO PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT

  • The risk of _______, a neural tube
    defect, can be reduced if vitamins
    containing folic acid are taken
    during pregnancy.
A

spina bifida

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18
Q

TERATOGENS
* Derived from the Greek word
teras, meaning “______.”

A

monster

19
Q

TERATOGENS
* Derived from the Greek word
teras, meaning “monster.”
* Can include;
* Certain drugs taken by the mother
* X-rays
* Environmental contaminants such as
lead and mercury
* Infectious organisms

A
20
Q

TERATOGENS
* Can include infectious diseases such as
_______, which can lead to serious birth
defects (heart disease, mental
retardation, deafness)
* ___________ can be passed from
mother to child during pregnancy.
* _____ can lead to liver damage,
impaired hearing & vision, and
deformities in teeth & bones

A
  • rubella
    **HIV/AIDS and syphilis
    ***Syphilis
21
Q
A
22
Q
A
23
Q

Maternal smoking has also been linked
to __________

A

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

24
Q

Can lead to miscarriage, premature
birth, low birth weight and increased
risk of infant mortality

A

SMOKING

25
Q

_______ is also the leading cause of
mental retardation (facial deformities,
underdeveloped upper jaw, widely
spaced eyes).

A

Alcohol

-* There is no established “safe” limit for
alcohol use during pregnancy

25
Q

___________use can lead to fetal
alcohol syndrome (FAS).

A

Maternal alcohol

26
Q

Any _____ used during pregnancy,
whether legal or illicit, or any medication, whether prescribed or
bought over the counter can potentially harm the fetus

A

drug

  • Pregnant women should consult their doctors before taking any medication!
27
Q

Teratogens are

A
  1. Smoking
  2. Alcohol
  3. Drugs
28
Q

Think about doing things in three areas:

A
  • Aerobic activity
  • Muscle strength
  • Stretching
29
Q
  • Study of individuals as they interact with others.
A

Social Psychology

by (Lahey,
2007)

30
Q

basically is about understanding
individual behavior in a social context,
particularly in terms of interactions and
relationships.

A

Social Psychology

31
Q

Social Psychology
basically is about understanding
individual behavior in a social context,
particularly in terms of __________ and
____________.

A

interactions and
relationships

32
Q

______________mutual & reciprocal
exchange of communication or action
between two or more persons or
groups.

A

Interaction

33
Q

____________a particular way by which two or
more individuals, groups, or even countries, talk
to, behave toward, or deal with each other.
There exist a connection, kinship, or attachment
attributable to several factors such as common
interests and goals, which lead to a mutual
bond.

A

Relationship

34
Q

In psychology, this refers to forming
impressions and making judgments about
another person’s likability after your first
meeting; formed with bias based on past
experiences and with little conscious
thought.

A

Person perception

35
Q

spoken and unspoken rules on how to behave
in a particular social group or culture.

A

Social norms

36
Q

__________provide order in society. It is difficult to see how
human society could operate without social norms. Human
beings need norms to guide and direct their behavior, to
provide order and predictability in social relationships and
to make sense of and understanding of each other’s actions.

A

Norms

37
Q

In social situations where people work and
do things together for a single purpose or
goal, two things may transpire: (a) __________ or (b) ___________.

A

(a) social
facilitation or (b) social loafing.

38
Q

occurs when the performance of each
individual member of the group is
enhanced in value or quality; made better.

A

Social Facilitation

39
Q

. a phenomenon where individuals tend
to become less motivated and expend less
e f fo r t w h e n wo r k i n g c o l l e c t i ve l y
compared to when working alone.

A

Social Loafing

40
Q

Yielding to group pressure to act
as everyone does, even when
no direct request has been
made.

A

Conformity

41
Q

Factors that effect conformity

A
  1. Size of the group:
  2. Unanimous groups
  3. Culture:
  4. Gender:
42
Q

Factors that effect conformity

-the more people are in a group,
the more likely a member tends to conform.

A

Size of the group:

43
Q

Factors that effect conformity

  • conformity is highest when an
    individual faces a group in which all members feel
    the same way about a topic, a problem, or an issue
A

Unanimous groups

44
Q

Factors that effect conformity

-conformity occurs in all cultures, however, some
cultures emphasize the welfare of an individual; thus, people
are less conforming. Others focus on collective welfare so
people tend to be more conforming. A high degree of
conformity leads to faster accomplishments of a task or
work

A

Culture:

45
Q

Factors that effect conformity

  • in the past, females were more likely to conform than
    males, but research has shown that it is no longer the case
A

Gender

46
Q

__________among members in social groups is very
high. However, individuals are not always expected
to surrender to the pressure just to conform.
* The decision to succumb to group pressure should
be based on something that will not put you at a
position of disadvantage

A

Conformity

47
Q
  • Study of how thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and
    behaviors are influenced by the presence of, or
    interactions with, others.
A

Social Psychology
(Plotnik & Kouyoumdjian, 2014)

48
Q
  • Study of the effect of social factors on individual
    behavior, attitudes, perceptions, and motives.
A

Social Psychology
by (Gerrig &
Zimbardo, 2002)

1st sem- 1BSA (27 decks)

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