Unself(1) Flashcards
Being yourself is the prettiest thing a person can do
“Knowing
yourself is the
beginning of
all wisdom”
Aristotle
“Knowing others is
intelligence; knowing
yourself is true wisdom.
Mastering others is
strength; mastering
yourself is true power”
Lao Tzu
Prior the birth of science, __________was man’s main tool in investigating
and understanding the self [and the
world].
Philosophy
“The unexamined life is
not worth living. . .
“
Socrates
Core of Socratic ethics
*Concept of virtue and knowledge
Virtue-deepest and most basic propensity [strong
natural tendency to do something] of man
Self-knowledg e- is
the source of all
wisdom
“It is a crime against
dignity to use others for
external purpose. . .”
Immanuel Kant
“The first and greatest
victory is to conquer
yourself . . .
“
Plato
“Cogito,ergo sum . . .
“
Rene Descartes
“I never can catch myself
at any time without a
perception. . .”
David Hume
*what we call the self is really just “a bundle or collection of
different perceptions which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity.
“Cogito,ergo sum . . .
“
Give the english version
I think, therefore I am
“No man’s knowledge can
go beyond his
experience…
“
John Locke
*Conscious awareness and memory of previous
experiences are the keys to understanding the self
6 Philosophers we tackled in Philosophical view of self
Socrates
Plato
Immanuel Kant
Rene Descartes
John Locke
David Hume
“God created man in His image; in the divine image He
created him; male and female He created them. God
blessed them, saying, “Be fertile and multiply; fill the earth
and subdue it. Have dominion over the fish and the sea,
the birds in the air, and all the living things that move on
the earth.”
Genesis 1:24-28
“The measure of love is to love without measure. . .”
St. Augustine of Hippo
f a t h e r o f
psychoanalysis, he believed the
unconscious mind shaped
personality
Sigmund Freud
1856-1939
The most
controversial part of Sigmund Freud work
Theory of psychosexual development
Freud proposed a ________ of the mind which describes its
structure and function.
Topographical model (1900,1905
Freud’s iceberg
analogy depicts three levels:
(1) the
conscious
(2) the preconscious or
subconscious, and
(3) the unconscious
According to Freud, the third level___________is the most significant
region of the mind which houses
mental processes that constitute most
of an individual’s behavior
Unconscious
His psychoanalysis technique was
designed to make the unconscious
conscious
Sigmund Freud
Freud later developed a more structural
model of the mind or psyche consisting of
three entities: (1)
_______, (2) ______, and (3) _________ ; collectively, referred to as the ____________
- Id
- Ego
- Superego
*Psychic Apparatus
is responsible for our biological instincts or
drives (pleasure principle)
Id (From unconscious level)
is responsible
for satisfying the demands of the id, but in a safe and socially acceptable manner
(reality principle)
Ego (Operating in both the conscious and
unconscious levels)
ensures that morality is
followed (morality principle)
Superego
5 STAGES OF FREUD’S THEORY OF PSYCHOSEXUAL
DEVELOPMENT
- Oral Stage
- Anal Stage
- Phallic Stage
- Latent Stage
- Genital Stag
___________ or sexual energy,
accumulating in the id
Libido
Libido is released through activities
specific to________, distinct in
every phase of our psychosexual
development
erogenous zones
Tension from
buildup of this sexual energy causes__________. To avoid or resolve________, our
libido must be released as we mature
biologically
conflict
- Birth to 1 year
- Erogenous zone: mouth
- Libidinal discharge: tasting,
biting, sucking, breastfeeding,
swallowing, etc. - Id is present at birth
- Fixation cause: forceful
feeding, deprivation, early
weaning
- Oral Stage
Unsatisfied or overly satisfied libido
cause ________, which may then lead to
some obsessive and unhealthy aspects
of personality
fixation
- Oral Stage
- Birth to ______
- Erogenous zone: _______
- Libidinal discharge: tasting,
_______, sucking, ________,
swallowing, etc. - _____ is present at birth
- Fixation cause: forceful
feeding, _________, early
weaning
*1
* mouth
* biting, breastfeeding
* Deprivation
- 1 to 3 years
- Erogenous zone: anus
- Libidinal discharge:
withholding or expelling feces - Ego has developed from id
- Fixation cause: too harsh or
too lax in toilet training
- Anal Stage
- ANAL STAGE
- Age?
- Erogenous zone: _____
- Libidinal discharge:
withholding or ____________
- ______ has developed from id
- Fixation cause: __________ or ___________
*1-3 years
*Anus
* Expelling feces
*Ego
*too harsh or
too lax in toilet training
What is the first stage in Psychosexual Development?
- Oral stage
- 3 to 6 years
- Erogenous zone: penis/clitoris
- Libidinal discharge:
masturbation - Superego develops
- Fixation cause: abnormal
family setup leading to unusual
relationship with mother/father
- Phallic Stage
- PHALLIC STAGE
- Age?
- Erogenous zone: __________
- Libidinal discharge:
_______________
- _________ develops
- Fixation cause: abnormal
family setup leading to unusual
relationship with mother/father
*3-6 years old
*Penis/Clitoris
*masturbation
*superego
What is the last stage of psychosexual development?
- Genital stage
- 6 years to puberty
- Erogenous zone: none
- Libidinal discharge: little to no
sexual motivation present - Sexual energy is repressed;
you spend more time with
peers, engaging in hobbies,
and acquiring skills
- Latent Stage
What is the second stage in Psychosexual Development?
- Anal Stage
- Latent Stage
- 6 years to _________
- Erogenous zone: none
- Libidinal discharge: little to no
sexual motivation present
- Sexual energy is _________;
you spend more time with
peers, engaging in hobbies,
and acquiring skills
- puberty
*Sexual energy is repressed;
Puberty onward
- Erogenous zone: penis/vagina
- Libidinal discharge: coitus
- Sexual energy is reawakened
and you begin to develop
strong sexual interest toward
others
- GENITAL STAGE
Examples of Oral Fixations?
- smoking
- gum-chewing
- nail-biting
Examples of Anal Fixations?
- orderliness
- obsessiveness
- rigidity
Examples of Phallic Fixations?
- Vanity
- Exhibitionism
- pride
What is the theory of Erik Erikson?
THEORY ON
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
He coin the phrase
“identity crisis,” argued that
p e r s o n a l i t y d e v e l o p s i n a
predetermined order through
eight stages of psychosocial
development
Erik Erikson
This theory involves psychological
needs of the individual conflicting
with the needs of society
Psychosocial Development Theory
Erik Erikson
1902-1994
Erik Erikson adopted Sigmund Freud’s
controversial psychosexual theory and
expanded it into an _____-stage
psychosocial theory of development.
eight
What are the 8 stages of psychosocial Development theory?
- Trust vs. Mistrust
- Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
- Initiative vs. Guilt
- Industry vs. Inferiority
- Identity vs. Role Confusion
- Intimacy vs. Isolation
- Generativity vs. Stagnation
- Integrity vs. Despair
- Success in this stage will lead to
the virtue of hope
(PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)
1) TRUST VS.
MISTRUST
- 0 to 18 months
- If you receive consistent,
predictable and reliable care
during this stage, you will develop
trust. - If the care is inconsistent,
unpredictable and unreliable, you
may develop a sense of mistrust,
suspicion, and anxiety. - Success in this stage will lead to
the virtue of hope
(PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)
- Trust vs. Mistrust
- 3 to 5 years
- Central to this stage is play, as it
provides you an opportunity to
explore interpersonal skills by
initiating activities. - If your sense of initiative is
hindered by either criticism or
excessive parental control, you’ll
develop a sense of guilt. - Success in this stage will lead to
the virtue of purpose
INITIATIVE VS.
GUILT
Key Development for Trust vs Mistrust?
MOTHER who nurture
- Provide opportunities to be independent
- learn things on their own (toilet trainings, what clothes they want to wear)
(PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)
2) AUTONOMY VS.
SHAME & DOUBT
Dependent for care to others
(PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)
1) TRUST VS.
MISTRUST
Key Development for AUTONOMY VS.
SHAME & DOUBT?
Both Parents
Key Development for INITIATIVE VS.
GUILT?
Entire Family
Success in this stage will lead to
the virtue of purpose
(PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)
3) INITIATIVE VS.
GUILT
Success in this stage will lead to
the virtue of will
(PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)
2) AUTONOMY VS.
SHAME & DOUBT
5 to 13 years
- You start to develop self-esteem by
demonstrating capabilities valued
by others, giving you a sense of
accomplishment and pride.
- If restricted or discouraged, you
might doubt your own abilities and
grow feeling inferior.
- Success in this stage will lead to
the virtue of competence
4) INDUSTRY VS.
INFERIORITY
- We developed interest
- Learning to win recognition
-confidence in their ability to achieve goals - Hang-out with friends
(PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)
4) INDUSTRY VS.
INFERIORITY
-Friends became important in this stage.
- School Age
(PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)
4) INDUSTRY VS.
INFERIORITY
13 to 21 years
- You are supposed to achieve a
reintegrated sense of self, of what
you want to do or become, and of
your preferred sex role.
- Not knowing what you want and
failing to establish a sense of
identity within society can cause
role confusion.
- Success in this stage will lead to
the virtue of fidelity.
5) IDENTITY VS.
ROLE CONFUSION
Enumeration:
Three usual mental illnesses/ problems faced during IDENTITY VS.
ROLE CONFUSION stage
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Suicide
Success in this stage will lead to
the virtue of fidelity.
(PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)
5) IDENTITY VS.
ROLE CONFUSION
Success in this stage will lead to
the virtue of competence.
(PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)
4) INDUSTRY VS.
INFERIORITY
- 21 to 39 years
- You are mature enough to share
yourself more intimately with
others, exploring relationships that
may lead to commitment. - Avoiding intimacy, fearing
commitment and relationships can
lead to isolation, loneliness, and
sometimes depression. - Success in this stage will lead to
the virtue of love
6) INTIMACY VS.
ISOLATION
Success in this stage will lead to
the virtue of love.
(PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)
6) INTIMACY VS.
ISOLATION
- Exploring relations( friendship, love, marriage, and sexual intimacy
((PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)
6) INTIMACY VS.
ISOLATION
-40 to 65 years
- At this stage, you are ready to
make a mark on the world by
creating or nurturing things that
will outlast you.
- If you fail to find a way to
contribute to society, you become
stagnant and feel unproductive.
- Success in this stage will lead to
the virtue of care
7) GENERATIVITY VS.
STAGNATION
Fuse your identity without the fear of losing something within you
(PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)
6) INTIMACY VS.
ISOLATION
- Success in this stage will lead to
the virtue of care
(PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)
7) GENERATIVITY VS.
STAGNATION
-comfortable, parenting( They like to be busy all the time)
-make a mark on the world
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
7) GENERATIVITY VS.
STAGNATION
-65 years onward
- You have reached the point where
acceptance of your life and
everything that you have done
gives you a sense of coherence
and wholeness.
- If you see yourself as a failure, you
will experience feelings of
bitterness and despair.
- Success in this stage will lead to
the virtue of wisdom.
8) INTEGRITY VS.
DESPAIR
Success in this stage will lead to
the virtue of wisdom.
(PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)
8) INTEGRITY VS.
DESPAIR
_____________refers to the anxiety or fear experienced by a young boy that his genitals will be removed as punishment for his forbidden desires, particularly the desire for his mother.
(Phallic Stage)
(PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT)
Castration anxiety
____________is a theory in Freudian psychoanalytic theory that proposes that very young girls feel deprived and envious that they do not have a penis. (Phallic Staage)
(PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT)
Penis envy
