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United States Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Name the 5 large AVAs of California?

A
  • North Coast
  • Central Coast
  • South Coast
  • SF Bay
  • Sierra Foothills
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2
Q

How many AVA’s are in Napa?

A

16

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3
Q

what mountains border Napa?

A

Mayacamas & Vaca

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4
Q

what are the soil types of Napa?

A

Diverse: volcanic, alluvial, maritime: gravel loam, dense clay, thin & rocky on hillsides

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5
Q

what is the southernmost AVA in Napa?

A

Carneros

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6
Q

What is the northernmost AVA of Napa?

A

Calistoga

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7
Q

Name the mountain AVA’s of Napa:

A
  • Mt. Veeder
  • Diamond Mountain District
  • Spring Mountain District
  • Atlas Peak
  • Howell Mountain

-vineyards are west facing & start at 1400 ft.

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8
Q

what is the coolest & wettest AVA in Napa?

A

Howell Mountain

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9
Q

what style of wine is valley floor from Napa?

A

More elegant & supple than Mtn fruit, w less intensity of color

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10
Q

what style of wine is typical for Carneros?

A

Pinot Noir & Chardonnay for sparkling or still wine production

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11
Q

What AVAs are Valley floor in Napa?

A
  • Yountville
  • Oakville
  • Stag’s Leap District
  • Calistoga
  • St. Helena
  • Rutherford
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12
Q

how many AVA’s are in Sonoma

A

18

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13
Q

what is the coldest AVA in Sonoma?

A

Sonoma Coast with altitude, cold ocean air, & persistent fog keep temperatures down

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14
Q

what style of wine is RRV

A

more fruit driven Chardonnay & Pinot Noir, however the climate may be better suited towards Rhone Varieties & Zinfandel

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15
Q

what type of soil is in RRV

A

fertile alluvial soil, also with Goldrige sandy loam

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16
Q

Where is Green Valley?

A

AVA Within RRV, known for Goldridge soil, persistent morning fog, & cooler temperatures

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17
Q

what is the warmest AVA in sonoma county

A

Knights Valley

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18
Q

what are the warmer AVAs in Sonoma County?

A

Alexander Valley, Rockpile, Dry Creek, Knights Valley

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19
Q

what varieties are common in Alexander Valley & Knights Valley?

A

Bordeaux varieties due to the gravelly soil

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20
Q

what AVAs in Sonoma are known for Zinfandel?

A

Dry Creek & Rockpile

they create powerful expressions of Zinfandel & are often aged in New French/American oak

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21
Q

what AVA is situated b/w the Mayacams & Sonoma Mtns?

A

Sonoma Valley AVA & is parallel to Napa

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22
Q

what Sonoma AVA prefers Merlot over Cab Sauv?

A

Bennett Valley, NW AVA is too cool to ripen Cab Sauv

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23
Q

what AVA was in 2017 & is known for its Wind & Fog?

A

Petaluma Gap, known for Pinot Noir, Chardonnay & cool climate Syrah

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24
Q

name the AVA’s in Mendocino

A
  • Anderson Valley
  • Potter Valley
  • Redwood Valley
  • McDowell Valley
  • Yorkville Highlands
  • Cole Ranch
  • Mendocino Ridge (part of it)
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25
Q

what is the smallest AVA in America?

A

Cole Ranch in Mendocino County, with one single vineyard Cole Ranch

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26
Q

what AVA in Mendocino is essentially a monopole?

A

McDowell Valley, owned my McDowell Valley Vineyards

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27
Q

describe Anderson Valley AVA in Mendocino County?

A
  • one of America’s coolest climates

- ocean air & fog trail inland from the Navarro River & framed by steep hills

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28
Q

what AVA did Louis Roederer establish its American operations?

A

Anderson Valley AVA

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29
Q

where is the Central Coast AVA located?

A

spans from SF Bay all the way down to Santa Barbara

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30
Q

Name some of the regions in the Central Coast CA AVA?

A
  • Santa Cruz Mountains AVA
  • Monterey AVA
  • Santa Lucia Highlands AVA
  • San Luis Opisbo
  • Santa Barbara
  • Santa Maria Valley AVA
  • Santa Ynez Valley AVA
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31
Q

where is the Monte Bello vineyard?

A

Owned by Ridge, it is located int he Santa Cruz Mountain AVA

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32
Q

what soil type is common in SLO & Santa Barbara?

A

limestone & calcareous soil;

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33
Q

what direction are the Santa Maria Valley AVA & Santa Ynez Valley AVA?

A

parallel to the coast

34
Q

what has the longest growing season in CA?

A

Santa Barbara

35
Q

where is CA bulk wine produced?

A

hot & arid Central Valley, irrigation is essential

36
Q

what is the largest & most important AVA in the Central Valley AVA in CA?

A

Lodi

-accounts for 20% of CA production

37
Q

describe Lodi

A
  • slightly cooler than the Central Valley due to a gap that pulls in cool air from the SF Bay
  • can have up to 45 degree diurnal shifts
  • has 7 AVAs
38
Q

where is the Sierra Foothills AVA located?

A

East of Sacramento & Lodi

-prior gold rush territory

39
Q

what is the style of wine from the Sierra Foothills

A

chewy, spicy Zinfandel is typical style

-temperature depends on the altitude

40
Q

where is viticulture mostly found in WA?

A

East of the Cascade Mountains

41
Q

what is the climate of WA?

A

true continental, rain shadow effect from the cascade Mtns. causing only 6-12 inches of rainfall per year. Due to northernly latitude it gets plenty of sunshine for a long growing season

42
Q

what is the main soil type in WA?

A

basalt

43
Q

what is the largest AVA in WA?

A

Columbia Valley AVA

44
Q

What was the first WA AVA?

A

Yakima Valley in 1983

45
Q

Name a few of WA AVA?

A
  • Columbia Valley
  • Yakima Valley
  • Walla Walla Valley
  • Horse Heaven Hills
46
Q

name the 5 AVA within Yakima Valley AVA?

A
  • Snipes Mountain
  • Rattlesnake Hills
  • Red Mountain
  • Candy Mountain
  • Goose Gap
47
Q

describe Rattlesnake Hills AVA within Yakima Valley?

A
  • high elevation vineyards ranging from 850-3,000 feet
  • planted along ridges & terraces
  • merlot is most common variety, following by Cab SAuv
48
Q

describe Red Mountain AVA within Yakima Valley

A
  • steep south-facing slope rather than an actual mountian
  • desert-like climate
  • 5 inches of rainfall per year
  • WA warmest growing region & most densely planted
  • mostly Cab Sauv
49
Q

what is WA warmest growing region?

A

Red Mountain AVA within Yakima Valley

50
Q

what states share Walla Walla Valley?

A

WA & OR

51
Q

what is the soil of Walla Walla Valley?

A

-basalt bedrock & thin alluvial topsoil deposited by the Missoula Flood & loess everywhere

52
Q

what are the main wines of Walla Walla Valley?

A
  • Chardonnay & Riesling
  • Cab Sauv, Merlot & Syrah
  • Merlot here is distinctively full, sweet & Luscious but most producers believe Cab is the future
53
Q

where is most wine making regions of OR located?

A

PNW, located b/w Coast Range & Cascade Mountains

54
Q

Name the major AVA’s of OR?

A
  • Willamette Valley
  • Columbia Gorge
  • Columbia Valley
  • Walla Walla Valley (shared w WA)
  • The Rocks of Milton-Freewater
55
Q

how many Sub AVAs are in Willamette Valley AVA?

A

10

56
Q

Name 6 major AVA of Willamette Valley?

A
  • Dundee Hills
  • Eola-Amitty Hills
  • Ribbon Ridge
  • McMinnville
  • Yamhill-Carlton District
  • Chehalem Mountains
57
Q

when did The Rocks of Milton-Freewater become an AVA?

A

2015, named after a topsoil of basalt cobblestones that draws comparisons to the galets of CDP, producers are just beginning to explore Rhone style wines here

58
Q

name a few of the founders of Willamette Valley?

A

David Lett, Charles Coury, Dick Erath, Dick Ponzi in the 1960s

59
Q

Describe the style of wine of the Willamette Valley?

A
  • steppingstone b/w CA & Cote d’Or

- lighter in style & earthier than CA yet riper & more forward than FR

60
Q

what is the climate of the Willamette Valley?

A

cool temperate climate

61
Q

what soil type is Jory & where is it?

A
  • well-drained volcanic soil

- common in the “red hills” of the Dundee Hills AVA w/in the Willamette Valley

62
Q

what AVAs are directly impacted by the Pacific winds causing a more tannic style of Pinot Noir in the Willamette Valley?

A

McMinnvile & Eola-Amitty Hills

-winds are funneled through there Van Duzer Corridor, a gap in the Coastal Mtns

63
Q

what are some of the coolest vineyards in Willamette Valley?

A

Chehalem Mtns AVA, due to North-facing sites

64
Q

what is the most planted grape in NY?

A

Concord & only 1/3 of it goes towards wine production

65
Q

Name two sacramental wineries in NY?

A

Manischewitz & Mogen David

-wines are made from NY Concord

66
Q

Describe hybrid varieties in NY

A

Vitis Labrusca & Vitis Aestivalis are native to NY & are naturally adapted to the harsh winter climates

67
Q

what do some winemakers do to help prevent freezing in NY?

A

some winegrowers bury their vineyards in the coldest months to avoid vine death

68
Q

who helped develop NY’s wine scene for vinifera varieties?

A

Dr. Konstantin Frank of Vinifera Wine Cellars

-worked to understand the potential of vinifera & champion Riesling specifically

69
Q

how much do the Finger Lakes AVA contribute to NY Wine?

A

90% of production

70
Q

describe the climate of the Finger Lakes AVA?

A

vineyards benefit from the lake effect, where the water moderates temperatures

71
Q

what are the two deepest finger lakes?

A

Seneca Lake & Cayuga (each have their own AVA)

72
Q

name a few of the AVAs in NY?

A
  • Finger Lakes
  • Long Island
  • Hudson River Region
73
Q

what is the general style of wine for the Finger Lakes?

A

Riesling, made across sweetness spectrum & at best can challenge German examples

74
Q

who planted the first vines in Mexico?

A

Hernán Cortés in 1521, defeated the Aztec Empire & planted 1,000 vines for each native slave in the new territory

75
Q

what grape was used in Mexico for sacramental wine?

A

Listan Prieto, aka Mission

76
Q

who planted the firs vines in Baja California?

A

1701 Juan Ugarte

77
Q

does Mexico have any viticulture regulations

A

no

78
Q

what is the most important winemaking state in Mexico?

A

Baja California

79
Q

what is the climate of Baja Climate

A
  • martime- influenced with a Mediterranean climate

- 400m above sea level & 25km from the Pacific Ocean

80
Q

what is the largest winery in Mexico

A

L.A. Cetto

81
Q

name three wine producing states of Mexico

A
  • Baja
  • Coahuila
  • Queretaro

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