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Germany Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

anbaugebit

A

1 of 13 major wine regions

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2
Q

bereich

A

area within a wine region

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3
Q

gemeinde

A

local community or village

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4
Q

einzellage

A

single vineyard

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5
Q

grosslage

A

a collection of vineyard sites of differing quality under one collective name

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6
Q

steillage

A

“steep site” a term typically applied to an incline greater than 30%

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7
Q

sonnenuhr

A

“sundial” vineyards

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8
Q

winzer

A

winegrower

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9
Q

kloster

A

“cloister” “monastery”

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10
Q

fuder

A

traditional 1,000 liter cask

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11
Q

stück

A

traditional 1,200 liter cask, a shortened form of stückfass

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12
Q

edelfäule

A

the noble form of Botrytis cinerea, a fungus that concentrates grapes but can lead to gray rot

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13
Q

alte rebe

A

“old vine”

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14
Q

trocken

A

“dry” wines with up to 9 grams per liter of RS

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15
Q

sekt

A

sparkling wine

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16
Q

Prädikat

A

classification system based on must weight of grapes at harvest

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17
Q

Grosse Lage

A

a single site (einzellage) of top ranking, as designated by the VDP

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18
Q

Erste Lage

A

Premier Cru wine site, as designated bu the VDP

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19
Q

Who planted grapevines in the first century?

A

Romans!

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20
Q

How did the 1971 laws affect the industry?

A
  • set out to combat problems of modernization but ended up tarnishing the industry’s reputation
  • created anbaugebiete, equivalent to AOC
  • these laws also prioritized ripeness levels above all else
  • individual vineyards were also consolidated
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21
Q

Why & when was the VDP created

A

to rectify the name confusion by reclassifying the original top vineyard areas as Grosse Lagen in order to recognize their prestige

  • 1910
  • peer based group
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22
Q

Sekt winemaking

A
  • been produced since 1826
  • high quality
  • Riesling (lower end), Chardonnay & Pinot-Noir
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23
Q

Winzersekt

A
  • single vintage sparkling wine & made in traditional method

- minimum of 9 months aging on the lees before disgorgement

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24
Q

who is credited with creating the first Spätlese

A

Schloss Johannisberg

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25
Q

What are the 9 essential WHITE grapes of Germany

A 
Riesling
Müller-Thurgau
Grauburgunder
Weissburgunder
Silvaner
Scheurebe
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26
Q

grau

A

gray

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27
Q

weiss

A

white

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28
Q

spät

A

late

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29
Q

burgunder

A

from burgundy

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30
Q

auslese

A

chosen

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31
Q

lese

A

harvest

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32
Q

beere

A

berry

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33
Q

What are the 3 essential RED grapes

A

Spätburgunder
Dornfelder
Lemberger

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34
Q

General climate

A
  • NW section is modestly influenced by the Atlantic Ocean & North Sea
  • S & E areas are generally more continental
  • SE has an abundance of rivers & mountains that offer ideal aspects, prolonged sunlight & moderate temps
  • Northernmost vineyards represent the extremes of viticulture in the Northern Hemisphere
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35
Q

What are the biggest viticulture challenge in Germany?

A
  • Spring frost

- reliable conditions resulting from the river systems, which can encourage Botrytis

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36
Q

How many anbaugebiete are there in Germany?

A

13

37
Q

What are the three main soil types in Germany?

A

Devonian Slate
Rotliegend
Loess

38
Q

Describe Devonian slate

A
  • igneous rock soils
  • friable, low in nutrients, retains heat, well-draining, resistant to phylloxera
  • coveted for growling Riesling
  • Found in Mosel & Ahr
39
Q

Describe Rotliegend

A
  • red slate or sandstone
  • well-draining, retains heat
  • found in Mosel, Rheinhessen, & Pfalz
40
Q

Describe Loess

A
  • wind-blown deposits of various degraded soil types
  • well-draining, low in nutrients, fine in texture
  • found in Rheinhessen. Nahe, Baden & Franken
41
Q

What is Landwein

A

-85% of grapes must be harvested from 1 out of 26 delimited regions

42
Q

What are the three tiers of the PDO system

A
  • Qualitätswein
  • Qualitätswein Erstes Gewächs
  • Prädikatswein
43
Q

Describe Qualitätswein

A
  • wine made from a single anbaugebiet made from approved varieties
  • no chaptalization is allowed
44
Q

Describe Qualitätswein Erstes Gewäches

A
  • established in 1999, limited to classified Riesling & Spätburgunder from the Rheingau
  • distinct from the VDP’s categories
45
Q

Describe Prädikatswein

A
  • categorized based on grape ripeness at harvest
  • measured by Oechsle (must weight)
  • 6 levels of ripeness
46
Q

What are the 6 levels of Prädikatswein ripeness & must weight

A
  1. Kabinett (70-85)
  2. Spätlese “Late Harvest” (76-95)
  3. Auslese “Selected Harvest” (83-105)
  4. Beerenauslese “Selective Berry Harvest” (110-128)
  5. Eiswein “Ice Wine” (110-128)
  6. Trockenbeerenauslese “Dried selective berry harvest” (150-154)
47
Q

What do Asterisks after vineyard names mean

A

wine is of greater ripeness than the stated Prädikat, with each additional star (up to three) indicating more ripeness

48
Q

Goldkapsel

A

the unofficial way winemakers use to show high or special quality, with a longer gold capsules.
-generally used for Auslese Pradikat that would typically show higher must weights than stated

49
Q

What are the four tiers of VDP & describe them

A

Gutswein: Regional wines sourced from a single anbaugebiet

Ortswein: Village wines from one gemeinde (village)

Erste Lage: 1er cru wines form approved sites

Grosse Lage: Grand cru wines from approved sites

50
Q

Difference between Grosse Lage & grosselage

A

Grosse Lagen is an individual high-quality vineyard while grosslage is a collective vineyard, no quality implied

51
Q

Is VDP, Grosse Lagen dry or sweet

A

Always dry, maximum of 9 g/l of RS

52
Q

How will Grosse Lage be identified on the label

A

By vineyard name alone

53
Q

What is the logo of the VDP

A

Eagle

54
Q

Who is the IRF

A

International Riesling Foundation

55
Q

Why was the IRF created

A
  • to dispel confusion around sweetness

- a sweetness scale was developed for producers for the back label

56
Q

In general what is the Mosel known for?

A

pure, light, low ABV Riesling

57
Q

What course does the Mosel river take?

A

Begins at the Vosges Mountains in France, flows eastward into Germany (merges with tributaries, Saar & Ruwer), then merges with the Rhine river

58
Q

Name the 6 Bereiche in the Mosel

A 
Bernkastel
Burg Cochem
Saar
Ruwertal
Obermosel 
Moseltor
59
Q

What is the largest of the Bereiche in the Mosel

A

Bernkastel, most of the greatest gemeinden & einzellagen are located here

60
Q

What soils dominate the Mosel?

A

dark blue Devonian slate, well drained & phylloxera resistant

main challenge is erosion as slate can slide to the bottom of the slope, forcing winegrowers to physically carry it back up the hill

61
Q

What is the aspect like of most Mosel vineyards

A

Extremely steep, southward-facing slopes. Impossible to mechanically harvest & cable systems are often employed to enable workers to traverse the cliff-side

62
Q

Name the two tributaries of the Mosel

A

Saar & Ruwer

63
Q

Where are the best vineyards planted in the Mosel?

A

Middle Mosel

64
Q

Why is Riesling the dominant grape in Mosel?

A

-High tolerance to cold

65
Q

Describe Mosel growing cycle?

A
  • 30-50% longer than growing regions further south
  • Riesling develops high phenolic ripeness
  • thick skins & aromatics are well suited to botrytis
66
Q

What is the classic style of the Mosel?

A

Prädikat wines with RS

67
Q

How does the Mosel River moderate the vineyards along its slopes?

A
  • Mitigates frost
  • Mellows diurnal shifts
  • bounces like back onto the vineyard to aid in ripening
68
Q

What Bereich is home to the regions most famous producers & bulk of Mosel Production?

A

Bernkastel

69
Q

What are the top three bereiche of Mosel?

A

Bernakastel, Ruwertal, Saar

-Highest concentration of top sites & producers

70
Q

What were Blue Nun & Liebfraulmich wine

A

Poor quality sweet wines that tarnished Germanys reputation

71
Q

What is Grosse Gewaches? Can it be on labels?

A
  • Dry, hand-harvested only wines
  • legally “trocken” level with no more than 9 g/l of sugar
  • only GG state on Label as Grosses Gewachs is not legally allowed
  • VDP rule
72
Q

where is the Rheingau located

A
  • Along the Rhine River on the Northern Bank with vineyards facing SouthEast
  • Warmer than the Rheinhessen in the South due to the Rhine River reflecting sunlight
73
Q

What is soil in the Rheingau

A

upper slopes are dominate by slate but lower slopes are mixture of clay, loess, alluvial sand near the River

74
Q

What style of wines marks the Rheingau

A

dry is over half of the production

75
Q

Where & what is the Assmanhausen

A

It is an anbaugebiet within the Rheingau that has most of the Spatburgunder production for the region

76
Q

Where is the Rheinhessen located

A

directly South of Rheingau, bordered by the Rhine River to the North & East, bordered by the Name in the West & the Pfalz to the South

77
Q

Describe the Rheinhessen’s image & vine production

A

The most hectares of any anbaugebite

historically poor quality & bulk production

78
Q

What grapes is the Rheinhessen known for

A

Riesling, Muller-Thurgau & Silvaner

79
Q

where is the Pfalz located?

A

natural continuation of Alsace & South of the Rheinhessen

80
Q

explains the soil type of the Pfalz

A

complex, varied soil due to ancient geological activity similar to Alsace

81
Q

What mountain range is near the Pfalz

A

The Haardt Hills (aka Vosges Mtns in Alsace)

82
Q

what style of wine is the Pfalz

A

Dry Rieslings, the complex soils make varied wines

83
Q

What type of wine is in the Nahe

A

generally sweet Riesling

84
Q

Explain the Ahr

A
  • worlds most northernly wine region dedicated to red wine
  • Spatburgunder production
  • “mediterranean” climate
85
Q

explain the Franken anbaugebitte

A
  • mostly beer & silvaner production
  • traditionally dry wines
  • traditionally bottled in squat, flask shaped “bocksbeutel”
86
Q

explain Mittelrhein

A

Riesling planted on steep, slate riverside slopes

- 80% of wine is trocken or halbtrocken

87
Q

Hessische-Bergstrasse

A

one of the smallest anbaugebitte

88
Q

Explain Baden & Wuttenburg anbaugebite

A
  • southern Germany
  • Spatburgunder production
  • mostly co-ops
89
Q

Sachsen & Saale-Unstrut anbaugebite

A
  • former east Germany

- Muuler-Thurgau production

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