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CMS- Certified > Portugal & Port > Flashcards

Portugal & Port Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two main grapes of Port?

A

Touriga Nacional & Malvasia

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2
Q

Where is Port located in

A

Duoro valley

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3
Q

what is the viticulture like in Port?

A
  • steep, terraced vineyards parallel to the Duoro River, “Patameres” is the most common, terraces are wide enough for a tractor to go through
  • a new style called “Vinhos ao Alta” plants the vineyards vertically up the slopes.
  • all hand harvested
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4
Q

what is the best soil for port?

A

schist

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5
Q

what are quintas in port?

A

single vineyards

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6
Q

Describe the vinification of port?

A
  • blend of many different grape varieties
  • destemmed (fully or partially)
  • traditionally grapes were foot crushed & fermented in low open top granite fermentors called “lagares”
  • 2-3 day maceration in the lagares, the goal is to extract color & flavor in a short period of time
  • wines are fortified when about 1/3 of the sugar content has been converted to alcohol (this process is called Beneficio aka. mutage in France)
  • wines are fortified with aguardiente to 19%-22%
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7
Q

what is beneficio

A

fortification of wine with a neutral grape spirit, aka mutage in France

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8
Q

what does aguardente mean

A

burning water

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9
Q

what are the two main styles of port

A

Ruby & Tawny

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10
Q

What are the different styles of Ruby Port

A
  • Ruby Port
  • Ruby Reserver Port
  • Vintage Port
  • Single Quinta Vintage Port
  • Late-Bottled Vintage Port
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11
Q

Describe Ruby Port

A
  • often aged in bulk, (wood, cement or stainless steel), for 2 years before bottling
  • wine is uncomplicated, deeply color & inexpensive
  • no vintage date
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12
Q

describe ruby reserve port

A

offers more complexity & character than basic ruby port

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13
Q

describe vintage port

A
  • most expensive style of port only making up 1-3% of production
  • vintages are only declared in exceptional years & must be authorized by the IVDP
  • aged in cask before bottling by July 30 of the third year following harvest
  • will continue to develop in the bottle for decades
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14
Q

describe single Quinta vintage port

A
  • the product of one estates harvest

- if a Port House cannot call all of their harvest vintage they will release a single estate vintage

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15
Q

describe Late Bottled Vintage (LBV) Port

A
  • spend between 4-6 years in cask before bottling

- always from one single vintage

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16
Q

describe the basic style of Tawny Port

A
  • cask-aged, which helps develop more complex tones of toffee, dried fruits & toasted nuts
  • naturally develops lighter, amber tones of color as it ages in wood
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17
Q

Name the different types of Tawny Port

A
  • Tawny Port
  • Reserve Tawny
  • Tawny with Indication of Age
  • Colheita Tawny
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18
Q

describe Reserve Tawny

A
  • ages for at least 7 years prior to bottling
  • blended from several vintages & retain some youthful freshness while gaining a hint of the creamy, delicate nature of a true old Tawny
  • will not improve with bottle age
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19
Q

describe tawny with indication of age

A
  • may be labeled as 10, 20, 30 or 40 years old
  • progressively more concentrated & developed character reaching a pronounced oxidation “rancio” state by 40 yrs of age
  • high quality fruit & are matured in seasoned wood
  • racked once annually, freshened w/ addtl spirit or wine as evaporation occurs naturally & often blended together before bottling
  • an approximation of age of the blended wines in a bottle
20
Q

describe Colheita Tawny

A

vintage-dated Port that spends a min. of 7 years in cask, many stay in for decades

21
Q

Describe the climate of Vinho Verde

A

along Atlantic Coast, with influences from Minho River

-cool rainy & maritime

22
Q

Describe the soil of Vinho Verde

A

granitic

23
Q

What grapes are predominately in Vinho Verde Blends

A

Alvharino, Lourerro, Treixadura

24
Q

Describe the viticulture of Vinho Verde

A

traditional “enforcado” were high trellised vines, some even grew up trees & poles to help prevent against grey rot & mold. Most modern producers use traditional trellises for efficiency

25
Q

Name the declared vintages of Port?

A

2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2015

26
Q

what is Portugals first demarcated wine region

A

Duoro

27
Q

where is the Duoro located?

A

along the Duoro River Valley region

28
Q

describe the geography of the Duoro River Valley

A

very mountainous region, the river & its tributaries cut deep valleys through the Marao & Montemuro mountains, with vineyards along steep terraced slopes

29
Q

what is the climate of the Duoro river valley

A

continental

30
Q

what are the three regions of the Duoro? West-East

A
  • Baixa Corgo: highest density of plantings
  • Cima Corgo: highest total vineyard acreage
  • Duoro Superior: stretches to the Spanish border, & is the largest, & most arid & most sparsely planted
31
Q

how much of the Duoro is released as Porto?

A

50% approx

32
Q

name the grapes of the Duoro

A

Red: Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, etc.
W: Malvasia, Viosinho, etc.

33
Q

what are the styles of wine released from Duoro?

A
  • Port
  • Simple, fruit & fresh
  • polished, new oak
  • sparkling (Espumanto do Duoro)
  • Colheita Tardia (late harvest)
34
Q

describe reserva aging in Duoro

A

White & Rose: Min abv 11.5% & 6 mo. aging

Red: min abv 12% & 1 yr. aging

35
Q

where are Portugals best dry reds produced

A

Dao

36
Q

what are the main grapes of the Dao

A

Touriga Nacional & Encruzado

37
Q

what is the style of the Dao

A

typically more elegant, sharper & more floral than the Duoro

38
Q

What is the geography like in the Dao

A

sheltered by mountain ranges which helps protect from harsh inland wines as well as insulated from the wet, cool maritime coast

39
Q

what is the climate of the Dao

A

hot & dry growing season with adequate rain in the winter

40
Q

what is the soil of the Dao

A

granitic mostly im the 400-500m elevations

41
Q

where are most of the vineyards in the Dao planted

A

400-500m vineyards to help preserve acidity

42
Q

What is the Reserva aging requirements of the Dao

A

Red: 2 yrs. aging,
White: 6 mo. aging

43
Q

What is the Nobre aging requirements for the Dao

A

Red: min. 15% Touriga Nacional, 3 yrs. aging & min. 13% ABV
White: Min. 15% Encruzado, 1 yr. aging & min 12% ABV

44
Q

What is the RED Nobre Reserva & Garafeira aging requirements for the Dao

A

Reserva: 42 months
Garafeira: 48 mo. total with 18 mo. in bottle

45
Q

what is the WHITE Nobre Reserva & Garafeira aging requirements of the Dao

A

Reserva: 1. yr aging
Garafeira: 18 mo. total with 9 in bottle

CMS- Certified (19 decks)

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