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Austria Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Name the 4 large wine growing areas

A
  • Niederösterreich
  • Wien
  • Burgenland
  • Styria
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2
Q

Austria location & general aspect & climate

A
  • Central Europe, SE of Germany & NE of Italy
  • winegrowing region covers the entire eastern border
  • Rolling foothills East of the Alps
  • steep, terraced vineyards overlooking the Danube River & its tributaries, also some vast plains in lower-lying areas

-Continental, cold winters & very warm summers. Moderated by the Danube River & its tributaries

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3
Q

blau

A

blue

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4
Q

grau

A

gray

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5
Q

weiss

A

white

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6
Q

burgunder

A

from burgundy

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7
Q

lese

A

harvest

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8
Q

auslese

A

select harvest

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9
Q

beere

A

berry

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10
Q

trocken

A

dry

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11
Q

ried

A

single vineyard

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12
Q

wein

A

wine

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13
Q

when/who/ how was Zweigelt created

A

1922 by Dr. Fritz Zweigelt, a cross between Bläufrankish & Sankt Laurent

-controversy surrounds the naming of the grape as he was a strong German nationalist and supported the Austrian nazi party

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14
Q

the 3 most important white grapes in Austria

A

Gruner Veltliner:

  • produces a range of styles from sparkling Sekt, refreshing, dense, & powerful
  • small, thick-skinned berries

Riesling

  • generally produced in a dry style in Stainless steel or neutral oak
  • the most revered examples come from Wachau, Kamptal & Kremstal

Sauvignon Blanc
- examples from the mountain vineyards of Styria have received international acclaim

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15
Q

the 3 most important red grapes of Austria

A

Zweigelt

  • high yielding variety, buds early & ripens before Blaufränkish
  • aka Blauer Zweigelt, Rotburger

Blaufränkish “Blue Frankish”
- needs warmth & time, budding early & ripening late.Oak usage varies by producer but usually moderately used when implemented

Sankt Laurent

  • plantings continue to increase in recent years due to the early ripening reliability
  • hardy overall, especially against frost but needs irrigation in hot vintages
  • does not adapt well to new oak
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16
Q

Weissburgunder

A

Pinot Blanc

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17
Q

Austrian general vinification

A

Wines are either very dry or very sweet, there is no tradition of off-dry styles

New oak is rarely used for white wine production

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18
Q

What is the KMW

A
  • defined by a minimum ripeness at harvest measured by the Klosterneuburg Must Weight Scale (KMW)
    - 1 degree on the scale is equal to 1 gram of sugar per 100 grams of must
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19
Q

What are the 4 levels of the Austrian wine classification system

A 
Wein
Landwein (PGI)
Qualitätswein (PDO): wine from a single weinbaugebiet & made with grapes that are among the 40 approved varieties 
-focus is on dry wines
     -Kabinet
     -Sekt 
Prädikatswein (PDO): late-harvest categories are based on must weight
-focus is on sweet wines
          -Spätlese
          -Auslese 
          -Beerenauslese (BA)
          - Eiswein 
          - Strohwein 
          - Ausbruch 
          -Trockbeerenauselse (TBA)
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20
Q

Qualitätswein Kabinett

A
  • wine may not be chaptalized
  • different than German categorization of Kabinett in Prädikatswein
  • rarely seen on Austrian wine labels
  • maximum allowance for RS on 9 g/l
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21
Q

Describe Qualitätswein Sekt

A
  • Sekt: most basic level, allows for a variety of production methods & varieties sourced from anywhere in the EU
  • Austrian Sekt: grapes must be sourced from within Austria, various production methods
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22
Q

Name & Describe the three tiers of Austrian Sekt

A

Klassik: fruit must be sourced from a single federal state w/in Austria, all production methods, dosages, colors & styles are permitted

Reserve: must be sourced & produced in a single federal state using traditional method

Gross Reserve: must be produced from grapes harvested & pressed w/in a single municipality and produced in the traditional method w/ additional aging requirements

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23
Q

Eiswein & must weight

A

-must be frozen on the vine, no artificial freezing allowed

25

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24
Q

Strohwein & must weight

A

produced from grapes dried on straw mats for a min of three months

25

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25
Q

Ausbruch & must weight

A

specialty of Rust in Burgenland

30

26
Q

TBA must weight

A

30

27
Q

Spätlese must weight

A

19

28
Q

Auslese must weight

A

21

29
Q

Beerenauslese (BA) must weight

A

25

30
Q

DAC (Districtus Austria Controllatus)

A
  • developed in the early 2000s
  • wines will not show notes of botrytis or wood & tend to be crisp, fresh & light

DAC Reserve: might show influence of botrytis or oak & be richer than DAC wines on the palate. Requires a higher minimum ripeness at harvest & longer aging before release

  • as of 2020 there are 16 DAC

Three tiers: Gebietswein, Ortswein, Riedenwein

31
Q

What are the three tiers of DAC

A

Gebietswein
Ortswein
Riedenwein

32
Q

What is Gebietswein

A

Gebietswein is a the first tier of DAC : regional wine labeled by weinbaugebiet from approved varieties.

33
Q

What is Ortswein

A

Ortswein is the second DAC tier

- equivalent to a village wine. Fruit is sourced from a smaller area within a village or a single vineyard site

34
Q

What is Riedenwein

A

Riedenwein is the third tier of DAC

- describes wine from a single vineyard & made w approved varieties

35
Q

Rotburger

A

synonym of Zweigelt

36
Q

what is the largest wine producing region

A

Lower Austria aka Niederösterreich

37
Q

what percentage is white varieties in Niederösterreich

A

75%

38
Q

how many sub-regions of Niederösterreich

A

8

39
Q

name the 3 geographical factors of Niederösterreich

A
  • Central Eastern Alps
  • Danube River
  • Pannonian Plan
40
Q

Describe the effect the Central Eastern Alps have on Niederösterreich

A
  • AKA Austrian Alps
  • extension of the same mountain range that influences regions in France, Italy, Switzerland, & Germany
  • help limit frost damage, heavy cold air & moisture are unable to collect on slopped vineyards & frost falls to valley floors
  • foothills provide shelter from the Alps high volumes of precipitation (which could lead to fungal disease)
  • hills allow for greater luminosity which helps the phenolic development of grapes
41
Q

Describe the Danube’s effect on Niederösterreich

A
  • moves through Austria from W to E, providing ideal vineyard sites on both the North & South Banks
  • offers protection against frost by absorbing & releasing heat during the growing season
42
Q

describe the effect of the Pannonian Plain on Niederösterreich

A
  • aka the Carpathian Basin
  • plain brings warm, dry winds blowing westward which aids in drying out vineyards & provides additional warmth to facilitate ripening
  • high concentration of glacial deposit based loess, a very fine soil material that the winds carry to Niederösterreich
  • loess is low in nutrients & drains readily, great for viticulture
43
Q

Niederösterreich main sub regions

A
  • Kremstal DOC- located in the valley of the Krems river
  • Kamptal DOC- coatend in the valley of the Kamp river
  • Wachau DOC- located on a narrow band of steep slopes along the banks of the Danube. Has its own quality system
44
Q

Wachau (location, aspect, climate)

A

Location:

  • NW part of Lower Austria, along the Danube.
  • spans from the town of Spitz eastward
  • most plantings on the north bank of the river

Aspect:

  • 40% of vineyards are held in place by dry stone terraces, very steep sites (terraces built 1,000 yrs ago)
  • southern exposure

Climate:
- Danube moderates this severe continental climate against large temp swings & lowers risk of frost,

45
Q

Wachau grapes & styles

A

-Riesling & Gruner V make up 74% of plantings

46
Q

What are the Wachau’s three classified categories

A

ALL MUST BE HAND HARVESTED

Steinfeder
Federspiel
Smaragd

47
Q

What is Steinfeder?

A

Steinfeder is the lowest tier of Wachau quality

  • lightestest & crispest wines, max ABV 11.5%
  • generally sourced from vineyards closest to the river in gravelly alluvial soils.
  • not usually exported
  • named after a local grass that grows in the vineyard
48
Q

What is Federspiel

A

Federspiel is the 2nd level of quality in Wachau

  • fruit is usually from lower slopes of the Ridgeline
  • targeted ABV of 11.5% to 12.5%
  • name associated with tools used for falconry, a historical craft used to deter vineyard pests
49
Q

What is Smaragd

A

Smaragd is the highest quality tier of the Wachau

  • richest expressions of the region
  • require minimum ABV 12.5%
  • botrytis may be a concentration factor
  • named after the small native lizards that sun themselves on the terraces (lucky lizards…)
50
Q

Describe the Vineau Wachau

A
  • peer based group that formed before DAC system was implemented
  • 90% of all producers in the region are members
  • they defined the 3 classifications as well as the following:
    - no enrichment through chaptalization or other additives
    - no concentration techniques
    - no aromatization
    - sourcing exclusively from Wachau vineyards
51
Q

when did Wachau become DAC

A

2020

52
Q

Kremstal Soil

A

Soil: gneiss, loess

53
Q

Kremstal grapes & styles

A

Riesling & Gruner V, some Zweigelt

-dry & light in style

54
Q

Österreichische Traditionsweingüter

A

-peer-based group of growers & producers formed in the 90s

  • aim to elevate quality by evaluating the vineyards and the results wines over 20 years
  • in 2010 it assigned the term erst late (1er cru) to 53 vineyards
55
Q

how many erste lagen are in Kremstal

A

30

56
Q

how many erste lagen are there in total

A

81

57
Q

Kamptal (location, climate, soil)

A

Location: northward away from the Danube & is centered around the Kamp River Valley

Climate: receives warmth from the Pannonian Plain as well as counter-cooling from the nearby forest, the Waldviertel

Soil: Zöbing Formation:
-largely sandstone

58
Q

Kamptal Grapes & styles

A
  • overall production is white wine focused with only 20% red varieties planted, mostly Zweigelt
  • Gruner V is main focus
  • most wines are dry and several producers make Sekt here
59
Q

how many erste lagen are in Kamptal

A

20

60
Q

Name two main varieties of Burgenland

A

Blaufrankish & Zweigelt

61
Q

Name the wine that Vienna (Wein) is mostly known for

A

Gemischter Satz, a white blend of up to 3 varieties

62
Q

Name two wines of Austria

A

2019 Knoll G.V. Feserspeil Wachau

2020 Prager G.V> “Achleiten” Smaragd Wachau

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