unit two lymphatic system Flashcards
the lymphatic system
returns fluid leaked from blood vessels back to blood
what are the three parts of the lymphatic system?
- lymphatics- vessels
- lymph- fluid in vessel
- lymph nodes- clean the lymph
what do lymphoid tissues and organs do?
immune system by housing phagocytic cells and lymphocytes
what are the lymphoid organs and tissues?
- bone marrow
- thymus
- lymph nodes
- tonsils
- appendex
- Peyer’s patches
- spleen
what are the two lymph vessels?
- lymphatic capillaries -small
2. larger lymphatic vessels
lymphatic capillaries
- blind ended vessels
- NOT in bones, teeth bone marrow and CNS
- increased permeability
- lacteals
what are lacteals
- milky white streaks
- intestines
- absorb fats
larger lymphatic vessels
Captian (capillaries) -vexes (vessels)-three (trunks)-dudes(ducts)
what are the two lymphatic ducts
- right lymphatic duct- right upper arm, R head and thorax
2. thoracic duct- everything else
lymph system
low-pressure system
what are the mechanisms of lymph transport?
- skeletal muscle pump
- pressure changes
- valves
- pulsation of arteries
- lymphatic smooth muscle
lymphangitis
inflammation of large lymph vessels
appear as painful red lines
lymphedema
severe swelling, prevents normal return of lymph to blood
lymphoid cells consist of?
- immune cells in tissue
2. supporting cells that form lymphoid tissue
lymphocytes
adaptive immune system, mature into T or B cells
T cells
thymus, young, immune response kills cells
B cells
bone marrow, becomes plasma cells to secrete antibodies
macrophages
eats pathogens
dendritic cells
immune system
reticular cells
build reticular connective tissue with loose space for fluid
what are the two main types of lymphoid tissues
- diffuse lymphoid tissue
2. lymphoid follicles- germinal centers that proliferate B cells
primary lymphoid organs
T and B cells mature, bone marrow and thymus
secondary lymphoid organs
No TAPS
where are lymph nodes
deep in connective tissue in clusters
what are the three regions of lymph nodes
inguinal, axillary and cervical
what are the two main functions of lymph nodes?
- cleansing of lymph
2. immune system activation
structure of lymph node
- bean shaped
- capsule
- trabeculae
what are the two regions of the lymph node
- cortex- contain follicles
2. medulla- chords and sinuses
buboes
swollen lymph nodes
spleen
blood rich, left side below stomach
functions of spleen
- proliferation and immune response
- clean old blood cells and platelets, remove macrophages and derbis
- store breakdown products of rbc’s
- store platelets and monocytes
- fetal erythrocyte production
what are the two components of the spleen?
- white pulp- immune functions, circular shape
2. red pulp- old blood cells are destroyed, everything else in spleen
spleen structure
thin capsule, direct blow or infection may cause rupture
MALT
lymphoid tissues in mucous membranes
where is MALT found?
mucosa of respiratory tract, genitourinary organs, and digestive tract
what are the organs or tissues of MALT?
- tonsils
- Peyer’s patches
- Appendix
tonsils
lymphatic tissue around pharynx, gather and remove pathogens in food or air
what are the different types of tonsils and their locations?
- palatine- throat
- lingual- back of tongue
- pharyngeal- nasal pharynx
- tubal- auditory canal
tonsillar crypts
white space, invite bacteria to kill
Peyer’s Patch
wall of distal end of small intestine
functions of Peyers patch and Appendix
- destroy bacteria
2. generate memory lymphocytes
appendix
part of large intestine, store bacteria
thymus
bi-lobed, inferior neck that extends over heart
thymus functions
T cells in childhood to help with immunity
what are the two parts of the thymus?
- cortex
2. medulla- T cells develop
