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A&P 2 lecture > unit 3 urinary system > Flashcards

unit 3 urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

function of kidneys

A

regulation of extracellular fluid

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2
Q

what do the kidneys regulate?

A
  • blood volume
  • electrolytes and ions
  • pH
  • waste products
  • hormones, EPO
  • vitamin D
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3
Q

what is the urine flow?

A
  1. kidneys
  2. ureters
  3. bladder
  4. urethra
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4
Q

renal ptosis

A

kidneys drop in body

loss of fatty tissue that hold in place

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5
Q

nephron

A

responsible for forming urine

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6
Q

what are the tubular pats of the nephron?

A

1,glomerular capsule- filtration

  1. proximal convoluted tubule- cuboidal, microvilli; reabsorption
  2. descending loop of Henle
  3. ascending loop og henle
  4. distal convoluted tubule- secretion
  5. collecting duct
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7
Q

glomerulus

A

mass capillaries in capsule that give rise to filtrate

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8
Q

afferent arteriole

A

supplies blood to glomerulus

bid in diameter

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9
Q

efferent arteriole

A

delivers blood to capillaries

small diameter

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10
Q

glomerular capsule

A

cup shaped, hallow around glomerulus

  1. parietal layer- sse
  2. visceral layer- on glom.
    - podocytes; feet
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11
Q

filtrate must pass through?

A
  • capillary fenstrate
  • glomerular basement membrane
  • visceral layer with podocytes
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12
Q

what are the two types of nephrons?

A
  1. cortical nephrons- 85%, outer part

2. juxrameduallry nephrons- have long LH, concentrate urine

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13
Q

juxtaglomerular complex

A

regulating filtrate formation and blood pressure

  • ascending limb
  • afferent and efferent
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14
Q

what are the three cell populations in juxtaglomerular complex?

A
  1. macula densa- asc. limb, Na+
  2. granular cells- message from macula, afferent, renin
  3. extraglomerular mesagila cells- connect first 2
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15
Q

what is apart of urine formation and blood regulation?

A
  1. glomerular filtration
  2. tubular reabsorption
  3. tubular secretion
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16
Q

glomerular filtration rate

A

volume of filtrate produced by both kidneys each minute

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17
Q

glomerular filtration rate regulation

A
  • vasocontriction/ dilation of afferent arteriole
    1. intrinsic regulation- renal auto regulation
    2. extrinsic regulation- SNS
18
Q

intrinsic controls of glomerular filtration

A
  • renal autoregulation
    1. myogenic mechanism- smooth muscle, BP
    2. tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism- ATP
19
Q

extrinsic controls of glomerular filtration

A
  • BP
    1. neural- SNS
    2. Hormonal- renin angiotensin aldosterone
20
Q

net filtration pressure equation

A

(HP glom + OPcapsule) - (HPcapsule + OPglom)

21
Q

glomerular filtration rate is directly proportional to?

A
  • net filtration pressure
  • total surface area
  • membrane permeability
22
Q

obligatory water loss

A

-min of 400 ml/ day is necessary to excrete waste

23
Q

reabsorption

A
  • return of filtered molecules
  • water not actively transported
  • active and passive tubular reabsorption
24
Q

what are the substances that follow the two routes of reabsorption?

A
  1. transcellular- across membrane

2. paracellular- next to, around

25
Q

where does 85% of the reabsorption occur?

A
  • proximal tubules

- descending loop of Henle

26
Q

sodium transport across the basolateral membrane

A
  • Na+ is most abundant
  • active transport
  • Na is pumped into interstitial space
  • Na is swept into peritubular capillaries
27
Q

transport across apical membrane

A
  • Na enters cell at apical surface
  • secondary active transport
  • Na pumped into basolateral membrane
28
Q

transport maximum

A
  • carriers for a solute are saturated, have glucose bound to is
  • want more glucose for more water and urine
29
Q

countercurrent multiplier

A
  • filtrate flow in ascending and descending limbs of juztamedullary nephrons
  • difference in concentration between asc. and dec.
30
Q

countercurrent exchanger

A
  • blood flow in limbs of vasa recta

- pressure by removing salt and water

31
Q

osmolality of cortex and plasma

A

300 mOsm

32
Q

descending limb

A
  • permeable to H2O

- impermeable to NaCL

33
Q

ascending limb

A
  • impermeable to H2O
  • permeable to salt
  • interstitial
34
Q

collecting duct

A
  • water conservation

- ANP; inhibit Na

35
Q

what are the different diuretics?

A
  1. ADH inhibitors- alc.
  2. caffeine
  3. loop diuretics
  4. osmotic diuretics
36
Q

renin angiotensin aldosterone system

A
  • decrease in BP and /or blood flow to kidneys
  • leads to release of renin
  • renin converts to angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1
  • then converted to angiotensin 2 by ACE
37
Q

what does angiotensin Ii stimulate?

A
  • ADH release
  • increase thirst
  • vasoconstriction
  • aldosterone
38
Q

renal plasma clearance

A
  • filtration in glomerular capsule begins
  • secretion finishes process
  • moved to peritubular capillaries
39
Q

excretion rate

A

C(clearance rate) = U(concentrate) x V(flow) / P(plasma)

40
Q

inulin

A

-great marker of glomerular filtration rate

41
Q

creatinin

A

-urine creatinin vs blood creatinin

A&P 2 lecture (12 decks)

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