Unit two: Genes and Heredity

Question 1

What is the definition of eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Answer 1

Eukaryotes have store DNA in nucleus

Prokaryotes don’t have a nucleus

Question 2

What is the definition of unicellular and multicellular?

Answer 2

Unicellular: entire organism is composed of a single cell
Multicellular: organism is composed of more than one cell

Question 3

What is the definition of haploid

Answer 3

One set of chromosomes (all different types)

Question 4

What is the definition of diploid

Answer 4

2 sets of chromosomes (2 of each type)

Question 5

What is the definition of polyploids? and give examples

Answer 5

more than 2 sets of chr (triploid, tetraploid, hexaploid)

Strawberries is 4n, bananas are 3n and bread wheat is 6n

Question 6

What is the definition of aneuploidy?

Answer 6

extra chromosomes or fewer chromosomes than normal

Question 7

name the four abnormal # of chromosomes

Answer 7

Monosomy = 2n-1 (human= 45 chr)
Trisomy= 2n+1 (human=47 chr)
nullisomy= 2n-2 (human= 44 chr)
tetrasomy= 2n+2 (human=48 chr)

Question 8

Give me 3 examples of trisomy in humans

Answer 8

Trisomy 21
Trisomy 13
Trisomy 18

Question 9

Name the four changes in chromosomes structures and tell me what they do

Answer 9

Duplication: piece of DNA is tangled up and ends up being doubled (second goes wild and can become a new gene)
Deletion: piece of chr is cut out and removed
Translocation: New piece comes in from another chr
Inversion: physical cut in the chr and it flipped around

Question 10

What is the ploidy level ? 6 pairs of chr

Answer 10

2n (diploid)

Question 11

What is the ploidy level? 5 pairs of chr and 1 unpaired

Answer 11

2n-1

Question 12

What is the ploidy level? 5 pairs of chr and one with 3 chr

Answer 12

2n+1

Question 13

What is the ploidy level ? 3 groups of 4 chr

Answer 13

4n

Question 14

Place the cells in order with least amount of DNA to greatest amount: diploid cells ds and ss and haploid cells ds and ss

Answer 14

haploid cell ss < haploid cell ds = dilpoid cell ss < diploid cell ds

Question 15

Koala bears have a haploid # of 8. How many chromsomes would be in the nucleus of a trisomic bear ?

Answer 15

Trisomy = 2n+1 2x8+1= 17 chr

Question 16

What is required for chromosomes to separate during mitosis ?

Answer 16

Chromosomes condense (chromatin condenses into chromosomes)

Question 17

Chromosomes condense (chromatin condenses into chromosomes) :How does it occur ?

Answer 17

Chromatin fibers compact into chromosomes because of proteins

Question 18

Chromosomes condense (chromatin condenses into chromosomes) :Why is it required ?

Answer 18

It is required because chromatin packaged into chromosomes is easier to move around, there is less chance of tangling

Question 19

Chromosomes condense (chromatin condenses into chromosomes): What would happen to the chromosomes during Mitosis if it was not present or functional ?

Answer 19

Maybe some of the chromatin would not move to the poles and get left behind

Question 20

Chromosomes condense (chromatin condenses into chromosomes): what would happen to the cell if it was not present

Answer 20

The cell might create two non-identical DNA daughter cells