Unit One: Diversity of Life

Question 1

What is the lipid composition?

Answer 1

Hydrocarbons: non polar carbons

Question 2

Give examples of carbohydrates

Answer 2

Glucose, starch, fructose, sucrose, lactose, cellulose…

Question 3

Give examples of lipids

Answer 3

fats, oil, waxes, steroids, cholesterol, glycerol, stearic acid and fatty acids

Question 4

Give examples of proteins

Answer 4

Insulin, salivary amylase

Question 5

Give examples of nucleic acids

Answer 5

DNA, rRNA…

Question 6

What is an intron?

Answer 6

Piece of DNA that is discarded in a gene because it is not used to make a gene product

Question 7

What is a ribosome?

Answer 7

Machine inside cells that make proteins

Question 8

Was is the bacteria cell membrane made of?

Answer 8

Fatty acids linked to glycerol (unbranched )

Question 9

Was is the archea cell membrane made of?

Answer 9

Hydrocarbons linked to glycerol (branched)

Question 10

Was is the eukarya cell membrane made of?

Answer 10

Fatty acids linked to glycerol (unbranched)

Question 11

Which three domain system have at least some introns?

Answer 11

Eukarya and Archea

Question 12

Which three domain system have a ribosome size of 70S?

Answer 12

Bacteria and Archae, small ribosomes of 70S that move/float freely in the cell

Question 13

Which three domain system have a ribosome size of 80S?

Answer 13

Eukarya, big ribosomes (80S), some float around in the cell, some are attached to membrane

Question 14

Which three domain system have an internal membrane?

Answer 14

Eukarya, no prokaryotes have cell membranes

Question 15

What is the most plausible hypothesis for the evolution of eukaryotes?

Answer 15

Endosymbiosis: possible origin of nucleus, an organism engulfed by a prokaryote ut not digested, internal bacteria is passed on from generation on because they survived more easily,

Question 16

What are the evidence for endosymbosis?

Answer 16

similarity between prokaryotes, mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells , similar DNA sequences and similar ribosomes

Question 17

What is another plausible hypothesis for the evolution of eukaryotes?

Answer 17

Cooperation: prokaryotes lived in communities and this gave the rise to eukaryotes, cells grew larger, less efficient so divides in organelles to perform specific tasks = more sophistical cells like eukaryotes

Question 18

What is infolding?

Answer 18

Possible origin of nucleus: Cell mebrane folding in, all DNA is compressed in one space results in double membrane around DNA

Question 19

Which domains have sexual or asexual reproduction?

Answer 19

Sexual: plants, animals, fungi, green algae, slime molds
Asexual: Eubacteria, Archeabacteria, choanoflageilates, fungi, plants,

Question 20

Which domains have no cell walls and if they do, what is in them?

Answer 20

No cell walls: choanoflageilates and animals
Eubacteria: fatty acids linked to glycerol
Archaebacteria: hydrocarbons linked to glycerol
Slime molds: cellulose, lack chitin
Green algae: cellulose and starch (carbohydrates)
Fungi: chitin and glucans
Plants: cellulose