Unit two: Genes and Heredity Flashcards
(20 cards)
In which phase of the cell cycle do the microtubules attach to kinetochores?
prometaphase (spindle fibers attach to kinetochores)
Cells duplication of DNA in which phase?
S-phase / Interphase
The nuclear membrane breaks down in which phase?
prophase and prometaphase
Chromosomes become visible in which phase?
prophase
Cells grow during which phase of the cell cycle ?
Interphase G1 and some final growing in G2
In human karyotype, the first 22 pairs of chr are called autosomes, what is the term for X and Y chr
sexual chromosomes
Homologous chr are
maternal and paternal copies of the same chr (99.9% identical)
Asexually reproducing organisms produce offspring that are genetically identical to each other and the parents. What type of cell division produces daughter cells that are identical to the parents ?
Mitosis (binary fission produces 2 identical cells in prokaryotes)
The process of haploid gametes formed in diploid organism is called
Meiosis
Which element contains genes in mitosis?
Chromosomes
A human containing 44 autosomes and 2X chromosomes is
A somatic cell of a female
A human cell containing 45 autosomes and a normal # of sexual chr is probably…
(2n+1) trisomic
Clearage of the cytoplasm is the main event in this stage
Cytokinesis
A fertilized human ovum(zygote) contains how many chr ?
46 chromosomes
Which cells of the human body are made through the process of meosis ?
Gametes
A … is made of condensed chromatin (DNA and histones)
chromosome
Which two cells would be more genetically similar to each other ?
Two somatic cells produced by the same person
If a diploid organism has a genome consisting of 22 chr, its gametes will have … chr.
11 chr
When does DNA decondensation occur during cell division?
after telophase
The term kinetochore is associated with which structures ?
Centromere, spindle fibers…
