Unit IV Section 2 Key Terms Flashcards
Adventitious breath sounds
abnormal breath sounds that occur when air passes through narrowed airways, airways filled with fliud or mucus, or when pleural linings are inflamed
apnea
a complete absence of respirations
atelectasis
collapse of air sacs
auscultation
listening to sounds produced within the body with the a stethoscope
bradypnea
abnormally slow respiratory rate
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
respirations from very deep breathing to shallow breathing with periods of apnea.
crackles
air passing through fluid or muscus. sounds like light crackling or bubbling
diffusion
mixing of molecules or ions of two or more substances as a result of motion
dyspnea
difficult or labored breathing
exhalation
breathing out, movement of gases from lungs to atmosphere
eupnea
normal breathing
gurgles
airways narrowed by bronchospasm or secretions. Sounds like coarse rattling, gurgling. May be cleared by cough
hemoptysis
blood in sputum
hyperpnea
increased respiratory rate
hyperventilation
very deep, rapid respirations
hypoventilation
very shallow respirations
hypoxia
insufficient oxygen in the body
hypoxemia
low saturation of oxyhemoglobin in the arterial blood
inspiration
intake of air into the lungs
Kussmaul’s respiration
hyperventilation that accompanies metabolic acidosis in which the body trys to compensate by blowing off CO2
orthopnea
ability to breathe only when in upright position
percussion
body surface is struck to elicit sounds
Pleural Friction Rub
inflammed parietal and visceral pleural surfaces rubbing together
pulse oximetry
arterial blood oxygen saturation
respiration
act of breathing
tachypnea
abnormally fast respirations
wheeze
air passing through narrowed airways
ventilation
movement of air in and out of lungs
Potassium
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Sodium
135-145 mEq/L
Chloride
97-107 mEq/L
Calcium
8.2-10.2 mEq/L
BUN
8-21 mg/dl
RBC- erythrocytes
Male- 5.2-5.8 million/mm3
Female- 3.9-5.1 million/mm3
Male- 5.2-5.8 million/mm3
Female- 3.9-5.1 million/mm3
HGB- Hemoglobin
Male- 13.2-17.0 g/dl
Female- 11.7-15.5 g/dl
HCT-hematocrit
Male-38-51%
Female-33-45%
ESR- erythrocytes sedimentation rate
Rate rbc settle in unclotted blood.
Increased in infections,inflammatory process,tissue damage(fall faster).
WBC- leukocytes
Bodies defense system- fight infection
Respond immediately to foreign bodies.
4500-11000/mm3
Never let monkey eat bananas
Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils
Basophils
0-3%
Increase during healing process
Eosinophils
0-8%
Increase in allergic reactions; can increase with parasite infestation
Monocytes
4-11%
2nd line defense; respond to bacterial infection
Lymphocytes
16-46%
Increase in virial infection& chronic infection
Neutrophils
45-75%
First line defense; respond to injury& acute bacterial infection
Platelet
150,000-450,000/mm3
Function in blood to promote coagulation
PT- Prothrombin Time
Measure clotting time; measure effectiveness of Coumadin anticoagulant therapy. Higher # the longer the time to clot.
PTT- Partial Thromboplastin Time
Measure Heprin anticoagulant therapy, higher the# longer the time to clot.
Cholesterol
<200 desirable
200-139 moderate
240mg/dl high risk
Used to indicate coronary artery disease. Manufactured frm sat. fats.
LDL-low density
LDL is lousy, <100 good.
Contributes to atherosclosis
HDL- high density lipids
HDL is healthy > 60 good. neg factor for CAD, helps remove LDL
