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NSG 1100 > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

2
Q

Bruit

A

A blowing or swishing sound created by turbulence of blood flow

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3
Q

Blood Pressure

A

The force exerted on arterial walls by blood flowing within the vessel

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4
Q

Bradycardia

A

Abnormally slow pulse rate, less than 60 beats per minute

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5
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

Englargement of the heart

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6
Q

Antipyretic

A

Agent that reduces fever

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7
Q

Cardiac Output

A

The amount of blood ejected by the heart with each ventricular contraction

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8
Q

Cyanosis

A

A bluish tinge of skin color

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9
Q

Diastolic Pressure

A

The pressure of the blood against the arterial walls when the ventricles of the heart are at rest

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10
Q

Dysrhythmia

A

A pusle with an irregular rhythm

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11
Q

Erythema

A

A redness tinge of skin color associated with a variety of skin rashes

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12
Q

Flushing

A

Reddening of the face and neck as a result of increased blood flow

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13
Q

Hypertension

A

An abnormally high blood pressure; over 140 mmHG systolic and/or 90 mmHg diastolic

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14
Q

Hypotension

A

An abnormally low blood pressure; less than 100 mmHg systolic in an adult

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15
Q

Ischemia

A

Deficiency of blood supply caused by obstruction of circulation to the body part

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16
Q

Jaundice

A

A yellowish tinge to skin color

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17
Q

Korotkoff’s Sounds

A

The five phases of blood pressure sounds

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18
Q

Murmur

A

An abnormal sound of the heart

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19
Q

Obliterate

A

Do away with completely, without leaving a trace

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20
Q

Orthostatic Hypotension

A

Decreased in blood pressure related to positional or postural changes from lying to sitting or standing positions

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21
Q

Pallor

A

Paleness

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22
Q

Palpitations

A

Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias, such as premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)

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23
Q

Perfusion

A

Passage of blood constituents through the vessels of the circulatory system

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24
Q

Pulse

A

The wave of blood within an artery that is created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart

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25
Q

Pulse Deficit

A

The difference between the apical pulse and the radial pulse

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26
Q

Pulse Pressure

A

The difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure

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27
Q

Pyrexia

A

A body temperature above the normal range; fever

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28
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

A pressure gauge for measuring blood pressure

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29
Q

Stethoscope

A

A medical instrument for listening to the sounds generated inside the body.

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30
Q

Stroke Volume

A

The amount of blood ejected with each cardiac contraction

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31
Q

Syncope

A

A spontaneous loss of consciousness caused by insufficient blood to the brain

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32
Q

Systolic Pressure

A

The pressure of blood against the arterial walls when the ventricles of the heart contract

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33
Q

Tachycardia

A

An abnormally rapic pulse rate; greater than 100 beats per minute

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34
Q

Temperature

A

The degree of hotness or coldness of a body or enviornment (Corresponding to its molecular activity)

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35
Q

Turgor

A

the normal rigid state of fullness of a cell or blood vessel or capillary resulting from pressure of the contents against the wall or membrane

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36
Q

Vital Signs

A

Body temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. Many agencies have designated pain as the fifth vital sign

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37
Q

Adventitious breath sounds

A

Abnormal breath sounds that occur when air passes through narrowed airways or airways filled with fluid or mucus, or when pleural linings are inflamed

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38
Q

Alveoli

A

Thin-walled microscopic air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place

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39
Q

Apnea

A

A complete absense of respirations

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40
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapse of the air sacs

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41
Q

Auscultation

A

The process of listening to sounds produced within the body, such as with the use of a stethoscope that amplifies sounds and conveys them to the nurse’s ears

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42
Q

Bradypnea

A

Abnormally slow respiratory rate, usually less than 10 respirations per minute

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43
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

A

Rhythmic waxing and waning of respirations from very deep breathing to very shallow breathing with periods of temporary apnea, often associated with cardiac failure, increased intracranial pressure, or brain damage

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44
Q

Crackles

A

Fine crackling or bubbling sound heard on inspiration, fluid in alveoli or opening of closed alveoli

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45
Q

Diffusion

A

The mixing of molecules or ions of two or more sustances as a result of random motion

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46
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult or labored breathing

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47
Q

Exhalation

A

Breathing out, or the movement of gases from the lungs to the atmosphere

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48
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal, quiet breathing

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49
Q

Expiration

A

The outflow of air from the lungs to the atmosphere

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50
Q

Gurgles

A

AKA rhonchi, low pitched, bubbling heard in larger airways. More prominent during expiration. Sounds like wet snoring. May clear with deep breathing or coughing

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51
Q

Hemoptysis

A

The presence of blood in the sputum

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52
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Energetic (deep and rapid) respiration that occurs normally after exercise or abnormally with fever or various disorders

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53
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Very deep, rapid respirations

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54
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Very shallow respirations

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55
Q

Hypoxia

A

Insufficient oxygen anywhere in the body

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56
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Low partial pressure of oxygen or low saturation of oxyhemoglobin in the arterial blood

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57
Q

Inspiration

A

The intake of air into the lungs

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58
Q

Kussmaul’s Respirations

A

Hyperventilation that accompanies metabolic acidosis in which the body attempts to compensate (give off excess body acids) by blowing off carbon dioxide through deep and rapid breathing

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59
Q

Nonproductive Cough

A

A dry, harsh cough without secretions

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60
Q

Orthopnea

A

Ability to breath only when in an upright position (sitting or standing)

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61
Q

Percussion

A

A method of which the body surface is struck to elicit sounds that can be heard or vibrations that can be felt

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62
Q

Pleural Friction Rub

A

Creaking or grating sound from roughened, inflamed surfaces or the pleura rubbing together, evident during inspiration, expiration, or both and no change with coughing; usually uncomfortable, especially on deep inspiration

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63
Q

Productive Cough

A

Cough that expectorates mucous secretions from the respiratory tract

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64
Q

Pulse Oximetry

A

A noninvasive device that measures the arterial blood oxygen saturation by means of a sensor attached to the finger or other location

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65
Q

Rales

A

Bubbling or noisy sounds caused by fluids or mucus in the air passages

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66
Q

Respiration

A

The act of breathing; includes the intake of oxygen and the output of carbon dioxide from the cells to the atmosphere

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67
Q

Rhonchi

A

Lower-pitched sounds like snoring or rattling, secretions in larger airways (pneumonia, bronchitis, aspiration)

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68
Q

Tachypnea

A

Abnorally fast respirations; usually more than 24 respirations per minute

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69
Q

Ventilation

A

The movement of air in and out of the lungs; the process of inhalation and exhalation

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70
Q

Wheeze

A

Continuous high-pitched whistling sound heard when air is forced through a narrow space during inspiration or expiration

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71
Q

Accomodation

A

A process of change whereby cognitive processes mature sufficiently to allow a person to solve problems that were previously unsolvable

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72
Q

Alert

A

Mentally responsive

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73
Q

Aphasia

A

Any defects in or loss of the power to express oneself by speech, writing, or signs, or to comprehend spoken or written language due to disease or injury of the cerebral cortex

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74
Q

Attention Span

A

The length of time a person can concentrate on any one thing

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75
Q

Comatose

A

In a state of deep and unusually prolonged unconsciousness

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76
Q

Convergence

A

A binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object. The greater the inward strain, the closer the object.

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77
Q

Extraocular Movements (EOM)

A

These are eye movements controlled by several pairs of eye musscles. During the assessment, both eyes should move in a coordinated manner. No movement in one may indicate neurologic pathology

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78
Q

Glasgow Coma Scale

A

A neurologic scale used to assess level of consciousness

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79
Q

Lethargic

A

Difficult to arouse

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80
Q

Level of Consciousness (LOC)

A

A subtle change is the first indicatior of a decline in neurological status. Changes can include a complaint of headache; restlessness, irritability, or being unusually quiet; slurred speech; or a change in the level of orientation. Decerebrate or decorticate posturing, as well as pinpoint or dilated and nonreactive pupils, is a late sign of deterioration. Notify MD immediately of any change

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81
Q

Memory

A

The cognitive processes whereby past experience is remebered

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82
Q

Orientation

A

The mental status of a patient as measured by memory of person (name), place (current location), time (current year, month, and approximate date), and event (What happened)

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83
Q

PERRLA/PERLA

A

Acronym for Pupils Equals, Round, React to Light, Accomodation

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84
Q

Pupil Reactions

A

Measure time to contract to bright light. Dilate to darkness

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85
Q

Pupil Size

A

Normally 3-7 mm in diameter miosis- if 6 mm (head injury, drugs) anisocoria- unequal pupils. A blown pupil can be fatal

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86
Q

Reflex

A

Involuntary response to a stimulus

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87
Q

Anorexia

A

Loss of appetite

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88
Q

Anthropometric

A

Measurements including height, weight and other body measurements such as fat composition and head and chest circumferences

89
Q

Basal Metobolism Rate (BMR)

A

The rate of energy utilization in the body required to maintain essential activities such as breathing

90
Q

Buccal Cavity

A

The cavity between the jaws and the cheeks

91
Q

Caries

A

Tooth cavities

92
Q

Cholesterol

A

A lipid that does not contain fatty acid but possesses many of the chemical and physical properties of other lipids

93
Q

Digestion

A

The breaking down of food into nutrients the body can use. The digestive system is a series of body organs that break foods down and absorb their nutrients

94
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

95
Q

Heartburn

A

A painful burning sensation in the chest caused by gastroesophageal reflux (backflow from the stomach irritating the esophagus)

96
Q

Ideal Body Weight (IBW)

A

The optimal weight recommended for optimal health

97
Q

Lipid

A

Organic substances that are greasy and insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol or ether

98
Q

Minerals

A

A substance found in organic compounds, as inorganic compounds and as free ions

99
Q

Nutrient

A

Organic, inorganic, energy-producing substances found in foods required for body functioning

100
Q

Triglycerides

A

Substances that have three fatty acids; they account for more than 90% of the lipids in food and in the body

101
Q

Vitamins

A

An organic compound that cannot be manufactured by the body and is needed in small quantities to catalyze metabolic processes

102
Q

Borborygmi

A

Loud, gurgling bowel sounds signaling increased motility or hyperperistalsis, occurs with early bowel obstruction, gastroenteritis, diarrhea

103
Q

Bowel Movement

A

The passage of stool from the bowel

104
Q

Colon

A

The part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum

105
Q

Constipation

A

Passage of small, dry, hard stool or passage of no stool for a period of time

106
Q

Diarrhea

A

Defecation of liquid feces and increased frequency of defecation

107
Q

Fecal Impaction

A

A mass or collection of hardened, putty-like feces in the folds of the rectum

108
Q

Feces (stool)

A

Excreted waste products

109
Q

Flatulence

A

The presence of excessive amounts of gas in the stomach or intestines

110
Q

Flatus

A

Gas or air normally present in the stomach or intestines

111
Q

Girth

A

The distance around a person’s body

112
Q

Hemoccult (Occult blood, Guaiac)

A

A test performed for occult (hidden) blood in the stool to detect gastrointestinal bleeding not visible to the eye

113
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Distended veins in the rectum

114
Q

Hyperactive Bowel Sounds

A

Loud, gurgling sounds, “borborygmi,” signal increased motility. They occur with early mechanical bowel obstruction (high-pitched), gastroenteritis, brisk diarrhea, laxative use, and subsiding paralytic ileus

115
Q

Hypoactive Bowel Sounds

A

Diminished or absent bowel sounds signal decreased motility as a result of inflammation as seen with peritonitis; from paralytic ileus as following abdominal surgery; or from late bowel obstruction. Also occurs with pneumonia

116
Q

Incontinence (bowel)

A

The loss of voluntary ability to control fecal and gaseous discharges through the anal sphincter. There is partial and major

117
Q

Laxative

A

Medications that stimulate bowel activity and assist fecal elimination

118
Q

Ostomy

A

An opening on the abdominal wall for the elimination of feces or urine

119
Q

Peristalsis

A

Wavelike movement produced by circular and longitudinal muscle fibers of the intestinal walls; the movement propels the intestinal contents onward

120
Q

Stool

A

Excreted waste products

121
Q

Anuria

A

The failure of the kidneys to produce urine, resulting in a total lack of urination or output of less than 100 mL per day in an adult

122
Q

Catheteriztion

A

Performed to withdraw urine for diagnostic purposes, to control incontinence, or to place fluid into the bladder

123
Q

Costovertebral Angle

A

One of two angels that outline a space over the kidneys that is formed by the rib cage and the vertebral column

124
Q

Cystoscopy

A

Visual examination of the urinary bladder with a cytoscope

125
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful or difficult voiding

126
Q

Enuresis

A

Bed-wetting; involuntary passing of urine in children after bladder control is achieved

127
Q

Flank

A

The side between ribs and hipbone

128
Q

Frequency

A

The need to urinate often

129
Q

Incontinence

A

Inability to control bladder and/or bowels

130
Q

Glycosuria

A

The presence of abnormally high levels of sugar in the urine

131
Q

Hematuria

A

The presence of blood in the urine

132
Q

Hesitancy

A

A delay and difficulty initiating voiding; often associated with dysuria

133
Q

Micturition

A

The process of emptying the bladder

134
Q

Nocturia

A

Voiding two or more times a night

135
Q

Oliguria

A

Production of abnormally small amounts of urine by the kidney

136
Q

Polyuria

A

The production of large amounts of urine by the kidneys without an increased fluid intake

137
Q

Proteinuria

A

The presence of excessive protein (chiefly albumin but also globulin) in the urine

138
Q

Pyuria

A

Presence of white blood cells in the urine

139
Q

Residual Urine

A

The amount of urine remaining in the bladder after a person voids

140
Q

Retention

A

Inability to empty the bladder

141
Q

Stress Incontinence

A

Urinary incontinence that occurs when involuntary pressure is put on the bladder by coughing or laughing or sneezing or lifting or straining

142
Q

Urge Incontinence

A

Urinary incontinence that is generally attributable to involuntary contracts of the bladder muscle resulting in an urgent need to urinate accompanied by a sudden loss of urine

143
Q

Urgency

A

The feeling that one must urinate

144
Q

Urinary Incontinence

A

A temporary or permanent inability of the extermal sphincter muscle to control the flow of urine from the bladder

145
Q

Urination

A

The process of emptying the bladder

146
Q

Voiding

A

Urinate

147
Q

Abrasion

A

Loss or damage of the superficial layer of the skin as a result of a body part rubbing or scraping across a rough or hard surface

148
Q

Alopecia

A

The loss of scalp hair (baldness) or body hair

149
Q

Antibody

A

Immunoglobulins, part of the body’s plasma proteins, defend primarily against the extracellular phases of bacterial and viral intections

150
Q

Ashen

A

ash-colored or anemic looking from illness or emotion

151
Q

Cerumen

A

Earwax

152
Q

Contusion

A

An injury that doesn’t break the skin but results in some discoloration

153
Q

Dermis

A

Second layer of skin, holding blood vessels, nerve endings, sweat glands, and hair follicles

154
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Sweating

155
Q

Ecchymosis

A

The purple or black-and-blue area resulting from a bruise

156
Q

Epidermis

A

Outer layer of skin

157
Q

Exudates

A

Purulent drainage

158
Q

Gingivitis

A

Red, swollen gingiva (gums)

159
Q

Halitosis

A

The condition of having foul smelling breath

160
Q

Hematoma

A

A contusion or “black eye” resulting from injury

161
Q

Hirsutism

A

The growth of excessive body hair

162
Q

Incision

A

The cutting of or into body tissues or organs (especially by a surgeon as part of an operation)

163
Q

Immunity

A

A specific resistance of the body to infection; it may be natural, or resistance may develop after exposure to a disease agent

164
Q

Inflammation

A

Local and nonspecific defensive tissue response to injury or destruction of cells

165
Q

Integumentary System

A

The organ system that forms a protective covering on the outside of the body

166
Q

Keratosis

A

Term for any skin condtion involving an overgrowth and thickening of the epidermis layer

167
Q

Laceration

A

Torn, ragged-edged wound

168
Q

Lentigo Senilus

A

Old age spots. Flat brownish pigmented spot on the skin, due to increased deposition of melanin and an increased number of melanocytes

169
Q

Macrophage

A

Large white blood cell that removes bacteria, foreign particles, and dead cells

170
Q

Necrosis

A

The localized death of living cells (as from infection or the interruption of blood supply)

171
Q

Phagocyte

A

Cells that ingest microorganisms, other cells, and foreign particles

172
Q

Petechiae

A

Small, pinpoint, purplish hemorrhagic spots on the skin

173
Q

Pressure Ulcer (Decubitus ulcer, bedsore)

A

Reddened areas, sores, or ulcers of the skin occurring over bony prominences

174
Q

Puncture

A

Creates small hole in the skin

175
Q

Sebum

A

The oily, lubricating secretion of sebaceous glands in the skin

176
Q

Abduction

A

Moving of a body part away from the central axis of the body

177
Q

Adduction

A

Moving of a body part toward the central axis of the body

178
Q

Ankylosis

A

Immobility of a joint

179
Q

Atrophy

A

Waisting away; decreased in size of organ or tissue (e.g. muscle)

180
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular movement of joint, combining movements; possible in shoulder joint, hip joint, and trunk around a fixing point

181
Q

Contractures

A

The permanent and often painful stiffening of a joint and muscle

182
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Bending of the foot or the toes upward

183
Q

Eversion

A

Turning the sole of the foot outward

184
Q

Extension

A

Act of stretching or straightening out a flexed limb

185
Q

External Rotation

A

Rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body

186
Q

Flaccidity

A

Weak or lax, loss of muscle tone, limp

187
Q

Flexibility

A

The ability to move a part through a full range of motion

188
Q

Flexion

A

Bending a joint

189
Q

Foot drop

A

Plantar flexion contracture

190
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Paralysis of one side of the body

191
Q

Hyperextension

A

The extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit

192
Q

Internal Rotation

A

Rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body

193
Q

Inversion

A

Turning inward

194
Q

Opposition

A

Movement of the thumb in which the thumb moves across the palm to touch the tips of the fingers on the same hand

195
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Demineralization of the bone

196
Q

Paraplegia

A

Paralysis from the waist down

197
Q

Paralysis

A

Loss of the ability to move a body part

198
Q

Paresis

A

A slight or partial paralysis

199
Q

Plantar Flexion

A

Bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground

200
Q

Pronation

A

Rotation of the hands and forearms so that the palms face downward

201
Q

Prone Position

A

Lying face down

202
Q

Range of Motion (ROM)

A

Total motion possible in a joint, described by the terms related to body movements, i.e., ability to flex,extend, abduct, or adduct; measured in degrees

203
Q

Rotation

A

A single turn (axial or orbital)

204
Q

Spasticity

A

A condition of increased muscular tone causing stiff and awkward movements

205
Q

Supination

A

Rotation of the hands and forearms so that the palms face upward

206
Q

Supine Position

A

Lying on back, facing upward

207
Q

Acute Pain

A

Pain that lasts only through the expected recovery period (as opposed to chronic)

208
Q

Chronic Pain

A

Prolonged pain, usually reacurring or persisting over 6 months or longer, that interferes with functioning

209
Q

Diffuse

A

Spread out

210
Q

Intractable

A

Pain that is resistance to cure or relief

211
Q

Periodicity

A

The tendency to recur at regular intervals

212
Q

Pharmacologic

A

A known, inherent pharmacologic effect of a drug, directly related to dose

213
Q

Psychogenic

A

Originating in the mind

214
Q

Referred

A

Pain perceived to be in one are but whose source is another area

215
Q

Somatic

A

Originates in the skin, muscle, bone, or connective tissue

216
Q

Threshold

A

The least amount of stimuli that is needed for a person to label a sensation as pain

217
Q

Tolerance

A

The maximum amount of pain stimuli that a person is willing to withstand without seeking avoidance of the pain or relief

218
Q

Visceral

A

Pain arising from organs or hollow viscera

NSG 1100 (22 decks)

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