Unit IV (Bladder) Flashcards
Where does the nurse palpate when assessing the kidneys? What is the nurse assessing for?
Flanks are assessed (side between hips and ribs) and Costovertebral angle. The nurse is assessing for pain/tenderness.
What does pain/tenderness at the flank or costovertbral angle signify?
Possible inflamed or enlarged kidneys.
How is the patient positioned to assess the kidneys?
Sitting, facing away from the nurse.
What are the normal color limits of urine?
Pale yellow-Amber
What affects the color of urine?
Concentration, food and medication, disease process.
The nurse notes the patients urine to smell of ammonia. What does this signify?
Urinary Stasis
What can affect the odor of urine?
Food, medications, disease process.
What are the normal contents of urine?
Water, urea nitrogen, sodium chloride, and creatinine.
What is considered abnormal in urine?
Blood, WBC’s, Glucose (sugars), protein, pus.
What is the clarity of normal freshly voided urine?
Clear
What would the nurse expect the clarity of urine that has been in the specimen cup for a long period of time to be?
Cloudy
What is the normal range of urine output for adults?
1,200-1,500 ml/day
What is the normal range of urine pH for adults?
5.0-9.0
What is the ‘mean’ pH of urine?
6.0
Is urine acidic or basic?
Acidic
What is the normal range of specific gravity of urine?
1.001-1.029
The patient asks the nurse what specific gravity measures. How does the nurse respond.
Specific gravity measures the density of urine compared to water.
The specific gravity for your patients urine is 1.032. Is the urine more concentrated, or diluted?
Urine is concentrated.
The specific gravity for your patients urine is 1. Is the urine more concentrated, or diluted?
Urine is more dilute.
The higher the specific gravity, the more _______ the urine.
concentrate
The lower the specific gravity, the more _______ the urine.
dilute.
Your patient is dehydrated. The nurse would expect the specific gravity to be _____ (High/Low)?
High (more solids than water)
Your patient is overhydrated. The nurse would expect the specific gravity to be _____ (High/Low)?
Low (more water than solids)
Ingesting food and beverages high in caffeine or alcohol can ______ urine production. Alcohol and Caffeine are considered _______.
increase
diuretics