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nsg 1100 > Unit IV (Bladder) > Flashcards

Unit IV (Bladder) Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the nurse palpate when assessing the kidneys? What is the nurse assessing for?

A

Flanks are assessed (side between hips and ribs) and Costovertebral angle. The nurse is assessing for pain/tenderness.

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2
Q

What does pain/tenderness at the flank or costovertbral angle signify?

A

Possible inflamed or enlarged kidneys.

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3
Q

How is the patient positioned to assess the kidneys?

A

Sitting, facing away from the nurse.

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4
Q

What are the normal color limits of urine?

A

Pale yellow-Amber

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5
Q

What affects the color of urine?

A

Concentration, food and medication, disease process.

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6
Q

The nurse notes the patients urine to smell of ammonia. What does this signify?

A

Urinary Stasis

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7
Q

What can affect the odor of urine?

A

Food, medications, disease process.

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8
Q

What are the normal contents of urine?

A

Water, urea nitrogen, sodium chloride, and creatinine.

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9
Q

What is considered abnormal in urine?

A

Blood, WBC’s, Glucose (sugars), protein, pus.

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10
Q

What is the clarity of normal freshly voided urine?

A

Clear

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11
Q

What would the nurse expect the clarity of urine that has been in the specimen cup for a long period of time to be?

A

Cloudy

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12
Q

What is the normal range of urine output for adults?

A

1,200-1,500 ml/day

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13
Q

What is the normal range of urine pH for adults?

A

5.0-9.0

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14
Q

What is the ‘mean’ pH of urine?

A

6.0

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15
Q

Is urine acidic or basic?

A

Acidic

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16
Q

What is the normal range of specific gravity of urine?

A

1.001-1.029

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17
Q

The patient asks the nurse what specific gravity measures. How does the nurse respond.

A

Specific gravity measures the density of urine compared to water.

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18
Q

The specific gravity for your patients urine is 1.032. Is the urine more concentrated, or diluted?

A

Urine is concentrated.

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19
Q

The specific gravity for your patients urine is 1. Is the urine more concentrated, or diluted?

A

Urine is more dilute.

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20
Q

The higher the specific gravity, the more _______ the urine.

A

concentrate

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21
Q

The lower the specific gravity, the more _______ the urine.

A

dilute.

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22
Q

Your patient is dehydrated. The nurse would expect the specific gravity to be _____ (High/Low)?

A

High (more solids than water)

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23
Q

Your patient is overhydrated. The nurse would expect the specific gravity to be _____ (High/Low)?

A

Low (more water than solids)

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24
Q

Ingesting food and beverages high in caffeine or alcohol can ______ urine production. Alcohol and Caffeine are considered _______.

A

increase

diuretics

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25
Q

Eating foods that are high in sodium cause fluid ________, and will ______ urine output.

A

retention

decrease

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26
Q

Your patient is not producing urine. The nurse would chart this as:

A

anuria

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27
Q

You patient is having difficulty urinating due to pain and burning. The nurse would chart this as:

A

dysuria

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28
Q

Your patient has voided 10 times in the past hour. You would chart this as:

A

frequency.

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29
Q

Blood is noted in the urine. This is termed:

A

hematuria

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30
Q

You patient voices the need to urinate, but has trouble initiating urination. The nurse charts this as:

A

hesitancy

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31
Q

Your patient is unable to control urination. This is termed:

A

incontinence

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32
Q

You patient wakes every hour during the night to void. This is charted as:

A

nocturia

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33
Q

You patient has voided less than 500ml of urine for the entire day or less than 30ml/hr. This is termed:

A

oliguria

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34
Q

While reviewing your patients I/O sheet, you notice their total urinary output to be 3,000ml. The nurse recognizes this to be:

A

polyuria

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35
Q

While emptying the patients indwelling catheter, the nurse notes strands of pus in the tubing and collection bag. The nurse will chart the findings as:

A

pyuria

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36
Q

After voicing the need to void, and scanning the bladder to identify 300ml of urine are present, the nurse identifies the patient is experiencing:

A

retention.

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37
Q

The patient has just voided. Any urine left in the bladder is termed:

A

residual.

38
Q

You patient has a very strong desire to void. The nurse charts the patient to experience:

A

Urgency (if ignored leads to incontinence)

39
Q

What is determined when assessing the bladder?

A

Symmetry, location, size, and sensation.

40
Q

What considerations does the nurse make when palpating the bladder?

A

Gentle palpation should always be used, as pressing firmly may cause the sensation to void.

41
Q

What would the nurse expect to find when palpating a patient who’s bladder is empty?

A

Bladder should not be palpable.

42
Q

What is the normal bladder capacity?

A

300-600ml

43
Q

The usually continent patient has an involuntary episode of urinary incontinence. (Does not involve system but is due to waiting and now can’t reach toilet in time) What type of incontinence will the nurse document?

A

Functional Incontinence

44
Q

The patient sneezes and leaks approximately 30ml-50ml of urine. The nurse identifies this type of incontinence as:

A

Stress Incontinence.

45
Q

The patient who’s bladder has reached a certain level will automatically begin voiding. This type of incontinence is termed:

A

Reflex Incontinence.

46
Q

What type of incontinence is related to spinal cord injury?

A

Reflex Incontinence

47
Q

The patient has experience a strong urgency to void, and involuntary passes urine. This type of incontinence is called:

A

Urge incontinence

48
Q

Mixed incontinence combines what two incontinence types?

A

Urge & Stress

49
Q

Normal Blood Urea Nitrogen levels

A

8-21 mg/dl

50
Q

Urea Nitrogen is the end result of _______ __________.

A

protein metabolism.

51
Q

A dehydrated patient would be expected to have _____ (High/Low) Blood Urea Nitrogen levels.

A

High

52
Q

Elevated BUN levels suggest what two conditions may be present?

A

Dehydration or renal dysfunction.

53
Q

Normal Creatinine level for men?

A

0.6-1.2 mg/dl

54
Q

Normal Creatinine level for women?

A

0.5-1.1 mg/dl

55
Q

Creatinine is a product of ________ __________.

A

Muscle Catabolism

56
Q

Creatinine is filtered by ______ of the ______.

A

Glomeruli of the kidney

57
Q

How is creatinine usually excreted?

A

Urine

58
Q

Elevated creatinine levels indicate damage to what part of the kidney?

A

nephrons

59
Q

How is a clean catch specimen collected?

A

“Mid Stream”-
Patient cleanses perineal area, begins urinating, passes specimen cup under stream to obtain specimen and removes cup before the urine stream stops.

60
Q

How is a 24 hour urine collection-timed specimen obtained?

A

The first voided specimen of the morning is discarded. All urine for the next 24 hours is collected in a large collection bottle.

61
Q

What special precautions must the nurse and patient be aware of for a patient obtaining a 24 hour collection-timed specimen?

A

Do no contaminate the urine with tissue paper or stool.

62
Q

What is a KUB?

A

Xray of the size and structure of the kidney, ureter, and bladder.

63
Q

What does a KUB detect?

A

Renal stones (Calculi)
Kidney Masses
Bladder Masses

64
Q

The visualization of the bladder with a scope is termed:

A

cystoscopy

65
Q

What procedure can visualize the entire urinary tract by visualizing dye as it is excreted by the urinary system.

A

Intravenous Pyelography (IVP)

66
Q

Which diagnostic procedure uses dye to visualize the renal system?

A

Intravenous Pyelography (IVP)

67
Q

What increases are seen in the urinary system for geriatric considerations?

A

Increased urgency and frequency. (Enlarged prostate for males)

68
Q

What does the nurse inspect during a kidney assessment? (VISUAL)

A

Color of skin

Symmetry of area

69
Q

Sodium intake causes

A

Fluid retention

Decrease urine excretion

70
Q

Oliguria reflects

A

Inadequate blood flow

Kidneys slowly shutting down

71
Q

Range for polyuria

A

Above 1500-2500 ml estimate of urine excretion

72
Q

Define retention

A

Urine produced normally but inability to excrete from the bladder

73
Q

Distended bladder feels

A

Smooth
Round
Taut (tight)
Visible in supra pubic area

74
Q

What lab values indicate renal dysfunction

A

BUN

Creatinine

75
Q

Purpose of a clean catch

A

C&S

76
Q

The cystoscopy can obtain ______ is needed during inspection.

A

Biopsies

77
Q

What minimizes pain during cystoscopy

A

Local anesthesia

78
Q

What does IVP identify

A 
Abnormal:
size
Shape
Function 
Of the kidney, ureters, & bladder
79
Q

What decreases in the urinary system are seen as we age

A 
Decrease:
Nephrons
Blood supply to the kidneys
Bladder tone & contractility
Ability to concentrate urine
Bladder capacity
Sphincter tone in females
80
Q

What does the nurse inspect during a kidney assessment? (VISUAL)

A

Color of skin

Symmetry of area

81
Q

Sodium intake causes

A

Fluid retention

Decrease urine excretion

82
Q

Oliguria reflects

A

Inadequate blood flow

Kidneys slowly shutting down

83
Q

Range for polyuria

A

Above 1500-2500 ml estimate of urine excretion

84
Q

Define retention

A

Urine produced normally but inability to excrete from the bladder

85
Q

Distended bladder feels

A

Smooth
Round
Taut (tight)
Visible in supra pubic area

86
Q

What lab values indicate renal dysfunction

A

BUN

Creatinine

87
Q

Purpose of a clean catch

A

C&S

88
Q

The cystoscopy can obtain ______ is needed during inspection.

A

Biopsies

89
Q

What minimizes pain during cystoscopy

A

Local anesthesia

90
Q

What does IVP identify

A 
Abnormal:
size
Shape
Function 
Of the kidney, ureters, & bladder
91
Q

What decreases in the urinary system are seen as we age

A 
Decrease:
Nephrons
Blood supply to the kidneys
Bladder tone & contractility
Ability to concentrate urine
Bladder capacity
Sphincter tone in females

nsg 1100 (22 decks)

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