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NSG 1100 > Unit IV (Mobility/Activity) > Flashcards

Unit IV (Mobility/Activity) Flashcards

1
Q

Name the functions of the skeletal system.

A

1) Supports soft tissues (Maintains form/postures)
2) Protects delicate tissues
3) Produces movement (ROM)
4) Storage of Minerals
5) Produce RBC’s & bone marrow

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2
Q

Range of motion is defined as _________ movement that is normally possible for that joint. _______ movement and ______ of movement for each joint.

A

Maximum

Expected extent

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3
Q

What does the nurse inspect (visual) the joint for?

A

symmetry, redness, swelling, contracture.

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4
Q

Muscle shortening is termed:

A

Contracture

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5
Q

What does the nurse assess when palpating a joint?

A

Warmth, Tenderness

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6
Q

The nurse hears grating sounds when the patient flexes their knee caused by deteration of a joint. This sounds is termed:

A

crepitus

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7
Q

The joint has extensive mineral loss, and excessive calcium deposits. This condition is called:

A

Ankylosis

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8
Q

The patient with ankylosis will suffer what S/S?

A

Stiffness and pain in the joint. Possible permanent immobilization of the joint.

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9
Q

Alignment & Posture promote _________ __________

A

physiological functioning

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10
Q

What are the effects of poor posture and positioning?

A

Muscle fatigue & stress resulting in muscle damage and nerve dysfunction.

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11
Q

A lateral spinal curvature that is s-shaped is termed:

A

Scoliosis.

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12
Q

What would the nurse expect the thorax of a patient with scoliosis to look like? Hips?

A

Thorax will appear higher on affected side. Hips on affected side will appear more prominent.

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13
Q

The patient with kyphosis will appear to have a ‘______ ______’, and is more common in ______ _______.

A

‘hunched back’

elderly women

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14
Q

The patient with a ‘sway back’ is likely to have______. This condition is commonly seen in _______ and ________.

A

lordosis.
pregnancy and obesity
Can become permanent

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15
Q

What are the general benefits of exercise for muscle?

A
  • Increases muscles mass, tone, strength, and joint mobility
  • Increases Muscle coordination
  • Increases efficacy of Neuromuscular transmission.
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16
Q

What causes atrophy?

A

Inactivity

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17
Q

What causes hypertrophy?

A

Exercise and weight training

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18
Q

An increase in muscle mass resulting from exercise and weight training is termed:

A

hypertrophy

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19
Q

A decrease in muscle size, mass, and strength with a decrease in joint mobility and flexibility is termed:

A

atrophy

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20
Q

The nurse would expect the patient with atrophy to have _______ endurance.

A

limited

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21
Q

The patient has weak, soft, flabby, and hypotonic muscles. The nurse charts this as:

A

flaccid

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22
Q

Muscles tend to ______ and decrease in _____ when not used.

A

atrophy, mass

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23
Q

Muscle that contracts by reflex activity rather than central nervous system is called _______

A

Spastic

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24
Q

Two causes of spastic muscle movement are:

A

Spinal Cord injury
(disrupts nervous system communication between brain & muscles)
Neuromuscular Dysfunction

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25
Q

Muscle that has impaired strength, weakness, or numbness is termed:

A

Paresis

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26
Q

Impaired strength or weakness on 1/2 side of the body.

A

Hemiparesis

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27
Q

The absence of strength, secondary to nervous impairment, is termed:

A

Plegia

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28
Q

Paralysis on 1/2 side of the body.

A

Hemiplegia

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29
Q

Paralysis in the legs or trunk

A

Paraplegia

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30
Q

Paralysis in arms, trunk and legs

A

Quadriplegia

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31
Q

How does the nurse assess muscle strength?

A

Applying resistance. (Push/Pull hand/arms, legs/feet)

Assess 1 group of muscles to another bilaterally (dominant side may be stronger)

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32
Q

The patient moves their leg from behind to in front of the body. While one leg is in the stance position the other leg is in the swing position. What stage of gait are they in?

A

Swing

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33
Q

The patient’s heel of the right foot strikes the ground while the toe of the left foot pushes off. What stage of gait are they in?

A

Stance

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34
Q

The pt’s vital signs are obtained at rest. The pt is then asked to walk up stairs.you observe the clients response then vital signs are immediately obtained after activity. Vital signs are again taken 3 mins following the activity. Then observe if vitals have returned to normal and how fast. What is being assessed? Who completes this Assessment?

A

Endurance (Activity Tolerance)

Physical Therapy

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35
Q

Exercise that produces muscle contraction and active movement.

A

Isotonic

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36
Q

Exercise that produces muscle contraction without muscle shortening or joint movement.

A

Isometric

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37
Q

Exercise that causes muscle contraction against resistance.

A

Isokinetic

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38
Q

What type of exercise uses weights and machines to put muscles through ROM at every point?

A

Isokinetic

39
Q

What type of exercise increases muscle strength and tone and improves cardiac function?

A

Isotonic

40
Q

What is the most common sleep disorder?

A

Insomnia

41
Q

What type of insomnia does the patient who has trouble falling asleep have?

A

Initial Insomnia

42
Q

What type of insomnia does the patient who experiences frequent prolonged periods of awakening have?

A

Intermittent Insomnia

43
Q

What type of insomnia does the patient who wake early morning with inability to return to sleep have?

A

Terminal Insomnia

44
Q

10 second - 2 min Periods of no sleeping between snoring intervals is called:

A

Sleep apnea

45
Q

The nurse educates the patient that causes of sleep apnea are:

A

Increased B/P

Irregular Pulse

46
Q

Repeated episodes of sleep apnea put the patient at risk for what cardiovascular disease?

A

Cardiac Irregularities.

47
Q

The patient has slow reflexes, and history of pathological fractures. What would the nurse expect the calcium level to be?

A

High, >10.2

48
Q

The nurse instructs the patient that their low level of calcium puts them at risk for:

A

Osteoporosis

49
Q

What would the nurse expect to see the patients phosphorus levels is the pt is experiencing neuromuscular deficits?

A

Low levels

50
Q

What diagnostic study is given orally or IV and uses radioactive isotopes to visualize diseased tissue?

A

Bone Scan

51
Q

What diagnostic procedure measures bone mass, density, and mineral concentration?

A

DEXA studies

52
Q

DEXA scans identify risk for:

A

Osteoporosis.

53
Q

What diagnostic study identifies bone structures and detects fractures, and other abnormalities such as size, structure, & shape of bone?

A

Skeletal XRay.

54
Q

What diagnostic procedure measures the electrical activity of the muscles?

A

Electromyelogram (EMG)

55
Q

What determines function and extent

A

ROM

56
Q

Bony enlargement is known as

A

A deformity

57
Q

What is a joint

A

Union between two bones

58
Q

What is the purpose of a joint

A

Secure bones firmly together but allow for some degree of movement between the 2 bones.

59
Q

What holds joints together

A

Ligaments

60
Q

Why are body parts aligned

A

For musculoskeletal balance

61
Q

Define Kyphosis

A

Abnormal condition of vertebral column where shoulders are slouched and vertebral bones are prominent

62
Q

Lack of muscle tone resulting from disuse with no ability to contract where muscles tend to atrophy and decrease in mass is called

A

Flaccid

63
Q

Integrated functioning of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems is called

A

Coordination

64
Q

Body movements are voluntarily controlled purposeful coordinated and fluid defines

A

Ease

Quick or slow

65
Q

What is controlled by nervous system, cerebellum and inner ear

A

Balance

66
Q

What is the awareness of posture, movement, & change in equilibrium & knowledge of position & wt in relation of objects to the body
(Know where body parts are in relation to position & movement)

A

Proprioception

67
Q

What to monitor for gait

A 
Pt walking
Coordination 
Posture 
Balance 
Pace (fast or slow)
Ability to bear wt (from lie-sit-stand)
68
Q

Isotonic exercise increases

A

Muscle tone & strength
Joint mobility
Cardiac & respiratory function
(1st start runner=SOB then after time = easier)

69
Q

Define sleep

A

State of rest accompanied by altered consciousness with decreased perception & response to environmental stimuli

70
Q

SX of sleep apnea

A 
Loud snoring
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Nocturnal awakening 
Irritability 
Morning headache
71
Q

What is elevated in relationship to calcium levels

A

Phosphorous (nerve to muscle transmission & makes bones & teeth strong)

72
Q

Low levels of phosphorous leads to

A

Neuromuscular deficits

73
Q

Bone Scan detects

A

Radioactive material that concentrates in the disease tissue

74
Q

During EMG when is muscle activity recorded

A

At rest

both voluntary activity and with electrical stimulation

75
Q

What determines function and extent

A

ROM

76
Q

Bony enlargement is known as

A

A deformity

77
Q

What is a joint

A

Union between two bones

78
Q

What is the purpose of a joint

A

Secure bones firmly together but allow for some degree of movement between the 2 bones.

79
Q

What holds joints together

A

Ligaments

80
Q

Why are body parts aligned

A

For musculoskeletal balance

81
Q

Define Kyphosis

A

Abnormal condition of vertebral column where shoulders are slouched and vertebral bones are prominent

82
Q

Lack of muscle tone resulting from disuse with no ability to contract where muscles tend to atrophy and decrease in mass is called

A

Flaccid

83
Q

Integrated functioning of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems is called

A

Coordination

84
Q

Body movements are voluntarily controlled purposeful coordinated and fluid defines

A

Ease

Quick or slow

85
Q

What is controlled by nervous system, cerebellum and inner ear

A

Balance

86
Q

What is the awareness of posture, movement, & change in equilibrium & knowledge of position & wt in relation of objects to the body
(Know where body parts are in relation to position & movement)

A

Proprioception

87
Q

What to monitor for gait

A 
Pt walking
Coordination 
Posture 
Balance 
Pace (fast or slow)
Ability to bear wt (from lie-sit-stand)
88
Q

Isotonic exercise increases

A

Muscle tone & strength
Joint mobility
Cardiac & respiratory function
(1st start runner=SOB then after time = easier)

89
Q

Define sleep

A

State of rest accompanied by altered consciousness with decreased perception & response to environmental stimuli

90
Q

SX of sleep apnea

A 
Loud snoring
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Nocturnal awakening 
Irritability 
Morning headache
91
Q

What is elevated in relationship to calcium levels

A

Phosphorous (nerve to muscle transmission & makes bones & teeth strong)

92
Q

Low levels of phosphorous leads to

A

Neuromuscular deficits

93
Q

Bone Scan detects

A

Radioactive material that concentrates in the disease tissue

94
Q

During EMG when is muscle activity recorded

A

At rest

both voluntary activity and with electrical stimulation

NSG 1100 (22 decks)

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