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Unit IV (Mobility/Activity) Flashcards

1
Q

Name the functions of the skeletal system.

A

1) Supports soft tissues (Maintains form/postures)
2) Protects delicate tissues
3) Produces movement (ROM)
4) Storage of Minerals
5) Produce RBC’s & bone marrow

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2
Q

Range of motion is defined as _________ movement that is normally possible for that joint. _______ movement and ______ of movement for each joint.

A

Maximum

Expected extent

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3
Q

What does the nurse inspect (visual) the joint for?

A

symmetry, redness, swelling, contracture.

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4
Q

Muscle shortening is termed:

A

Contracture

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5
Q

What does the nurse assess when palpating a joint?

A

Warmth, Tenderness

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6
Q

The nurse hears grating sounds when the patient flexes their knee caused by deteration of a joint. This sounds is termed:

A

crepitus

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7
Q

The joint has extensive mineral loss, and excessive calcium deposits. This condition is called:

A

Ankylosis

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8
Q

The patient with ankylosis will suffer what S/S?

A

Stiffness and pain in the joint. Possible permanent immobilization of the joint.

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9
Q

Alignment & Posture promote _________ __________

A

physiological functioning

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10
Q

What are the effects of poor posture and positioning?

A

Muscle fatigue & stress resulting in muscle damage and nerve dysfunction.

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11
Q

A lateral spinal curvature that is s-shaped is termed:

A

Scoliosis.

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12
Q

What would the nurse expect the thorax of a patient with scoliosis to look like? Hips?

A

Thorax will appear higher on affected side. Hips on affected side will appear more prominent.

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13
Q

The patient with kyphosis will appear to have a ‘______ ______’, and is more common in ______ _______.

A

‘hunched back’

elderly women

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14
Q

The patient with a ‘sway back’ is likely to have______. This condition is commonly seen in _______ and ________.

A

lordosis.
pregnancy and obesity
Can become permanent

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15
Q

What are the general benefits of exercise for muscle?

A
  • Increases muscles mass, tone, strength, and joint mobility
  • Increases Muscle coordination
  • Increases efficacy of Neuromuscular transmission.
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16
Q

What causes atrophy?

A

Inactivity

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17
Q

What causes hypertrophy?

A

Exercise and weight training

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18
Q

An increase in muscle mass resulting from exercise and weight training is termed:

A

hypertrophy

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19
Q

A decrease in muscle size, mass, and strength with a decrease in joint mobility and flexibility is termed:

A

atrophy

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20
Q

The nurse would expect the patient with atrophy to have _______ endurance.

A

limited

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21
Q

The patient has weak, soft, flabby, and hypotonic muscles. The nurse charts this as:

A

flaccid

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22
Q

Muscles tend to ______ and decrease in _____ when not used.

A

atrophy, mass

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23
Q

Muscle that contracts by reflex activity rather than central nervous system is called _______

A

Spastic

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24
Q

Two causes of spastic muscle movement are:

A

Spinal Cord injury
(disrupts nervous system communication between brain & muscles)
Neuromuscular Dysfunction

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25
Muscle that has impaired strength, weakness, or numbness is termed:
Paresis
26
Impaired strength or weakness on 1/2 side of the body.
Hemiparesis
27
The absence of strength, secondary to nervous impairment, is termed:
Plegia
28
Paralysis on 1/2 side of the body.
Hemiplegia
29
Paralysis in the legs or trunk
Paraplegia
30
Paralysis in arms, trunk and legs
Quadriplegia
31
How does the nurse assess muscle strength?
Applying resistance. (Push/Pull hand/arms, legs/feet) | Assess 1 group of muscles to another bilaterally (dominant side may be stronger)
32
The patient moves their leg from behind to in front of the body. While one leg is in the stance position the other leg is in the swing position. What stage of gait are they in?
Swing
33
The patient's heel of the right foot strikes the ground while the toe of the left foot pushes off. What stage of gait are they in?
Stance
34
The pt's vital signs are obtained at rest. The pt is then asked to walk up stairs.you observe the clients response then vital signs are immediately obtained after activity. Vital signs are again taken 3 mins following the activity. Then observe if vitals have returned to normal and how fast. What is being assessed? Who completes this Assessment?
Endurance (Activity Tolerance) | Physical Therapy
35
Exercise that produces muscle contraction and active movement.
Isotonic
36
Exercise that produces muscle contraction without muscle shortening or joint movement.
Isometric
37
Exercise that causes muscle contraction against resistance.
Isokinetic
38
What type of exercise uses weights and machines to put muscles through ROM at every point?
Isokinetic
39
What type of exercise increases muscle strength and tone and improves cardiac function?
Isotonic
40
What is the most common sleep disorder?
Insomnia
41
What type of insomnia does the patient who has trouble falling asleep have?
Initial Insomnia
42
What type of insomnia does the patient who experiences frequent prolonged periods of awakening have?
Intermittent Insomnia
43
What type of insomnia does the patient who wake early morning with inability to return to sleep have?
Terminal Insomnia
44
10 second - 2 min Periods of no sleeping between snoring intervals is called:
Sleep apnea
45
The nurse educates the patient that causes of sleep apnea are:
Increased B/P | Irregular Pulse
46
Repeated episodes of sleep apnea put the patient at risk for what cardiovascular disease?
Cardiac Irregularities.
47
The patient has slow reflexes, and history of pathological fractures. What would the nurse expect the calcium level to be?
High, >10.2
48
The nurse instructs the patient that their low level of calcium puts them at risk for:
Osteoporosis
49
What would the nurse expect to see the patients phosphorus levels is the pt is experiencing neuromuscular deficits?
Low levels
50
What diagnostic study is given orally or IV and uses radioactive isotopes to visualize diseased tissue?
Bone Scan
51
What diagnostic procedure measures bone mass, density, and mineral concentration?
DEXA studies
52
DEXA scans identify risk for:
Osteoporosis.
53
What diagnostic study identifies bone structures and detects fractures, and other abnormalities such as size, structure, & shape of bone?
Skeletal XRay.
54
What diagnostic procedure measures the electrical activity of the muscles?
Electromyelogram (EMG)
55
What determines function and extent
ROM
56
Bony enlargement is known as
A deformity
57
What is a joint
Union between two bones
58
What is the purpose of a joint
Secure bones firmly together but allow for some degree of movement between the 2 bones.
59
What holds joints together
Ligaments
60
Why are body parts aligned
For musculoskeletal balance
61
Define Kyphosis
Abnormal condition of vertebral column where shoulders are slouched and vertebral bones are prominent
62
Lack of muscle tone resulting from disuse with no ability to contract where muscles tend to atrophy and decrease in mass is called
Flaccid
63
Integrated functioning of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems is called
Coordination
64
Body movements are voluntarily controlled purposeful coordinated and fluid defines
Ease | Quick or slow
65
What is controlled by nervous system, cerebellum and inner ear
Balance
66
What is the awareness of posture, movement, & change in equilibrium & knowledge of position & wt in relation of objects to the body (Know where body parts are in relation to position & movement)
Proprioception
67
What to monitor for gait
``` Pt walking Coordination Posture Balance Pace (fast or slow) Ability to bear wt (from lie-sit-stand) ```
68
Isotonic exercise increases
Muscle tone & strength Joint mobility Cardiac & respiratory function (1st start runner=SOB then after time = easier)
69
Define sleep
State of rest accompanied by altered consciousness with decreased perception & response to environmental stimuli
70
SX of sleep apnea
``` Loud snoring Excessive daytime sleepiness Nocturnal awakening Irritability Morning headache ```
71
What is elevated in relationship to calcium levels
Phosphorous (nerve to muscle transmission & makes bones & teeth strong)
72
Low levels of phosphorous leads to
Neuromuscular deficits
73
Bone Scan detects
Radioactive material that concentrates in the disease tissue
74
During EMG when is muscle activity recorded
At rest | both voluntary activity and with electrical stimulation
75
What determines function and extent
ROM
76
Bony enlargement is known as
A deformity
77
What is a joint
Union between two bones
78
What is the purpose of a joint
Secure bones firmly together but allow for some degree of movement between the 2 bones.
79
What holds joints together
Ligaments
80
Why are body parts aligned
For musculoskeletal balance
81
Define Kyphosis
Abnormal condition of vertebral column where shoulders are slouched and vertebral bones are prominent
82
Lack of muscle tone resulting from disuse with no ability to contract where muscles tend to atrophy and decrease in mass is called
Flaccid
83
Integrated functioning of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems is called
Coordination
84
Body movements are voluntarily controlled purposeful coordinated and fluid defines
Ease | Quick or slow
85
What is controlled by nervous system, cerebellum and inner ear
Balance
86
What is the awareness of posture, movement, & change in equilibrium & knowledge of position & wt in relation of objects to the body (Know where body parts are in relation to position & movement)
Proprioception
87
What to monitor for gait
``` Pt walking Coordination Posture Balance Pace (fast or slow) Ability to bear wt (from lie-sit-stand) ```
88
Isotonic exercise increases
Muscle tone & strength Joint mobility Cardiac & respiratory function (1st start runner=SOB then after time = easier)
89
Define sleep
State of rest accompanied by altered consciousness with decreased perception & response to environmental stimuli
90
SX of sleep apnea
``` Loud snoring Excessive daytime sleepiness Nocturnal awakening Irritability Morning headache ```
91
What is elevated in relationship to calcium levels
Phosphorous (nerve to muscle transmission & makes bones & teeth strong)
92
Low levels of phosphorous leads to
Neuromuscular deficits
93
Bone Scan detects
Radioactive material that concentrates in the disease tissue
94
During EMG when is muscle activity recorded
At rest | both voluntary activity and with electrical stimulation

NSG 1100 (22 decks)

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