Unit IV: Cardiovascular Diagnostic Studies/Lab Values

Question 1

What three lab values have different value ranges for men and women?

Answer 1

RBC, HCT (Hematocrit), Hgb (Hemoglobin)

Question 2

The physician orders a CBC w/ diff. What values will the laboratory send?

Answer 2

RBC, HCT, Hgb, WBC, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils.

Question 3

What is the normal range of RBC count for men?

Answer 3

5.2-5.8

Question 4

What is the normal range of RBC count for women?

Answer 4

3.9-5.10

Question 5

What does RBC measure?

Answer 5

Number of Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes) per millimeter cubed of blood.

Question 6

What give blood its red color?

Answer 6

HGB- Hemoglobin

Question 7

What is the normal range of hemoglobin for men?

Answer 7

13.2-17.3 g/dl

Question 8

What is the normal range of hemoglobin for women?

Answer 8

11.7-15.5 g/dl

Question 9

What does HGB(hemoglobin) need to be produced?

Answer 9

Iron and protein.

Question 10

What are the lab values of HGB (Hemoglobin) often used to determine?

Answer 10

Blood loss, anemia, and O2 carrying capacity.

Question 11

What must be assessed when considering the HCT(Hematocrit) of a patient?

Answer 11

Hydration status, patients must be well hydrated.

Question 12

What does HCT(Hematocrit) define?

Answer 12

% of RBC in the plasma.

Question 13

What is the normal range of HCT for men?

Answer 13

38-51%

Question 14

What is the normal range of HCT for women?

Answer 14

33-45%

Question 15

What laboratory value assesses the rate at which RBC settle in unclotted blood?

Answer 15

ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)

Question 16

An increase in ESR is indicative of what?

Answer 16

Infection, Inflammation, Tissue Damage

Question 17

What is the function of platelets?

Answer 17

Promote coagulation.

Question 18

What are the normal platelet count ranges?

Answer 18

150,000-450,000/mm3

Question 19

What does PT (Prothrombin Time) measure?

Answer 19

Measures effectiveness of Coumain anti-coagulation therapies.

Question 20

A PT(Prothrombin Time) comes back elevated, what does this mean?

Answer 20

The blood will take longer to clot.

Question 21

The PT(Prothrombin Time) comes back at a low level, what does this mean?

Answer 21

The blood will take less time to clot, or clot faster.

Question 22

What does PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time) help monitor?

Answer 22

Monitors Heparin anti-coagulation therapies.

Question 23

A PTT(Parial Thromboplastin Time) comes back elevated. What does this mean?

Answer 23

The blood will take longer to clot.

Question 24

The PTT(Partial Thromboplastin Time) comes back low. What does this mean?

Answer 24

The blood will take less time to clot, it will clot faster.

Question 25

What does PTT(Partial Thromboplastin Time) measure?

Answer 25

Measures clotting time.

Question 26

What electrolyte is essential for neuromuscular and cardiac function?

Answer 26

Potassium (K)

Question 27

What electrolyte is essential for fluid balance, and regulates acid-base balance?

Answer 27

Sodium (Na)

Question 28

What are the normal Potassium (K) levels?

Answer 28

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Question 29

What are the normal Sodium (Na) levels?

Answer 29

135-145 mEq/L

Question 30

What electrolyte combines with chloride and bicarbonate ions to regulate acid-base balance?

Answer 30

Sodium (Na)

Question 31

What is the normal Chloride (Cl) level?

Answer 31

97-107 mEq/L

Question 32

What electrolyte is essential for transmission of nerve impulses and contraction of cardiac and skeletal muscles?

Answer 32

Calcium (Ca)

Question 33

What are the normal Calcium (Ca) levels?

Answer 33

8.2-10.2 mg/dL

Question 34

Cholesterol is considered a _______.

Answer 34

Lipid

Question 35

A Cholesterol level of __________ is considered desirable.

Answer 35

<200 mg/dL

Question 36

A Cholesterol level of __________ is considered moderate risk.

Answer 36

200-239 mg/dL

Question 37

A Cholesterol level of __________ is considered high risk.

Answer 37

>240 mg/dL

Question 38

How is cholesterol manufactured?

Answer 38

Manufactured from saturated fats in the diet.

Question 39

What is high cholesterol indicative of?

Answer 39

CAD (Coronary Artery Disease)

Question 40

What are the two types of lipids?

Answer 40

Low Density Lipid (LDL) | High Density Lipid (HDL)

Question 41

LDL is the ____/_____ lipid

Answer 41

lousy/lethal

Question 42

A LDL greater than ______ is a contributing factor to atherosclerosis.

Answer 42

> 100 mg/dL

Question 43

A HDL greater than ______ is considered healthy, and a negative factor for CAD.

Answer 43

> 60 mg/dL

Question 44

A normal serum triglyceride level is:

Answer 44

<150 mg/dL

Question 45

Where do serum triglycerides come from?

Answer 45

Fats and oils come from animal fat and vegetable oils.

Question 46

What do serum triglycerides contribute to?

Answer 46

LDL

Question 47

What lab value is used to determine the presence of infection?

Answer 47

WBC-White Blood Cell Count

Question 48

What is the normal value for WBC?

Answer 48

4,500-11,000/mm3

Question 49

List the types of WBC's in order from most abundant to least abundant.

Answer 49

``` Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils. ```

Question 50

What is the function of Neutrophils?

Answer 50

1st line of defense, respond to tissue injury and acute bacterial infections.

Question 51

What is the specialty of Lymphocytes?

Answer 51

Increase in viral infections and chronic infections.

Question 52

What is the specialty of Monocytes?

Answer 52

2nd line of defense, responding to bacterial infection.

Question 53

What is the specialty of Eosinophils?

Answer 53

Increase during allergic reactions, or parasitic infections.

Question 54

What is the specialty of Basophils?

Answer 54

Increase during healing process.