Unit IV (Respiratory Assessment) Flashcards
A function of the respiratory system is exchange of _______ between ______ & atmosphere.
gases
body
A function of the respiratory system is to _____, _______, and _______ air as it enters the body.
warm, moisten, and filter
A function of the respiratory system is to maintain ____-____ balance.
acid-base
A function of the respiratory system is aid in _____.
speech
Is Carbon Dioxide acidic or basic?
Acidic
Is Oxygen acidic or basic?
Basic
The left lung has __ lobes.
2
The right lung has __ lobes.
3
Where is the apex of the lung?
Top of the lung.
Where is the base of the lung?
Bottom of the lung.
Which pleura covers the lungs?
Visceral Pleura
Which pleura covers the wall of the thoracic cavity?
Parietal Pleura
Is intrapleural pressure negative or positive?
Negative.
Where are alveoli located?
End of bronchioles.
What surrounds the alveoli?
Capillaries
How is gas exchanged between the alveoli and capillaries?
Diffusion.
List the normal range of respirations.
12-20
Define Bradypnea.
Respirations less than 12.
Define Tachypnea
Respirations greater than 20.
Define Apnea
Absence of respirations.
Irregular, rapid, and difficult respirations are termed:
Dyspnea.
Normal respirations are termed:
Eupnea
Requiring an upright sitting position to breath easily is termed:
Orthopnea.
An inadequate amount of O2 available to the cells is termed:
Hypoxia.
What are the possible causes of hypoxia?
1) Decreased tissue perfusion.
2) Decreased oxygenation in the lungs.
What are the signs/symptoms of hyoxia?
Pallor-Cyanosis
Increase in BP, P, Resp.
Dyspnea
Anxiety & Restlessness.
What would the nurse look for in a patient to identify long-term hypoxia?
Clubbing of fingers.
What measures percentage of oxygen saturating hemoglobin? (NONINVASIVE)
Pulse Oximetry
The nurse obtains a pulse oximetry reading of 92%. Is this within normal range?
No, Pulse Oximetry should read greater than or equal to 95%.
What is COCA? What does it describe?
Color
Odor
Consistency
Amount
–Used to describe sputum.
The patient provides a blood tinged sputum specimen.. This termed-
hemoptysis
The patient provides a clear foamy white sputum specimen. The nurse acknowledges the color to be:
Normal
The patient provides a yellow/green tinged sputum specimen. The nurse identifies this sputum as:
Purulent.
The hydration status of a patient may be evidenced by the ________ of the sputum.
Consistency.
ABG’s assess ________ blood.
Oxygenated, deoxygenated
Oxygenated.
ABG’s reflect the ___/___ balance of the blood.
Acid/Base
The normal range of pH for blood is:
7.35-7.45
What lab value determines the amount of oxygen available in the blood to bind with hemoglobin?
PO2 (Partial Pressure of Oxygen)
What lab value determines the amount of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood?
PCO2 (Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide)
What is the normal lab value for PO2?
80-95 mmHg
What is the normal lab value for PCO2?
35-45 mmHg?
The patient has PCO2 value of 48mmHg. What would the nurse expect the patient to be doing?
Hypo-ventilating: too much CO2 build up in the blood.
The patient has a PCO2 value of 32. What would the nurse expect the patient to be doing?
Hyper-ventilating: CO2 is being expired too much.
What lab value serves to buffer pH of the blood?
HCO3 (Serum Bicarbonate)
What is the normal range of HCO3?
22-29mEq/L
What diagnostic test measures lung volume and capacity?
PFT (Pulmonary Function Test)
The patient has asthma and bronchitis. What type of defects are these? (Obstructive or Restrictive)
Obstructive
The patient is morbidly obese, and has muscle dystrophy. What type of defects are these?
(Obstructive or Restrictive)
Restrictive
The patient is scheduled for a Lung Scan and asks how the radioactive substance will enter his system. How does the nurse respond.
Radioactive substance will will either be given orally, IV, or inhalation.
“Hot Spots” on a lung scan are indicative of _______ ______.
Diseased Tissue
What is the benefit of an MRI over a CT scan?
MRI is able to clearly visualize through bone, while CT scans have trouble clearly visualizing through the bone.
The patient is scheduled for a bronchoscopy, and voices anxiety about being awake during the procedure and the scope being passed through their throat. How would the nurse respond?
Explain that patients will be given anesthesia and a numbing spray is often used to prevent pain during insertion of the scope.
What can be done during a bronchoscopy is abnormal tissues are identified?
Biopsies can be taken during the bronchoscopy.
