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Biochemistry II > Unit II Glycogenolysis > Flashcards

Unit II Glycogenolysis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the storage form of glucose?

A

glycogen

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2
Q

What are the primary sites of glycogen storage?

A

liver and skeletal muscle

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3
Q

What type of glycosidic bond is formed in chains of glucose?

A

alpha(1-4)

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4
Q

What type of glycosidic bonds are formed in branches of glucose?

A

alpha(1-6)

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5
Q

Where in the cell is glycogen stored?

A

the cytosol

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6
Q

What enzyme breaks alpha(1-4) bonds?

A

glycogen phosphorylase

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7
Q

What is the coenzyme with glycogen phosphorylase?

A

pyridoxal phosphate

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8
Q

What is the product of glycogen phosphorylase breaking the alpha(1-4) bond?

A

glucose-1-phosphate

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9
Q

What enzyme converts glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate?

A

phosphoglucomutase

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10
Q

Once a glucose branch has been broken down to its last four molecule, what enzyme removes the outer three molecules?

A

glucosyl-(4:4)-transferase

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11
Q

What enzyme removes the last glucose in a branch?

A

Amylo-alpha-(1,6)-glucosidase

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12
Q

What is the key regulatory enzyme of glycogenolysis?

A

glycogen phosphorylase

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13
Q

What hormones are involved in the regulation of glycogen breakdown?

A

glucagon, epinephrine, and norepinephrine

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14
Q

What are the allosteric regulators of glycogenolysis?

A

AMP and calcium

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15
Q

On what tissue would glucagon have an effect?

A

the liver

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16
Q

On what tissue(s) would norepinephrine and epinephrine have an effect?

A

muscle and liver

17
Q

What is adenylyl cyclase activated by in glycogen breakdown?

A

glucagon, epinephrine, and norepinephrine

18
Q

Once adenylyl cyclase is activated, what does it produce?

A

cAMP

19
Q

What powerful enzyme is stimulated by the presnece of cAMP?

A

protein kinase A (AMPkinase)

20
Q

In general, what does AMPK inhibit?

A

synthesis pathways

21
Q

In general, what does AMPK stimulate?

A

breakdown pathways

22
Q

What is the inactive form of glycogen phosphorylase?

A

glycogen phosphorlyase “b”

23
Q

What would activate glycogen phosphorylase “a”?

A

the presence of AMP

24
Q

What would inhibit glycogen breakdown?

A

ATP attaching to glycogen phosphorylase “a”

25
Q

What is a subunit of glycogen phosphorylase kinase complex?

A

calmodulin

26
Q

What would activate calmodulin?

A

the attachment of calcium

27
Q

The activation of glycogen phosphorylase kinase stimulates what?

A

the breakdown of glycogen (glycogen phosphorylase a)

Biochemistry II (12 decks)

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