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Biochemistry II > Unit II Fat Synthesis > Flashcards

Unit II Fat Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two glucose transporters for getting it into a cell?

A

Sodium independent glucosetransporters (GLUT) and sodium-monosaccharide co-transport system (SGLT)

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2
Q

Of the two glucose transporters which one requires ATP?

A

SGLT

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3
Q

Which glucose transporter trasnports against the gradient?

A

SGLT

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4
Q

In what tissue will GLUT4 be most present?

A

Muscle tissue

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5
Q

In what tissue will GLUT2 be most present?

A

Liver tissue

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6
Q

What hormone is GLUT4 regulated by?

A

insulin

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7
Q

Which GLUT transporter only deals with glucose?

A

GLUT4

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8
Q

Which GLUT transporter will carry glucose, galactose, and fructose?

A

GLUT2

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9
Q

The transporter that works via facillitated diffusion

A

GLUT4

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10
Q

Where does about 90% of insulin stimulated glucose uptake occur?

A

in skeletal muscle

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11
Q

Exercise will stimulate the accumulation of which transporter for 1-2 hours post-exercise?

A

GLUT4

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12
Q

Adding a phosphate to glucose in a muscle cell will allow what to happen?

A

That phosphate will help keep glucose concentrations low and for more glucose to keep flowing in

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13
Q

What will happen to gluocse-6-phosphate in a muscle cell with a low energy charge?

A

G-6-P will run through glycolysis, a prep step, andkrebs and make more ATP

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14
Q

What will happen to G-6-P when muscle glycogen is low?

A

G-6-P gets converted to glycogen

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15
Q

In a muscle cell, if there is a lot of gycogen and energy, what will be inhibited?

A

PFK

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16
Q

In a muscle cell, if G-6-P has accumulated, what will be inhibited?

A

hexokinase

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17
Q

In a muscle cell, when glucose accumulates, what will be inhibited?

A

facillitated diffusion of glucose is inhibited

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18
Q

If the muscle cell is full of glucose, where will the extra be sent to?

A

the liver

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19
Q

In the liver, wht enzyme will setup glucose for use in building fat?

A

glucokinase

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20
Q

What stimulates glucokinase?

A

insulin and fructose

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21
Q

As G-6-P accumulates, would it inhibit glucokinase?

A

no it does not

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22
Q

In what tissue would fructokinase and triokinase be most expressed?

A

the liver

23
Q

After running through the Fructose-1-Phosphate pathway, how will fructose enter glycolysis?

A

As glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate (G-3-P)

24
Q

In what tissue is the primary metabolism site of fructose?

A

the liver

25
Q

In what tissue is the primary site of fatty acid synthesis?

A

the liver

26
Q

What specific siteof a cell does fatty acid synthesis takeplace?

A

the cytosol

27
Q

What is the main coenzyme of fatty acid synthesis?

A

NADPH

28
Q

In order to get acetyl-CoA from the matrix into the cytosol, what must it be converted to?

A

citrate

29
Q

What enzyme combiones acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate to make citrate?

A

citrate synthase

30
Q

What does citrate spilling into the cytosol signal?

A

high energy in the cell

31
Q

What enzyme creates OAA and acetyl- CoA from cytosolic citrate?

A

citrate lyase

32
Q

What enzyme creates Malonyl CoA from acetyl CoA?

A

acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC)

33
Q

What coenzyme is required for ACC to run?

A

biotin

34
Q

Besides a coenzyme what else does the carboxylation of acetyl CoA require?

A

CO2 and ATP

35
Q

What is the rate limiting step of FA synthesis?

A

ACC

36
Q

In inactive form, what is ACC?

A

a protomer

37
Q

What inactivates ACC?

A

long chain fatty acid acyl CoA

38
Q

What compounds can phosphorylate and inactivate ACC?

A

AMPkinase and cAMP

39
Q

What hormone can activate ACC?

A

insulin

40
Q

List the inhibitors of ACC

A

malonyl CoA, palmitate, epinephrine, and glucaon

41
Q

List the stimulators of ACC

A

insulin and citrate

42
Q

What multienzyme complex will combine malonyl and acetyl?

A

Fatty acid synthase (FAS)

43
Q

What portion of FAS does the comining of malonyl and acetyl?

A

acyl carrier protein (ACP)

44
Q

To create Acetoacetyl-ACP, what enzyme will combine acetyl ACP and malonyl ACP?

A

Beta-ketoacyl-ACP SYNTHASE

45
Q

What enzyme will create D-3-Hydroxybutyryl-ACP from acetoacetyl-ACP?

A

Beta-Ketoacyl-ACP REDUCTASE

46
Q

What enzyme will createCrtonyl-ACP from D-3-Hydroxybutyryl-ACP?

A

Beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP DEHYDRASE

47
Q

What enzyme will create Butyryl-ACP from noyl-Crotonyl-ACP?

A

Enoyl-ACP REDUCTASE

48
Q

What is the final stepo of FA synthesis?

A

Palmitate (16:0)

49
Q

Which two steps of FAS will use NADPH?

A

the reduction steps

50
Q

What enzyme will release palmitate from FAS?

A

palmitoyl thioesterase

51
Q

The elongation of palmitate is accomplished by what enzyme?

A

elongases

52
Q

What coenzyme is required with elongase?

A

NADPH

53
Q

The desaturation and creation of a double bond in palmitate is accomplished by what enzyme?

A

desaturases

Biochemistry II (12 decks)

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