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Biochemistry II > Unit I Krebs Cycle > Flashcards

Unit I Krebs Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

Whats another name for Krebs cycle?

A

citric acid cycle, or tricarboxylic acid cycle

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2
Q

What system has the greatest production of ATP?

A

Krebs cycle (aerobic respiration)

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3
Q

Where does krebs take place?

A

mitochondrial matrix

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4
Q

What 3 things does krebs break down?

A

fats, carbs,and proteins

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5
Q

What other pathway runs with krebs?

A

electron transport system

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6
Q

Where does ETS take place?

A

inner mitochondrial matrix

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7
Q

What are krebs’ main products?

A

NADH, FADH2, GTP, and CO2

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8
Q

What are ETS’ main products?

A

ATP, CO2, and H20

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9
Q

What the main reactants of Krebs?

A

fats, carbs, proteins, Acetyl CoA

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10
Q

What are the main reactants of ETS?

A

ADP, Pi, NADH, FADH2, and Oxygen

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11
Q

What key enzymes are used in aerobic respiration?

A

dehydrogenases

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12
Q

How does a carb enter the kreb cycle?

A

As acetyl CoA after running through glycolysis and a prep step

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13
Q

How does a fat enter Krebs?

A

As acetyl CoA after being beta oxidized

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14
Q

How does a protein enter the krebs cycle?

A

Each AA has a unique way to enter, but mostly acetyl CoA

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15
Q

Shortly describe how glucose would enter krebs?

A

Glucose would become pyruvate then converted to Acetyl CoA after a prep step. Acetyl CoA can then enter the cycle

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16
Q

How does Acyl CoA enter the krebs cycle?

A

Its converted to Acetyl CoA after Beta Oxidation

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17
Q

What is the important carrier of both Acyl and Acetyl CoA?

A

Coenzyme A

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18
Q

How would a fatty acid enter krebs again?

A

through beta oxidation

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19
Q

Where in the cell would Beta Oxidation take place?

A

in the mitochondrial matrix

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20
Q

How would amino acids enter krebs usually?

A

as Acetyl CoA

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21
Q

Besides Acetyl CoA, how else can amino acids enter krebs?

A

oxaloacetate, alpha ketoglutarate, succinyl CoA, and fumarate

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22
Q

Pyruvate is converted in to acetyl CoA by what enzyme?

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

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23
Q

Where does the pyruvate conversion to acetyl CoA take place?

A

inside the mitochondrial matrix

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24
Q

What couples with pyruvate dehydrogenase?

A

NAD is reduced to NADH and a CO2 is given off

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25
Q

How many enzymes are in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

A

3

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26
Q

How many co-enzymes are in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

A

5

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27
Q

List the co-enzymes of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

A

thiamine pyrophosphate, FAD, NAD, coenzyme A,and lipoate

28
Q

In the first step of Krebs, acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate are catalyzed by what enzyme to create citric acid (citrate)?

A

citrate synthase

29
Q

What is citrate synthase coupled with to create citrate?

A

H20 and Coenzyme A

30
Q

Aconitase converts citric acid to what?

A

isocitric acid (isocitrate)

31
Q

What is the unstable intermediate of isocitrate to alpha ketoglutarate?

A

oxalosuccinate

32
Q

what converts isocitrate to oxalosuccinate?

A

isocitrate dehydrogenase

33
Q

What coverts oxalosuccinate to alpha ketoglutarate?

A

isocitrate dehydrogenase

34
Q

Isocitrate to alpha ketoglutarate is said to be oxidative carboxylation because

A

NAD gains an electron and CO2 is given off

35
Q

What enzyme converts alpha ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA?

A

the alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

36
Q

The reaction of alpha ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA is said to be oxidative decarboxylation because

A

NAD gains an electron and CO2 is given off

37
Q

what co-enzyme is coupled with alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex?

A

Coenzyme A

38
Q

How many enzymes are in the alpha ketoglutarate complex and what type of enzymes?

A

3; dehydrogenase transferase dehydrogenase

39
Q

how many coenzymes are in the alpha ketoglutarate complex?

A

TPP, FAD, NAD, Coenzyme A, and lipoate

40
Q

What steps have given off CO2 so far?

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

41
Q

Succinate thiokinase converts what to succinate?

A

succinyl CoA

42
Q

What is another name for succinate thiokinase?

A

Succinyl CoA synthetase

43
Q

What are the other products besides succinate that succinate thiokinase makes?

A

GTP and Coenzyme A

44
Q

What is the one reaction in the TCA that yields a high energy phosphate bond?

A

succinyl CoA to succinate

45
Q

How does GTP become ATP?

A

react GTP with ADP and nucleoside diphosphokinase

46
Q

Is the conversion of GTP to ATP reversible?

A

it is reversible

47
Q

When succinate dehydrogenase reacts with succinate what is made?

48
Q

What is coupled with succinate dehydrogenase?

49
Q

What is succinate dehydrogenase bound to?

A

the inner mitochondrial membrane

50
Q

For fumarate to become malate what must happen?

A

Fumarate gets hydrated by fumarase

51
Q

what is coupled with fumarase?

52
Q

What converts malate to oxaloacetate?

A

malate dehydrogenase

53
Q

What is coupled with malate dehydrogenase?

54
Q

List some conditions that would inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase

A

High NADH, acetyl CoA, ATP, and LCFA’s

55
Q

How is pyruvate dehydrogenase inhibited by high energy conditions?

A

a kinase is activated by these conditions and adds a phosphate to pyruvate dehydrogenase making it inactive

56
Q

What are the key regulatory steps of krebs?

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

57
Q

Which products in high concentration would inhibit citrate synthase?

A

ATP and citrate

58
Q

Which reactants in low concentration would inhibit citrate synthase?

A

oxaloacetate or acetyl CoA

59
Q

What products in high concentration would inhibit isocitrate dehydrogenase?

A

ATP and NADH

60
Q

What reactants in high concentration would stimulate isocitrate dehydrogenase?

A

ADP and NAD

61
Q

What would be examples of products inhibiting the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex?

A

ATP, NADH, and Succinyl CoA

62
Q

Define anaplerotic

A

giving substrates to a cycle

63
Q

Define Cataplerotic

A

taking substrates from the cycle

64
Q

What are the final common products of aerobic metabolism?

A

CO2 and H20

65
Q

What is the purpose of krebs cycle again?

Biochemistry II (12 decks)

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