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OTD806 > Unit I Lec 8-9 > Flashcards

Unit I Lec 8-9 Flashcards

1
Q

Special joint in vertebral column in which condyles rock back and forth for flexion and extension

A

atlanto-occipital joint (skull and C1)

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2
Q

Special joint in vertebral column that uses the Dens as a pivot point for right nad left rotation

A

atlanto-axial joint (C1 and C2)

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3
Q

What type of synovial joint is the atlanto-occipital joint

A

hinge joint (sometimes described as condyloid joint)

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4
Q

Tooth like structure on the axis vertebra

A

Dens

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5
Q

Term for hole in base of skull

A

foramen magnum

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6
Q

Features on C1 where condyles on skull fit

A

superior facets (Facet complexes)

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7
Q

Features on skull that allow skull to fit onto C1

A

condyles

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8
Q

Only movements allowed by atlanto-occipital joint

A

flexion and extension (~70% head mvmt)

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9
Q

Atlas C1 vertebra is missing what major feature

A

body

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10
Q

Another name for Dens

A

odontoid process

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11
Q

Two main structural features of the C1

A

Anterior/posterior arch of atlas

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12
Q

Two main terrain features of atlas

A

Anterior/posterior tubercles

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13
Q

Shape of spinous process on C2

A

bifid spinous process

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14
Q

Interesting prominent terrain feature on axis

A

Dens (odontoid process)

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15
Q

Main ligament that holds the dens in the dens notch on C1

A

transverse ligament of the dens

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16
Q

Ligaments that come off the side of the dens and attach just to the side of the foramen magnum, help to stabilize dens

A

alar ligaments

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17
Q

Ligament with vertical and horizintal portions to stabilize dens, encompases transverse ligament

A

cruciform ligament

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18
Q

Ligament that originates just inside foramen magnum in skull and becomes PLL on vertebral column

A

tectoral membrane

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19
Q

Abnormal curvature - hunch back

A

kyphosis

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20
Q

Abnormal curvature - increased lumbar curvature

A

lordosis

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21
Q

Abnormal curvature - lateral curvature

A

scoliosis

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22
Q

A congenital disease that causes kyphosis in which thoracic vertebral bodies are wedge shaped

A

kyphosis

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23
Q

Another disease that causes kyphosis

A

meilleurs TB

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24
Q

Way to tell if a patient has scoliosis

A

patient bends over, observe spinal deviation and rib hump

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25
Q

Another way to detect scoliosis from legs

A

Measure lower limbs and observe apparent length discrepancy

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26
Q

Two large superficial muscles of the back

A

trapezius and latissimus dorsi

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27
Q

Muscle that is three muscles in one, upper portion near head origin superior nuchal line, middle attaching at scapula, lower attaching at spine of scapula

A

trapezius

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28
Q

Fixed part of muscle

A

origin

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29
Q

moveable part of muscle

A

insertion

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30
Q

Insertion always moves toward

A

origin

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31
Q

Origin and insertion of upper trap

A

skull, shoulder

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32
Q

Actions of upper trapezius

A

elevate shoulder, extend head and neck

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33
Q

Origins and insertions are relative to

A

movements being performed

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34
Q

Action of middle trapezius

A

retract scapula

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35
Q

Origin and insertion of middle trap

A

spine, scapula

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36
Q

Origin and insertion of lower trap

A

lower thoracic spine, spine of scapula

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37
Q

Action of lower trap

A

depress shoulder

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38
Q

Origin and insertion of latissimus dorsi

A

lower back, humerus

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39
Q

Actions of latissimus dorsi

A

adduction humerus, extension humerus, internal rotation of humerus

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40
Q

Origin and insertion of levator scapulae

A

cervical vertebra, scapula

41
Q

Action of levator scapula

A

elevates scapula

42
Q

Origin and insertion of rhomboid major and minor

A

cervical vertebra, scapula

43
Q

Actions of rhomboids

A

scapular retraction, shoulder depression

44
Q

Origin and insertion of serratus posterior superior

A

lower cervical vertebra, upper ribs

45
Q

Action of serratus posterior superior

A

elevation of ribs, breathing

46
Q

What innervates trapezius

A

CN XI

47
Q

Name for CN XI

A

spinal accessory nerve

48
Q

Innervation for latissimus dorsi

A

thoracodorsal nerve (runs on back of thorax)

49
Q

Innervation of levator scapulae and rhomboids

A

dorsal scapular nerve

50
Q

Innervation of sternocleidomastoid

A

spinal accessory nerve

51
Q

Location of dorsal accessory nerve

A

medial to medial border of scapula

52
Q

Location of thoracodorsal nerve

A

runs underneath armpit

53
Q

Three functions of imtermediate and deep back muscles

A

extend, rotate, stabilize vertebrae

54
Q

Type of innervation of intermediate and deep back muscles

A

segmental

55
Q

Intermediate and deep back muscles innervation

A

dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves

56
Q

Location of spinal nerve splits for back mx

A

ventral ramus, dorsal ramus

57
Q

Dorsal ramus splits into

A

medial branch, lateral branch

58
Q

Medial branch of dorsal ramus controls what in back mx

A

sensory

59
Q

Lateral branch of dorsal ramus controls what in back mx

A

motor

60
Q

Action of erector spinae

A

erects spine

61
Q

Most lateral group of erector spinae mx

A

iliocostalis

62
Q

intermediate group of erector spinae mx

A

longissimus

63
Q

Most medial group of erector spinae mx

A

spinalis

64
Q

Three groups of iliocostalis mx

A

cervicis, thoracis, lumborum

65
Q

Three groups of longissimus thoracis

A

Capitis, cervicis, thoracis

66
Q

Three groups of spinalis

A

capitis, thoracis, cervicis

67
Q

Transversospinalis group origin and insertion

A

origin transverse process, insertion spinous process

68
Q

Mx in transversospinalis group, superficial to deep

A

semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores

69
Q

Three locations of semispinalis (crosses 2-4 segments)

A

thoracis, cervicis, capitis

70
Q

Four locations of multifidus groups (cross 2-4 vertical segments)

A

sacralis, lumborum, thorscis, cervicis

71
Q

Four locations of rotatores (cross 1-2 segments)

A

sacralis, lumborum, thorscis, cervicis

72
Q

White coloration of semispinalis indicates

A

tendonous

73
Q

Mx running diagonally from one vertebra to another

A

rotatores

74
Q

Minor deep back mx

A

intertransversarii, interspinales

75
Q

intertransversarii, interspinales run where

A

between transverse processes, bet spinous processes

76
Q

Minor back mx in lumbar spine

A

multifidus

77
Q

Mx that elevates ribs for breathing (only in thoracic region)

A

levatores costarum

78
Q

Two minor deep back muscles best developed in cervical region

A

intertransversarii, interspinales

79
Q

Minor deep back mx on transverse process for ribs in thoracic region only

A

levatores costarum

80
Q

Two neck mx deep to upper traps running diagonally going to head and neck

A

splenius capitis, splenius cervicis

81
Q

name of mx Deep to splenius group mx

A

semispinalis capitis

82
Q

Two other minor deep back ms

A

serratus posterior superior and inferior

83
Q

Origin of semispinalis cervicis

A

spinous process of C2

84
Q

Deep to semispinalis capitis, there is

A

suboccipital triangle

85
Q

Action of suboccipital trialgle

A

stabilization of neck, some rotation

86
Q

Four mx in suboccipital triangle

A

rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor, superior obliquus capitis, inferior obliquus capitis

87
Q

Innervation of suboccipital triangle

A

From dorsal primary ramus of C1, suboccipital nerve

88
Q

Nerve that crosses occipital triangle, controls sensation to back of head

A

Greater occipital nerve, DPR C2

89
Q

Bony feature of C1

A

dorsal bony arch

90
Q

Artery that makes right turn, runs over the dorsal bony arch, after passing throgh transverse foramen of cervical vertebrae

A

vertebral artery

91
Q

Spinal cord begins and ends where

A

foramen magnum, L1-L2

92
Q

Segmentation of spinal cord is determined by

A

roots

93
Q

Spinal roots exits where (posterior/anterior)

A

dorsal and ventral

94
Q

Roots of spinal nerves merge to form

A

pairs of spinal nerves

95
Q

Dorsal roots (incoming) are what type of nerve

A

sensory

96
Q

Ventral roots (outgoing) are what type of nerve

A

motor

97
Q

Swelling on dorsal root

A

dorsal root ganglia

98
Q

Location of nerve cell bodies at posterior nerves

A

dorsal root ganglia

OTD806 (43 decks)

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