Unit I Lec 8-9 Flashcards
Special joint in vertebral column in which condyles rock back and forth for flexion and extension
atlanto-occipital joint (skull and C1)
Special joint in vertebral column that uses the Dens as a pivot point for right nad left rotation
atlanto-axial joint (C1 and C2)
What type of synovial joint is the atlanto-occipital joint
hinge joint (sometimes described as condyloid joint)
Tooth like structure on the axis vertebra
Dens
Term for hole in base of skull
foramen magnum
Features on C1 where condyles on skull fit
superior facets (Facet complexes)
Features on skull that allow skull to fit onto C1
condyles
Only movements allowed by atlanto-occipital joint
flexion and extension (~70% head mvmt)
Atlas C1 vertebra is missing what major feature
body
Another name for Dens
odontoid process
Two main structural features of the C1
Anterior/posterior arch of atlas
Two main terrain features of atlas
Anterior/posterior tubercles
Shape of spinous process on C2
bifid spinous process
Interesting prominent terrain feature on axis
Dens (odontoid process)
Main ligament that holds the dens in the dens notch on C1
transverse ligament of the dens
Ligaments that come off the side of the dens and attach just to the side of the foramen magnum, help to stabilize dens
alar ligaments
Ligament with vertical and horizintal portions to stabilize dens, encompases transverse ligament
cruciform ligament
Ligament that originates just inside foramen magnum in skull and becomes PLL on vertebral column
tectoral membrane
Abnormal curvature - hunch back
kyphosis
Abnormal curvature - increased lumbar curvature
lordosis
Abnormal curvature - lateral curvature
scoliosis
A congenital disease that causes kyphosis in which thoracic vertebral bodies are wedge shaped
kyphosis
Another disease that causes kyphosis
meilleurs TB
Way to tell if a patient has scoliosis
patient bends over, observe spinal deviation and rib hump
Another way to detect scoliosis from legs
Measure lower limbs and observe apparent length discrepancy
Two large superficial muscles of the back
trapezius and latissimus dorsi
Muscle that is three muscles in one, upper portion near head origin superior nuchal line, middle attaching at scapula, lower attaching at spine of scapula
trapezius
Fixed part of muscle
origin
moveable part of muscle
insertion
Insertion always moves toward
origin
Origin and insertion of upper trap
skull, shoulder
Actions of upper trapezius
elevate shoulder, extend head and neck
Origins and insertions are relative to
movements being performed
Action of middle trapezius
retract scapula
Origin and insertion of middle trap
spine, scapula
Origin and insertion of lower trap
lower thoracic spine, spine of scapula
Action of lower trap
depress shoulder
Origin and insertion of latissimus dorsi
lower back, humerus
Actions of latissimus dorsi
adduction humerus, extension humerus, internal rotation of humerus
Origin and insertion of levator scapulae
cervical vertebra, scapula
Action of levator scapula
elevates scapula
Origin and insertion of rhomboid major and minor
cervical vertebra, scapula
Actions of rhomboids
scapular retraction, shoulder depression
Origin and insertion of serratus posterior superior
lower cervical vertebra, upper ribs
Action of serratus posterior superior
elevation of ribs, breathing
What innervates trapezius
CN XI
Name for CN XI
spinal accessory nerve
Innervation for latissimus dorsi
thoracodorsal nerve (runs on back of thorax)
Innervation of levator scapulae and rhomboids
dorsal scapular nerve
Innervation of sternocleidomastoid
spinal accessory nerve
Location of dorsal accessory nerve
medial to medial border of scapula
Location of thoracodorsal nerve
runs underneath armpit
Three functions of imtermediate and deep back muscles
extend, rotate, stabilize vertebrae
Type of innervation of intermediate and deep back muscles
segmental
Intermediate and deep back muscles innervation
dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves
Location of spinal nerve splits for back mx
ventral ramus, dorsal ramus
Dorsal ramus splits into
medial branch, lateral branch
Medial branch of dorsal ramus controls what in back mx
sensory
Lateral branch of dorsal ramus controls what in back mx
motor
Action of erector spinae
erects spine
Most lateral group of erector spinae mx
iliocostalis
intermediate group of erector spinae mx
longissimus
Most medial group of erector spinae mx
spinalis
Three groups of iliocostalis mx
cervicis, thoracis, lumborum
Three groups of longissimus thoracis
Capitis, cervicis, thoracis
Three groups of spinalis
capitis, thoracis, cervicis
Transversospinalis group origin and insertion
origin transverse process, insertion spinous process
Mx in transversospinalis group, superficial to deep
semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores
Three locations of semispinalis (crosses 2-4 segments)
thoracis, cervicis, capitis
Four locations of multifidus groups (cross 2-4 vertical segments)
sacralis, lumborum, thorscis, cervicis
Four locations of rotatores (cross 1-2 segments)
sacralis, lumborum, thorscis, cervicis
White coloration of semispinalis indicates
tendonous
Mx running diagonally from one vertebra to another
rotatores
Minor deep back mx
intertransversarii, interspinales
intertransversarii, interspinales run where
between transverse processes, bet spinous processes
Minor back mx in lumbar spine
multifidus
Mx that elevates ribs for breathing (only in thoracic region)
levatores costarum
Two minor deep back muscles best developed in cervical region
intertransversarii, interspinales
Minor deep back mx on transverse process for ribs in thoracic region only
levatores costarum
Two neck mx deep to upper traps running diagonally going to head and neck
splenius capitis, splenius cervicis
name of mx Deep to splenius group mx
semispinalis capitis
Two other minor deep back ms
serratus posterior superior and inferior
Origin of semispinalis cervicis
spinous process of C2
Deep to semispinalis capitis, there is
suboccipital triangle
Action of suboccipital trialgle
stabilization of neck, some rotation
Four mx in suboccipital triangle
rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor, superior obliquus capitis, inferior obliquus capitis
Innervation of suboccipital triangle
From dorsal primary ramus of C1, suboccipital nerve
Nerve that crosses occipital triangle, controls sensation to back of head
Greater occipital nerve, DPR C2
Bony feature of C1
dorsal bony arch
Artery that makes right turn, runs over the dorsal bony arch, after passing throgh transverse foramen of cervical vertebrae
vertebral artery
Spinal cord begins and ends where
foramen magnum, L1-L2
Segmentation of spinal cord is determined by
roots
Spinal roots exits where (posterior/anterior)
dorsal and ventral
Roots of spinal nerves merge to form
pairs of spinal nerves
Dorsal roots (incoming) are what type of nerve
sensory
Ventral roots (outgoing) are what type of nerve
motor
Swelling on dorsal root
dorsal root ganglia
Location of nerve cell bodies at posterior nerves
dorsal root ganglia
