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OTD806 > Unit I Lec 6-7 > Flashcards

Unit I Lec 6-7 Flashcards

1
Q

disorder of vertebral column characterized by curves out of the frontal and transverse planes

A

scoliosis

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2
Q

gross anatomy of the vertebral column from superior to inferior

A

thoracic, cervical, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

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3
Q

Describe line of gravity through the vertebral column

A

from lateral view, center of cervical spine, posterior to thoracic spine, middle of lumbar spine

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4
Q

Center of gravity of the vertebral column

A

sacral promontory

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5
Q

Location of the sacral promontory

A

base of sacrum

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6
Q

Infants are born with what type of curve

A

primary curve

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7
Q

Shape of primary curve in infants

A

anteriorly concave

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8
Q

Secondary curve that develops in infants

A

cervical curve, 3-4 mos

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9
Q

Tertiary curve that develops in infants

A

lumbar curve, 10-12 mos

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10
Q

Average length of vertebral column

A

72-75cm

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11
Q

Shape of cervical curve

A

anteriorly convex

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12
Q

Share of thoracic curve

A

anteriorly concave

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13
Q

Shape of lumbar curve

A

anteriorly convex

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14
Q

Shape of sacral curve

A

anteriorly concave

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15
Q

Two primary curves

A

thoracic and sacral

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16
Q

Two secondary curves

A

cervical and lumbar

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17
Q

Total number of vertebrae

A

33

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18
Q

Number of cervical vertebrae

A

7

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19
Q

Number of thoracic vertebrae

A

12

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20
Q

Number of lumbar vertebrae

A

5

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21
Q

Number of sacral vertebrae (fused)

A

5

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22
Q

Number of coccygeal vertebrae (fused)

A

4

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23
Q

Term for sacral vertebrae

A

sacrum

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24
Q

Term for coccygeal vertebrae

A

coccyx

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25
Q

Term for separation of sacral vertebrae, becomes L6

A

Lumbarization

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26
Q

Two main regions of a vertebra, anterior to posterior

A

body, neural arch

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27
Q

Features on right and left of neural arch, just off the body

A

pedicle

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28
Q

Features on the right and left of neural arch that closes in the vertebral canal

A

lamina

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29
Q

Bony protuberance in the posterior of the neural arch

A

spinous process

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30
Q

Bony protuberances on right and left of neural arch

A

transverse processes

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31
Q

Neural arches are joined by what type of joints

A

synovial joints

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32
Q

Neural arches can be what type of synovial jounts

A

plane joints

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33
Q

What bony structures create the joints between vertebrae

A

right and left, superior and inferior articular process with articular facet (4 processes nad facets per vertebra)

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34
Q

Articular cartilage is what type of cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage

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35
Q

Name of cartilage between the articular processes and facets

A

articular cartilage

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36
Q

Name of small piece of bone between the superior and inferior articular processes, easily injured

A

pars interarticularis

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37
Q

Name for fracture of pars interarticularis

A

spondylolysis

38
Q

Term for slipage of pars interarticularis that accompanies spondylolysis

A

spondylolisthesis

39
Q

Forward to the superior articular process is a divot called the

A

superior articular notch

40
Q

Forward to the interfior articular process is a divot called the

A

inferior articular notch

41
Q

The opening made by the articular notches is called

A

intervertebral foramen

42
Q

What exits the intervertebral foramina

A

spinal nerve roots

43
Q

Name of joint between inferior and superior facet

A

facet joint

44
Q

Disk of cartilage between the body of vertebrae

A

intervertebral disk (IVD)

45
Q

C7 vertebra is characterized by

A

large spinous process, not bifid

46
Q

Cercical certebrae C3-C7 are characterized by

A

larger vertebral canal

47
Q

C3-C6 are characterized by what shape spinous process

A

bifid spinous processes (split in two)

48
Q

C3-C6 are characterized by what other openings

A

transverse foramina (left and right)

49
Q

Transverse foramen enclose what

A

vertebral artery

50
Q

Another process found only in cervical vertebrae, provides additional stability

A

uncinate process

51
Q

Facet joints are at what approximate angle

A

45 deg

52
Q

Body of thoracic vertebrae is _____ than cervical

A

larger

53
Q

Names of thoracic vertebrae

A

T1-T12

54
Q

Names of cervical vertebrae

A

C1-C7

55
Q

Names of lumbar vertebrae

A

L1-L5

56
Q

Angle of facets in thoracic vertebrae

A

60 deg

57
Q

Name of facets on thoracic vertebrae

A

superior and inferior costal facets

58
Q

Ribs attaching to inferior costal facets are named after ______ vertebra

A

lower

59
Q

Lumbar vertebrae are characterized by what size body and vertebral canal

A

larger

60
Q

Lumbar vertebrae are useful for what teo movements

A

flexion and extension of spine

61
Q

What shape is the spinous process in lumbar vertebrae

A

shorter and thicker

62
Q

What exits our of sacral foramina

A

nerves innervating lower body

63
Q

Name of tube through sacrum

A

sacral canal

64
Q

Names of three processes on posterior of sacrum

A

medial and lateral ridges

65
Q

Bony features where sacrum articulates with coccyx

A

sacral cornu

66
Q

Termination of sacral canal

A

sacral hiatus

67
Q

Bony feature of coccyx that articulates with sacral horns

A

coccygeal horns

68
Q

Bony features on both lateral sides of coccyx

A

transverse processes

69
Q

Total number of fused segments in coccyx

A

4 fused segments

70
Q

Name of joint between sacrum and coccyx

A

sacrococcygeal joint

71
Q

Location of ligaments in sacrococcygeal joint

A

poster and 2 lateral sacrococcygeal ligaments

72
Q

Term for delivering anesthesia to number caudal nerve roots

A

caudal block

73
Q

Are vertebral joints cartilagenous?

A

Yes

74
Q

What is a pivot joint in the vertebral column

A

atlantoaxial joint (C1-C2)

75
Q

What is a condyloid joint in the vertebral column

A

atlanto occipital joint (C1-skull)

76
Q

IVD is located in what joint

A

intervertebral joint

77
Q

Name of out rings of the intervertebral joint

A

annulus fibrosis

78
Q

Name of inner “jelly” of intervertebral joint

A

nucleas pulposus

79
Q

Herniated disk is characterized by

A

nucleas pulposus being ejected from intervertebral joint

80
Q

What ligament lies on the posterior of the vertebra body

A

posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)

81
Q

What ligament lies on the anterior of the vertebra body

A

anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)

82
Q

Describe thickness/thinness of PLL from cervical to lumber

A

thick to thin

83
Q

Describe thickness/thinness of ALL from cervical to lumber

A

thin to thick

84
Q

Term for bluging nucleas pulposus

A

herniated nucleas pulposus

85
Q

Ligament that covers the tips of the spinous process and attaches to ligamentum nuchae, from C7 and below

A

supraspinous ligament

86
Q

Ligament that provides stabilization and muscle attachment from C7 up

A

ligamentum nuchae

87
Q

What movement tenses the vertebral ligaments of the neural arch

A

flexion

88
Q

Segmental ligaments between spinous processes

A

interspinous ligaments

89
Q

Ligaments between transverse processes

A

intertransverse ligaments

90
Q

Ligaments between laminae

A

Ligamentum flavum

OTD806 (43 decks)

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