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OTD806 > Lec Int 1-2 > Flashcards

Lec Int 1-2 Flashcards

1
Q

standing upright, head facing front, arms at side with palms forward

A

Anatomical Position

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2
Q

divides the body into right/left halves

A

Median (midsagittal)

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3
Q

divides the body into anterior/ posterior portions

A

Frontal (coronal)

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4
Q

divides the body into upper/ lower portions

A

Transverse (horizontal)

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5
Q

Higher than - Lower than

A

Superior - Inferior

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6
Q

Front - back

A

Anterior - Posterior

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7
Q

To the middle - to the side

A

Medial - Lateral

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8
Q

Toward the surface - Away from the surface

A

Superficial - Deep

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9
Q

Toward the point of origin - away from the point of origin

A

Proximal - Distal

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10
Q

Lying face up - Lying face down

A

Supine - Prone

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11
Q

reduces degree of acute joint angulation

A

Extension

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12
Q

moves away from the body

A

Abduction

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13
Q

moves toward the body

A

Adduction

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14
Q

combination of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

A

Circumduction

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15
Q

head of a bone spins within the socket of another bone

A

Rotation

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16
Q

Internal - External, face down - face up rotation

A

medial - lateral (external), pronation - supination

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17
Q

Move higher - move lower

A

Elevation - Depression

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18
Q

Move outward - move inward

A

Protraction - Retraction

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19
Q

covers the body externally and has three layers

(epidermis, dermis, hypodermis)

A

Skin

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20
Q

covers muscle, specializations include the superficial and deep layers

A

Fascia

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21
Q

note organization from slide views and consists of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac divisions

A

Muscle

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22
Q

skeleton consists of an axial skeleton (skull, spine, and thorax) and an appendicular skeleton (upper/ lower limbs)

A

Bone

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23
Q

The panniculus adiposis along with its underlying superficial membranous fascia are referred to as

A

tela subcutanea

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24
Q

The skin is an extensive organ forming the

A

integument

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25
Q

The skin is an extensive organ forming the integument. On the average, the skin measures about ________ surface area

A

1.8 square meters

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26
Q

Functions of the skin: (Note the acronym: P A S T E):

A

Protection, Absorption, Sensation, Temperature regulation, Excretion

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27
Q

Three layers of skin from superficial to deep

A

Epidermis, Dermis, or Corium, TELA SUBCUTANEA

28
Q

outer layer which consists of vegetative intermitotics (cells that continuously reproduce) with a keratinized layer.

A

Epidermis

29
Q

________ is a protein, which is high in sulfur content.

A

Keratin

30
Q

Dermis consists of what two layers

A

papillary, reticular

31
Q

Layer of the dermis which consists of papillae that project into the epidermis and carry vasculature to the epidermis

A

papillary layer

32
Q

Layer of the dermis which which consists of a network of collagen elastic fibers

A

reticular layer

33
Q

Two layers of the TELA SUBCUTANEA

A

Hypodermis, Stratum fibrosum

34
Q

Layer of the Tela subcutanea that is a layer of fat (panniculus adiposis)

A

Hypodermis

35
Q

Layer of the tela subcutanea that surrounds exterior of muscle and is superficial to muscle, and also may be called the superficial fascia

A

Stratum fibrosum

36
Q

distributed over the skin, and is absent on glabrous surfaces, ergo the lips

A

Hair

37
Q

Hair is contained within the ______ which is a tube of infolding epidermis

A

hair follicle

38
Q

Hair is produced at the _______ of the hair follicle, and consists of ________

A

base, keratinized

39
Q

smooth muscle coursing from the root of the hair follicle to the dermis

A

Arrector pili

40
Q

The Arrector pili muscle is under ________ control

A

sympathetic

41
Q

contraction of the Arrector pili produces ________ and squeezing of the hair follicle, i.e. “Goose Pimples”.

A

piloerection

42
Q

ubiquitous glands, but absent in the palm of the hands and soles of the feet, can become clogged and produce acne

A

Sebaceous glands

43
Q

The oily secretion of sebaceous glands contain cell parts and because the entire secretory cell is lost, it is termed a_______ gland.

A

holocrine gland

44
Q

ubiquitous glands, but absent in the glans penis and labia minora

A

Sweat glands

45
Q

Two types of sweat glands

A

eccrine, apocrine

46
Q

The sweat gland is termed an ________ because none of the cell part is secreted

A

eccrine gland

47
Q

Sweat glands are enlarged around the anus and armpit and are called _______ , which suggest that only part of the cell is secreted

A

apocrine glands

48
Q

keratinized epithelium produced at the base of the nail bed

A

Nails

49
Q

modified sweat gland. Typically, in females

A

Mammary gland

50
Q

Superior boundary of mammary gland

A

2nd or 3rd rib

51
Q

Inferior boundary of mammary gland

A

6th or 7th costal cartilage

52
Q

Lateral bounrary of mammary gland

A

anterior axillary fold

53
Q

The nipple is surrounded by the ______ and is found at the fourth rib

A

areola

54
Q

The nipple is surrounded by the areola and is found at the _______ (males)

A

fourth rib

55
Q

The mammary gland has two portions called

A

parenchyma, stroma

56
Q

functional part of the mammary gland

A

parenchyma

57
Q

supportive, connective tissue part of the mammary gland

A

stroma

58
Q

connective tissue in the breast that help maintain structural integrity (cooper’s ligaments)

A

retinaculum cutis

59
Q

ducts that converge and form a branched system connecting the nipple to the lobules of the mammary gland

A

Lactiferous ducts

60
Q

an expansion in a lactiferous duct at the base of the nipple in which milk accumulates

A

lactiferous sinus

61
Q

extension of the tissue of the breast that extends into the axilla

A

tail of Spence

62
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the breast is important because of the prevalence of

A

breast cancer in women

63
Q

Cancer of the breast follows lymphatic channels to

A

axillary nodes

64
Q

Surgery that removes the breast, axillary lymph nodes, and part of the pectoralis major

A

radical mastectomy

65
Q

Surgery in which the mass itself only is removed from the breast

A

lumpectomy

66
Q

In breast, 20 - 30 _________ drained primarily by the principal axillary lymphatic pathway and the accessory lymphatic pathway

A

Axillary lymph nodes

67
Q

The axillary lymph nodes consist of 5 groups

A 
Lateral group (around the axillary artery),
 Central group
 Pectoral group
 Subscapular group
 Apical group

OTD806 (43 decks)

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