Unit A: Section 3.0 Flashcards
What are the elements on the left side of the equation called?
Reactants
What are the elements on the right side of an equation called?
Products
What are indications of chemical reactions?
- Formation of gas
- Formation of solids
- Energy Changes
- Change in odour
How does an explosion occur?
When a small amount of a solid or liquid converts quickly to a large volume of gas
What is the chemical formula for methane?
CH4
What is an example of a commercial use for an explosion?
Airbags
What is five-minute epoxy?
A product that contains 2 chemicals that when mixed hardens in 5 minutes
How does 5 minute epoxy work?
The molecules have several places where they can join causing it to form one large molecule
What state are metal elements always in?
Solid
What state are all the diatomic elements?
Gas
What are diatomic elements?
Elements that come in pairs or more such as O2
What state does bromine come in?
Liquid
What state does Iodine come in?
Solid
What do letters in subscript indicate?
The state of an element
What does a subscript of (aq) mean?
It is dissolved in water
What state are all ionic compounds?
Solid
When is an ionic compound shown in aqueous?
When it is very soluble and dissolved in water
When is an ionic compound shown as solid?
When it is only slightly soluble even if its dissolved in water
How do you predict the state of molecular compounds?
The smaller the molecules means most likely gas. The bigger the molecules most likely solid
What are exothermic reactions?
When chemical reactions releases energy in the form of heat, light, or electricity
How do car batteries work?
They contain sulfuric acid which is an electrolyte with reacts with lead and lead oxide to produce electricity
What is a combustion reaction?
When oxygen reacts with a substance to form a new substance and gives off energy.
How is electricity made using combustion?
Coal is burned and the steam used to burn the coal is able to turn a turbine
What is a reactant in a combustion reaction?
Oxygen
What are the products of a combustion reaction?
Carbon dioxide and energy and water vapor
What are the fossil fuels?
Coal, Oil, and natural gas
What is gasoline made out of?
Hexane C6H14
What are endothermic reactions?
Reactions that absorb energy
What are biochemical reactions essential to?
Life
What are catalysts?
Chemicals that speed up a reaction but are not used up by it
What are biochemical reactions?
Reactions that happen at an organism’s body temperature and sped up by catalysts
What type of reaction is synthesis?
Endothermic
If energy is on the left side of chemical reaction is it endothermic or exothermic?
Endothermic
If energy is on the right side of a reaction is it exothermic or endothermic?
Exothermic
What type of reaction is cellular respiration?
Exothermic
What are the characteristics of chemical reactions?
- Production of new substances
- Flow of energy
- Change of state
- Consistent with the law of conservation of mass
What comes along with a formation of a new substance?
New properties of state, melting point, color, density
How can the flow of energy be detected?
-A change in temperature during the reaction
What is the law of conservation of mass?
States that in a chemical reaction matter cannot be created or destroyed
What does the arrow mean when writing a chemical formula?
Produces
What is a formula equation?
Uses the chemical formulas of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction
What is a skeletal equation?
A formula that shows the different elements but not in the correct proportions
What are coefficients?
Numbers placed in front of elements or compounds to put in proper proportions
What are the 5 common types of chemical reactions?
- Formation reactions
- Decomposition reactions
- Hydrocarbon combustions
- Single replacement
- Double replacement
What is another name for a formation reaction?
Synthesis
What takes place in a formation reaction?
2 elements combine to form a compound
What is a decomposition reaction?
When a compound is broken down into its different parts. Only 1 reactant
What are hydrocarbons?
Substances that contain hydrogen and carbon
What is hydrocarbon combustion?
When hydrogen and carbon mix with oxygen and burn producing carbon dioxide and water vapor
What is the chemical formula for natural gas?
NH4
What is a single replacement reaction?
When a reactive element reacts with an ionic compound. After the reaction, the element ends up in a compound and an element ends up by itself
What is a double replacement reaction?
When 2 ionic compounds switch elements
What reactions only take place in solutions?
Double replacements
What is the mole?
The quantity is the measure chemists use to measure elements
What is the number of particles in one mole called?
Avogardo’s number
What element do chemists use to define the mole?
Carbon-12
What number is avagardos number?
6.02 x 10^23
What is the formula for finding the atomic molar mass?
m = n x M
What does m mean when finding the atomic molar mass?
The mass in grams
What does n mean when finding the atomic molar mass?
The number moles
What does M mean when finding the atomic molar mass?
The molar mass
