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Science 10 AP > Unit A: Section 3.0 > Flashcards

Unit A: Section 3.0 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the elements on the left side of the equation called?

A

Reactants

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2
Q

What are the elements on the right side of an equation called?

A

Products

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3
Q

What are indications of chemical reactions?

A
  • Formation of gas
  • Formation of solids
  • Energy Changes
  • Change in odour
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4
Q

How does an explosion occur?

A

When a small amount of a solid or liquid converts quickly to a large volume of gas

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5
Q

What is the chemical formula for methane?

A

CH4

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6
Q

What is an example of a commercial use for an explosion?

A

Airbags

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7
Q

What is five-minute epoxy?

A

A product that contains 2 chemicals that when mixed hardens in 5 minutes

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8
Q

How does 5 minute epoxy work?

A

The molecules have several places where they can join causing it to form one large molecule

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9
Q

What state are metal elements always in?

A

Solid

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10
Q

What state are all the diatomic elements?

A

Gas

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11
Q

What are diatomic elements?

A

Elements that come in pairs or more such as O2

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12
Q

What state does bromine come in?

A

Liquid

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13
Q

What state does Iodine come in?

A

Solid

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14
Q

What do letters in subscript indicate?

A

The state of an element

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15
Q

What does a subscript of (aq) mean?

A

It is dissolved in water

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16
Q

What state are all ionic compounds?

A

Solid

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17
Q

When is an ionic compound shown in aqueous?

A

When it is very soluble and dissolved in water

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18
Q

When is an ionic compound shown as solid?

A

When it is only slightly soluble even if its dissolved in water

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19
Q

How do you predict the state of molecular compounds?

A

The smaller the molecules means most likely gas. The bigger the molecules most likely solid

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20
Q

What are exothermic reactions?

A

When chemical reactions releases energy in the form of heat, light, or electricity

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21
Q

How do car batteries work?

A

They contain sulfuric acid which is an electrolyte with reacts with lead and lead oxide to produce electricity

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22
Q

What is a combustion reaction?

A

When oxygen reacts with a substance to form a new substance and gives off energy.

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23
Q

How is electricity made using combustion?

A

Coal is burned and the steam used to burn the coal is able to turn a turbine

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24
Q

What is a reactant in a combustion reaction?

A

Oxygen

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25
Q

What are the products of a combustion reaction?

A

Carbon dioxide and energy and water vapor

26
Q

What are the fossil fuels?

A

Coal, Oil, and natural gas

27
Q

What is gasoline made out of?

A

Hexane C6H14

28
Q

What are endothermic reactions?

A

Reactions that absorb energy

29
Q

What are biochemical reactions essential to?

A

Life

30
Q

What are catalysts?

A

Chemicals that speed up a reaction but are not used up by it

31
Q

What are biochemical reactions?

A

Reactions that happen at an organism’s body temperature and sped up by catalysts

32
Q

What type of reaction is synthesis?

A

Endothermic

33
Q

If energy is on the left side of chemical reaction is it endothermic or exothermic?

A

Endothermic

34
Q

If energy is on the right side of a reaction is it exothermic or endothermic?

A

Exothermic

35
Q

What type of reaction is cellular respiration?

A

Exothermic

36
Q

What are the characteristics of chemical reactions?

A
  • Production of new substances
  • Flow of energy
  • Change of state
  • Consistent with the law of conservation of mass
37
Q

What comes along with a formation of a new substance?

A

New properties of state, melting point, color, density

38
Q

How can the flow of energy be detected?

A

-A change in temperature during the reaction

39
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

States that in a chemical reaction matter cannot be created or destroyed

40
Q

What does the arrow mean when writing a chemical formula?

A

Produces

41
Q

What is a formula equation?

A

Uses the chemical formulas of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction

42
Q

What is a skeletal equation?

A

A formula that shows the different elements but not in the correct proportions

43
Q

What are coefficients?

A

Numbers placed in front of elements or compounds to put in proper proportions

44
Q

What are the 5 common types of chemical reactions?

A
  • Formation reactions
  • Decomposition reactions
  • Hydrocarbon combustions
  • Single replacement
  • Double replacement
45
Q

What is another name for a formation reaction?

A

Synthesis

46
Q

What takes place in a formation reaction?

A

2 elements combine to form a compound

47
Q

What is a decomposition reaction?

A

When a compound is broken down into its different parts. Only 1 reactant

48
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Substances that contain hydrogen and carbon

49
Q

What is hydrocarbon combustion?

A

When hydrogen and carbon mix with oxygen and burn producing carbon dioxide and water vapor

50
Q

What is the chemical formula for natural gas?

A

NH4

51
Q

What is a single replacement reaction?

A

When a reactive element reacts with an ionic compound. After the reaction, the element ends up in a compound and an element ends up by itself

52
Q

What is a double replacement reaction?

A

When 2 ionic compounds switch elements

53
Q

What reactions only take place in solutions?

A

Double replacements

54
Q

What is the mole?

A

The quantity is the measure chemists use to measure elements

55
Q

What is the number of particles in one mole called?

A

Avogardo’s number

56
Q

What element do chemists use to define the mole?

A

Carbon-12

57
Q

What number is avagardos number?

A

6.02 x 10^23

58
Q

What is the formula for finding the atomic molar mass?

A

m = n x M

59
Q

What does m mean when finding the atomic molar mass?

A

The mass in grams

60
Q

What does n mean when finding the atomic molar mass?

A

The number moles

61
Q

What does M mean when finding the atomic molar mass?

A

The molar mass

Science 10 AP (13 decks)

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