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Science 10 AP > Unit A: Section 1.0 > Flashcards

Unit A: Section 1.0 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does WHMIS stand for?

A

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

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2
Q

What is MSDS?

A

Identifies physical and chemical hazards associated with a product

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3
Q

What do Physical Properties describe?

A

They describe the physical appearance and composition of a substance

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4
Q

What are the common Physical properties

A
  • Boiling point
  • Melting point
  • Freezing point
  • Malleability
  • Ductility
  • Colour
  • State
  • Solubility
  • Crystal formation
  • Conductivity
  • magentism
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5
Q

What do Chemical properties describe?

A

The reactivity of a substance

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6
Q

What are the common chemical properties?

A
  • Ability to burn
  • Flash point
  • Behaviour in air
  • Reaction in water
  • Reaction with acids
  • Reaction with heat
  • Reaction to litmus paer
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7
Q

What is a flash point?

A

Temperature needed to ignite a flame

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8
Q

What happens if a substance undergoes a physical change?

A

It still has all the same properties and is reversible

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9
Q

What happens if a substance undergoes a chemical change?

A

A new substance is formed and it is irreversible

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10
Q

What are the 2 classifications of matter?

A

Pure substance or Mixture

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11
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

All the particles that make up the substance are chemically combined and identical

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12
Q

What are the 2 components of a pure substance?

A

Element and Compound

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13
Q

What is an element?

A

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances and made of only one type of atom

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14
Q

What is a compound?

A

An group of elements that are chemically combined and in fixed proportions

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15
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A combination of pure substances that are not chemically combined and proportions can vary

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16
Q

What is a mechanical mixture/heterogeneous mixture?

A

When the different components are visible such as soil

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17
Q

What is a suspension?

A

A type of mechanical mixture where the components are in different states such as mud

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18
Q

What is a colloid?

A

The same thing as a suspension but the particles cannot be easily separated

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19
Q

What is a Solution or Homogeneous mixture?

A

One substance dissolved within another but it looks the same throughout

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20
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

A process that occurs when substances react to create different substance

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21
Q

What are some ways to preserve food?

A 
Heating 
Freezing
Salting
Fermentation
Smoking
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22
Q

What is Sterilization?

A

Any process that kills micro-organisms

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23
Q

How does freezing sterilize food?

A

The o-organisms that low temperature prevents the growth of micro-organisms that cause decay

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24
Q

How does salting sterilize food?

A

The salt draws the water out of the meat and the bacteria which kills them or inactivates them

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25
Q

How does fermentation work?

A

The lactobacilli creates lactic acid which is a preservative. It prevents the growth of bacteria that causes food to rot

26
Q

What lactobacilli?

A

A bacterial found in food that that convert starches and sugars into lactic acid

27
Q

What are the positives to lactobacilli?

A
  • Preserves food
  • Increase vitamin levels
  • Makes food digestible
28
Q

How does smoking preserve food?

A

Introduces antioxidants and formaldehyde to slow the rotting process

29
Q

What are the 3 ages of metal?

A
  • Copper
  • Bronze
  • Iron
30
Q

Why was copper a good metal?

A

It was harder, so it could be used to make tools and weapons, and jewelry.

31
Q

What is Native Copper?

A

Copper found in the arctic ocean that is found in pure form.

32
Q

What did the early Inuit use copper for?

A
  • Handles
  • Pots
  • Staples
  • Rivets
33
Q

What was the problem with copper?

A

When they hammered it into shapes it began too brittle and broke easily.

34
Q

How did they solve the copper problem?

A

By melting it to strengthen it

35
Q

What is annealing?

A

The heating of a metal before shaping it

36
Q

What is smelting?

A

Separating metal by melting it

37
Q

What was a positive to smelting?

A

Before when things were hard to find in pure substances now it was able to be found in mixtures and separated

38
Q

What did Aristotle believe about matter?

A

It was made from earth, fire, water, and air

39
Q

Who came up with the idea of atoms?

A

Democritus

40
Q

What is alchemy?

A

A combination of science and magic

41
Q

What did Robert Boyle discover?

A

By experimenting with volume and gas he concluded that gasses are made up of tiny particles

42
Q

What did Antoine Lavoisier Discover?

A

The law of Conservation of mass

43
Q

How did Antoine Lavoisier discover the Law of Conservation of Mass?

A

He measured masses of substances that reacted together and the substances created. He discovered that mass is neither produced nor lost in a chemical reaction

44
Q

What did John Dalton discover?

A

The billiard ball model of Atoms. He imagined they were small spheres that could have different properties and varied in size color and mass

45
Q

Describe John Daltons Atom?

A

The Billiard Ball

  • All matter is made of small indivisible particles
  • All atoms of an element are identical in properties such as size and mass
  • Atoms of different elements have different properties
  • Atoms of different elements could combine in specific fixed ratios
46
Q

What did J.J. Thomson add onto John Daltons Atom?

A

He added electrons

47
Q

What did J.J. Thomson discover?

A

The electron

48
Q

How did J.J. Thomson discover the electron?

A

He was experimenting with beams of particles produced in a vacuum. And they were all turned out to be negative which means they all had something in common. Electrons

49
Q

Who created the raisin bun model?

A

J.J. Thomson

50
Q

Describe J.J. Thomsons model of the atom

A

The raisin bun model was a positive sphere with electrons embedded within it

51
Q

What did Ernest Rutherford change about J.J. Thomson’s atom model?

A

He said that the core of the atom was called a nucleus and it was positively charged and negative electrons we floating are the nucleus but not in a specific direction

52
Q

Who was the first scientist to use nucleus?

A

Ernest Rutherford

53
Q

What experiment did Rutherford use to determine his atom?

A

He released a radioactive material that fired positively at gold and he assumed the they would pass right through but instead, they were deflected which meant they had a strong positive charge

54
Q

Describe Ernest Rutherfords atom?

A

It had a dense positively charged nucleus and around it was mostly empty space with electrons floating around

55
Q

What did Neils Bohr discover about rutherfords atom?

A

He said that electrons surround the nucleus at different energy levels, therefore, they travel in orbits.

56
Q

What experiment did Neils Bohr do to conclude that electrons travel in orbits?

A

He discovered that different lights are emitted when electrons from different energy falls

57
Q

Who was the scientist that discovered how electrons flow in orbits?

A

Neils Bohr

58
Q

What was Neils Bohr’s description of atoms?

A

They had a positively charged nucleus and electrions orbited in specific energy levels

59
Q

Describe the Quantam Mechanics Atom

A

Electrons are thought of as a cloud of negative charges and occupy the whole space at the same time at different electricity levels

60
Q

What was bronze made out of?

A

Copper and tin

61
Q

How did they make bronze?

A

They smelted copper and tin together and the metal produced was much stronger

62
Q

How did the Iron age begin?

A

They realized that Iron could be found in mineral compounds so they were able to smelt it out. Just like Copper

Science 10 AP (13 decks)

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