Unit 9.1 Flashcards
What are the two types of cells and what’s the difference in how they function?
Eukaryote and Prokaryote
Eukaryote cells are more complex and serve more functions, while being harder to replicate.
Prokaryote cells are more basic yet more efficient in what they do, while also being easier to replicate.
What are the differences in their organelles / components?
All cells have: cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA, vesicles
Only Eukaryote Cells have: nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus
Only plant Eukaryote Cells have: cell walls, vacuoles
Only animal Eukaryote Cells have: lysosomes
How are different types of cells contained?
All cells have cell membranes, but only plant cells have cell walls. Some bacteria cells have 2 layers of cell membranes.
How is waste removed in different types of cells?
In all cells, waste is broken down by enzymes and then travels out the membrane. The waste in broken down in different places depending on the type of cell. In animal cells, it’s in lysosomes. In plant cells, it’s in the vacuole. In bacteria cells, it’s in the cytoplasm.
How is energy produced in different types of cells?
Energy is produced in the mitochondria in eukaryote cells, but it is also produced by chloroplast in some plant cells. In bacteria cells, energy is produced through cellular respiration, which occurs in the cytoplasm.
Where are instructions found in different types of cells.
In all cells, DNA holds instructions. However, in eukaryote cells, the DNA is held within the nucleus, while in prokaryote cells, it is free floating in the cytoplasm.
How are instructions read in different types of cells.
In all cells, DNA is copied and translated into proteins by ribosomes in the cytoplasm. In eukaryote cells, the ribosomes may also be attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).
What gives certain cells their own unique properties / functions?
their specialized parts and proteins
