Unit 9 Quiz 8 Flashcards
Cardi/o
Heart
Atri/o
Atrium an entrance hall
Ventricul/o
Cavity ventricle
Val/o , valvul/o
Valve a resolving door
Angi/o
Vessel
Vas/o, vascul/o
Vessel , duct
Arter/o , arteri/ o
Artery
Arteriol/o
Arteriole
Aort/o
Aorta
Ven/o, ven/i
Vein
Phleb/o
Vein
Apical pulse
Pulse felt or heard over the apex of the heart. It is measured in the
fifth left intercostal space (between the ribs) about 8 to 9 cm from
the midline
Cardiac output
The amount of blood pumped from the right or left ventricle per
minute
Compliance
The ease with which a structure expands under pressure, as with a
blood vessel expanding to receive blood
Korotkoff sounds
Arterial sounds heard with a stethoscope during determination of
blood pressure with a cuff; Korotkoff sounds are not heart beats
Perfusion
The passage of fluid, such as blood, through an organ or
tissue
Precordium
The anterior region over the heart and the lower part of the thorax;
adjective, precordial (not same as “pericardium”)
Pulse pressure
The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
Stroke volume
The amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle with each beat
Valsalva maneuver
Bearing down, as in childbirth or defecation, by attempting
To exhale forcefully with the nose, with the nose and throat
closed; this action has an effect on the cardiovascular system
Aorta
The largest artery. It receives blood from the left ventricle
and branches to all parts of the body (root: aort/o)
Aortic valve
The value at the entrance to the aorta
Apex
The point of a cone-shaped structure (adjective, apical).
The apex of the heart is formed by the left ventricle and is
pointed toward the inferior and left
Artery
A vessel that carries blood away from the heart. All except
the pulmonary and umbilical arteries carry oxygenated
blood (root: arteri/o)
Arteriole
A small vessel that carries blood from the arteries into the
capillaries (root: arteriol/o)
Atrioventricular AV node
A small mass in the lower septum of the right atrium that
passes impulses from the sinoatrial (SA) node toward the
ventricles
Atrioventricular valve AV
A valve between the atrium and ventricle on the right and left
sides of the heart. The right AV valve is the tricuspid valve; the
left is the mitral valve
Atrium
An entrance chamber, one of the two upper receiving
chambers of the heart (root atri/o)
AV bundle
A band of fibers that transmits impulses from the
atrioventricular (AV) node to the top of the interventricular
septum. It divides into the right and left bundle branches,
which descend along the two sides of the septum; the bundle
of His
Blood pressure
The force exerted by blood against the wall of a vessel
Bundle branches
Branches of the AV bundle that divide to the right and left
sides of the interventricular septum
Capillary
A microscopic blood vessel through which materials are
exchanged between the blood and the tissues
Cardiovascular system
The part of the circulatory system that consists of the
heart and the blood vessels
Coronary circulation
The blood vessels in the heart that provide oxygen and
nourishment and remove wastes form the myocardium
Depolarization
A change in electrical charge from the resting state in
nerves or muscles
Diastole
The relaxation phase of the heartbeat cycle; adjective,
diastolic
Electrocardiography (ECG)
Study of the electrical activity of the heart as detected
by electrodes (leads) placed on the surface of the body.
Also abbreviated EKG from the German
electrokardiography
Endocardium
The thin membrane that lines the chambers of the
heart and covers the valves
Epicardium
The thin outermost layer of the heart wall
Functional murmur
Any sound produced as the heart functions normally
Heart
The muscular organ with four chambers that contracts
rhythmically to propel blood through vessels to all parts of
the body (root: cardi/o)
Heart rate
The number of times the heart contracts per minute;
recorded as beats per minute (BPM)
Heart sounds
Sounds produced as the heart functions. The two loudest
sounds are produced by alternate closing of the valves and
are designated S1 and S2
Inferior vena cava
The large inferior vein that brings blood back to the right
atrium of the heart from the lower body
Left AV valve
The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle;
the mitral valve or bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle;
the left AV valve or bicuspid valve
Myocardium
The thick middle layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac
muscle
Pericardium
The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart
Pulmonary artery
The vessel that carries blood from the right side of the heart
to the lungs
Pulmonary circuit
The system of vessels that carries blood from the right side
of the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated and then back to
the left side of the heart
Pulmonary veins
The vessels that carry blood from the lungs to the left side
of the heart
Pulmonary valve
The valve at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Pulse
The wave of increased pressure produced in the vessels each
time the ventricles contract
Purkinje fibers
The terminal fibers of the conducting system of the heart.
They carry impulses through the walls of the ventricles
Repolarization
A return of electrical charge to the resting state in nerves
or muscles
Right AV valve
The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle;
the tricuspid valve
Septum
A wall dividing two cavities, such as the chambers of the
heart
Sinus rhythm
Normal heart rhythm
Sinoatrial SA node
A small mass in the upper part of the right atrium that
initiates the impulse for each heartbeat; the pacemaker
Sphygmomanometer
An instrument for determining arterial blood pressure
(root sphygm/o means “pulse”); blood pressure apparatus
or cuff
Superior vena cava
The large superior vein that brings deoxygenated blood
back to the right atrium from the upper body
System circuit
The system of vessels that carries oxygenated blood from the
left side of the heart to all tissues except the lungs and returns
deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart
Systole
The contraction phase of the heartbeat cycle; adjective:
systolic
Valve
A structure that keeps fluid flowing in a forward direction (root:
valv/o, valvul/o)
Vein
A vessel that carries blood back to the heart. All except the
pulmonary and umbilical veins carry blood low in oxygen (root:
ven/o, phleb/o
Ventricle
A small cavity. One of the two lower pumping chambers of the
heart (root: ventricul/o
Venule
A small vessel that carries blood from the capillaries to the veins
Vessel
A tube or duct to transport fluid (root: angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o)