Unit 9 Quiz 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Cardi/o

A

Heart

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2
Q

Atri/o

A

Atrium an entrance hall

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3
Q

Ventricul/o

A

Cavity ventricle

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4
Q

Val/o , valvul/o

A

Valve a resolving door

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5
Q

Angi/o

A

Vessel

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6
Q

Vas/o, vascul/o

A

Vessel , duct

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7
Q

Arter/o , arteri/ o

A

Artery

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8
Q

Arteriol/o

A

Arteriole

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9
Q

Aort/o

A

Aorta

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10
Q

Ven/o, ven/i

A

Vein

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11
Q

Phleb/o

A

Vein

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12
Q

Apical pulse

A

Pulse felt or heard over the apex of the heart. It is measured in the
fifth left intercostal space (between the ribs) about 8 to 9 cm from
the midline

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13
Q

Cardiac output

A

The amount of blood pumped from the right or left ventricle per
minute

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14
Q

Compliance

A

The ease with which a structure expands under pressure, as with a
blood vessel expanding to receive blood

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15
Q

Korotkoff sounds

A

Arterial sounds heard with a stethoscope during determination of
blood pressure with a cuff; Korotkoff sounds are not heart beats

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16
Q

Perfusion

A

The passage of fluid, such as blood, through an organ or
tissue

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17
Q

Precordium

A

The anterior region over the heart and the lower part of the thorax;
adjective, precordial (not same as “pericardium”)

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18
Q

Pulse pressure

A

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

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19
Q

Stroke volume

A

The amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle with each beat

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20
Q

Valsalva maneuver

A

Bearing down, as in childbirth or defecation, by attempting
To exhale forcefully with the nose, with the nose and throat
closed; this action has an effect on the cardiovascular system

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21
Q

Aorta

A

The largest artery. It receives blood from the left ventricle
and branches to all parts of the body (root: aort/o)

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22
Q

Aortic valve

A

The value at the entrance to the aorta

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23
Q

Apex

A

The point of a cone-shaped structure (adjective, apical).
The apex of the heart is formed by the left ventricle and is
pointed toward the inferior and left

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24
Q

Artery

A

A vessel that carries blood away from the heart. All except
the pulmonary and umbilical arteries carry oxygenated
blood (root: arteri/o)

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25
Q

Arteriole

A

A small vessel that carries blood from the arteries into the
capillaries (root: arteriol/o)

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26
Q

Atrioventricular AV node

A

A small mass in the lower septum of the right atrium that
passes impulses from the sinoatrial (SA) node toward the
ventricles

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27
Q

Atrioventricular valve AV

A

A valve between the atrium and ventricle on the right and left
sides of the heart. The right AV valve is the tricuspid valve; the
left is the mitral valve

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28
Q

Atrium

A

An entrance chamber, one of the two upper receiving
chambers of the heart (root atri/o)

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29
Q

AV bundle

A

A band of fibers that transmits impulses from the
atrioventricular (AV) node to the top of the interventricular
septum. It divides into the right and left bundle branches,
which descend along the two sides of the septum; the bundle
of His

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30
Q

Blood pressure

A

The force exerted by blood against the wall of a vessel

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31
Q

Bundle branches

A

Branches of the AV bundle that divide to the right and left
sides of the interventricular septum

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32
Q

Capillary

A

A microscopic blood vessel through which materials are
exchanged between the blood and the tissues

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33
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

The part of the circulatory system that consists of the
heart and the blood vessels

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34
Q

Coronary circulation

A

The blood vessels in the heart that provide oxygen and
nourishment and remove wastes form the myocardium

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35
Q

Depolarization

A

A change in electrical charge from the resting state in
nerves or muscles

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36
Q

Diastole

A

The relaxation phase of the heartbeat cycle; adjective,
diastolic

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37
Q

Electrocardiography (ECG)

A

Study of the electrical activity of the heart as detected
by electrodes (leads) placed on the surface of the body.
Also abbreviated EKG from the German
electrokardiography

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38
Q

Endocardium

A

The thin membrane that lines the chambers of the
heart and covers the valves

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39
Q

Epicardium

A

The thin outermost layer of the heart wall

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40
Q

Functional murmur

A

Any sound produced as the heart functions normally

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41
Q

Heart

A

The muscular organ with four chambers that contracts
rhythmically to propel blood through vessels to all parts of
the body (root: cardi/o)

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42
Q

Heart rate

A

The number of times the heart contracts per minute;
recorded as beats per minute (BPM)

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43
Q

Heart sounds

A

Sounds produced as the heart functions. The two loudest
sounds are produced by alternate closing of the valves and
are designated S1 and S2

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44
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

The large inferior vein that brings blood back to the right
atrium of the heart from the lower body

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45
Q

Left AV valve

A

The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle;
the mitral valve or bicuspid valve

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46
Q

Mitral valve

A

The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle;
the left AV valve or bicuspid valve

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47
Q

Myocardium

A

The thick middle layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac
muscle

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48
Q

Pericardium

A

The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart

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49
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

The vessel that carries blood from the right side of the heart
to the lungs

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50
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

The system of vessels that carries blood from the right side
of the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated and then back to
the left side of the heart

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51
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

The vessels that carry blood from the lungs to the left side
of the heart

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52
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

The valve at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

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53
Q

Pulse

A

The wave of increased pressure produced in the vessels each
time the ventricles contract

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54
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

The terminal fibers of the conducting system of the heart.
They carry impulses through the walls of the ventricles

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55
Q

Repolarization

A

A return of electrical charge to the resting state in nerves
or muscles

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56
Q

Right AV valve

A

The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle;
the tricuspid valve

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57
Q

Septum

A

A wall dividing two cavities, such as the chambers of the
heart

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58
Q

Sinus rhythm

A

Normal heart rhythm

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59
Q

Sinoatrial SA node

A

A small mass in the upper part of the right atrium that
initiates the impulse for each heartbeat; the pacemaker

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60
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

An instrument for determining arterial blood pressure
(root sphygm/o means “pulse”); blood pressure apparatus
or cuff

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61
Q

Superior vena cava

A

The large superior vein that brings deoxygenated blood
back to the right atrium from the upper body

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62
Q

System circuit

A

The system of vessels that carries oxygenated blood from the
left side of the heart to all tissues except the lungs and returns
deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart

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63
Q

Systole

A

The contraction phase of the heartbeat cycle; adjective:
systolic

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64
Q

Valve

A

A structure that keeps fluid flowing in a forward direction (root:
valv/o, valvul/o)

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65
Q

Vein

A

A vessel that carries blood back to the heart. All except the
pulmonary and umbilical veins carry blood low in oxygen (root:
ven/o, phleb/o

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66
Q

Ventricle

A

A small cavity. One of the two lower pumping chambers of the
heart (root: ventricul/o

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67
Q

Venule

A

A small vessel that carries blood from the capillaries to the veins

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68
Q

Vessel

A

A tube or duct to transport fluid (root: angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o)

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69
Q

Aneurysm

A

A localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery,
caused by weakness of the vessel wall; may eventually burst

70
Q

Angina pectoris

A

A feeling of constriction around the heart or pain that may radiate to
the left arm or shoulder, usually brought on by exertion; caused by
insufficient blood supply to the heart

71
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Any abnormality in the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat (literally
“without rhythm;” note doubled r). (Also called dysrhythmia, though
this term only means “abnormal” rhythm, not “without” rhythm.

72
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening (sclerosis) of the arteries, with loss of capacity and loss of
elasticity, as from fatty deposits (plaque), deposit of calcium salts, or
formation of scar tissue

73
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

The development of fatty, fibrous patches (plaques) in the lining of
arteries, causing narrowing of the lumen and hardening of the vessel
wall. The most common form of arteriosclerosis (hardening of the
arteries). The root ather/o means “porridge” or “gruel”

74
Q

Bradycardia

A

A show heart rate less than 60 bpm

75
Q

Cerebrovascular accident

A

Sudden damage to the brain resulting from reduction of
blood flow. Causes include atherosclerosis, embolism,
thrombosis, or hemorrhage from a ruptured aneurysm;
commonly called stroke

76
Q

Clubbing

A

Enlargement of the ends of the fingers and toes caused by
growth of the soft tissue around the nails. Seen in a
variety of diseases in which there is poor peripheral
circulation

77
Q

Coarctation of the aorta

A

Localized narrowing on the aorta with restriction of blood flow

78
Q

C-reactive protein

A

Protein produced during systemic inflammation, which
may contribute to atherosclerosis; high CRP levels can
indicate cardiovascular disease and its prognosis

79
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish discoloration of the skin cause by lack of oxygen

80
Q

Deep being thrombosis

A

Thrombophlebitis invaliding deep veins

81
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Profuse sweating

82
Q

Dissecting aneurysm

A

An aneurysm in which blood enters the arterial wall and
separates the layers. Usually involves the aorta

83
Q

Dyslipidemia

A

Disorder in serum lipid levels, which is an important
factor in development of atherosclerosis. Includes
hyperlipidemia (high lipids), hypercholesterolemia (high
cholesterol), and hypertriglyceridemia (high
triglycerides)

84
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult or labored breathing

85
Q

Edema

A

Swelling of body tissues caused by the presence of
excess fluid (see Fig. 6-4). Causes include
cardiovascular disturbances, kidney failure,
inflammation, and malnutrition

86
Q

Embolism

A

Obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or other
matter carried in the circulation

87
Q

Embolus

A

A mass carried in the circulation. Usually a blood clot, but
also may be air, fat, bacteria, or other solid matter from
within or from outside the body

88
Q

Fibrillation

A

Spontaneous, quivering, and ineffectual contraction of
muscle fibers, as in the atria or the ventricles

89
Q

Heart block

A

An interference in the conduction system of the heart
resulting in arrhythmia

90
Q

Heart failure

A

A condition caused by the inability of the heart to maintain
adequate circulation of blood

91
Q

Hemorrhoid

A

A varicose vein in the rectum

92
Q

Hypertension

A

A condition of higher-than-normal blood pressure. Essential
(primary, idiopathic) hypertension has no known cause

93
Q

Infarct

A

An area of localized necrosis (death) of tissue resulting from
a blockage or a narrowing of the artery that supplies the
area

94
Q

Ischemia

A

Local deficiency of blood supply caused by obstruction of the
circulation (root: hem/o

95
Q

Murmur

A

An abnormal heart sound

96
Q

Myocardial infarction MI

A

Localized necrosis (death) of cardiac muscle tissue resulting
from blockage or narrowing of the coronary artery that
supplies that area. Myocardial infarction is usually caused by
formation of a thrombus (clot) in a vessel

97
Q

Occlusion

A

A closing off or obstruction as of a vessel

98
Q

Patent ducts arteriosus

A

Persistence of the ductus arteriosus after birth. The ductus
arteriosus is a vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to
the descending aorta in the fetus to bypass the lungs

99
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein

100
Q

Plaque

A

A patch. With regard to the cardiovascular system, a deposit of
fatty material and other substances on a vessel wall that
impedes blood flow and may block the vessel. Atheromatous
plaque

101
Q

Rheumatic heart disease

A

Damage to heart valves after infection with a type of
streptococcus (group A hemolytic streptococcus). The antibodies
produced in response to the infection produce valvular scarring,
usually involving the mitral valve

102
Q

Septal defect

A

An opening in the septum between the atria or ventricles; a
common cause is persistence of the foramen ovale ( for-­‐A-­‐men
o-­‐VAL-­‐e), an opening between the atria that bypasses the lungs
in fetal circulation

103
Q

Shock

A

Circulatory failure resulting in an inadequate supply of blood
to the tissues. Cardiogenic shock is caused by heart failure;
hypovolemic shock is caused by a loss of blood volume;
septic shock is caused by bacterial infection

104
Q

Sinus rhythm

A

A normal heart rhythm originating form the sinoatrial SA node

105
Q

Stenosis

A

Constriction of narrowing of an opening

106
Q

Stroke

A

See cerebrovascular accident

107
Q

Syncope

A

A temporary loss of consciousness caused by inadequate
blood flow to the brain; fainting

108
Q

Tachycardia

A

An abnormally rapid heart rate, usually over 100 bpm

109
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein associated with formation of a
blood clot

110
Q

Thrombosis

A

Development of a blood clot within a vessel

111
Q

Thrombus

A

A blood clot that form with a blood vessel

112
Q

Varicose vein

A

A twisted and swollen vein resulting from breakdown of
the valves, pooling of blood, and chronic dilatation of
the vessel (root: varic/o); also called varix (VAR-iks) or
varicosity (var-­‐ih-­‐KOS-­‐ih-­‐te

113
Q

Ablation

A

Removal or destruction. In cardiac ablation, a catheter is used to
destroy a portion of the heart’s conduction pathway to correct an
arrhythmia

114
Q

Angioplasty

A

A procedure that reopens a narrowed vessel and restores blood
flow. Commonly accomplished by surgically removing plaque,
inflating a balloon within the vessel, or installing a device (stent)
to keep the vessel open

115
Q

Artificial pacemaker

A

A battery-operated device that generates electrical impulses to
regulate the beating of the heart. It may be external or
implanted, may be designed to respond to need, and may have
the capacity to prevent tachycardia

116
Q

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR

A

Restoration of cardiac output and pulmonary ventilation after
cardiac arrest using artificial respiration and chest compression or
cardiac massage

117
Q

Cardioversion

A

Correction of an abnormal cardiac rhythm. May be accomplished
pharmacologically, with antiarrhythmic drugs, or by application of
electric current (see defibrillation)

118
Q

Coronary angiography

A

Radio graphic study of the coronary arteries after introduction of an opaque dye by means of a catheter

119
Q

Coronary artery bypass graft CABG

A

Surgical creation of a shunt to bypass a blocked
coronary artery. The aorta is connected to a point past
the obstruction with another vessel or a piece of
another vessel, usually the left internal mammary
artery or part of the leg’s saphenous vein

120
Q

Coronary calcium scan

A

Method for visualizing vessel-narrowing calcium
deposits in coronary arteries; useful for diagnosing
coronary artery disease in people at moderate risk or
those who have undiagnosed chest pain; also known as
a heart scan

121
Q

Creatine kinase MB

A

Enzyme released in increased amounts from cardiac
muscle cells following myocardial infarction (MI).
Serum assays help diagnose MI and determine the
extent of muscle damage

122
Q

CT angiography

A

Computed tomography scan used to visualize vessels in the heart and
other organs; requires only a small amount of dye injected into the
arm; can rule out blocked coronary arteries that may cause a
myocardial infarction (heart attack) in people with chest pain or
abnormal stress test

123
Q

Defribillation

A

Use of an electronic device (defibrillator) to stop fibrillation by
delivering a brief electric shock to the heart. The shock may be
delivered to the surface of the chest, as by an automated external
defibrillator (AED), or directly into the heart through wire leads,
using an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD

124
Q

Echocardiography ECG

A

A noninvasive method that uses ultrasound to visualize internal
cardiac structures

125
Q

Lipoprotein

A

A compound of protein with lipid. Lipoproteins are classified
according to density as very-low-density (VLDL), low-density (LDL),
and high-density (HDL). Relatively higher levels of HDLs have been
correlated with health of the cardiovascular system

126
Q

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty PTCA

A

Dilatation of a sclerotic blood vessel by means of a
balloon catheter inserted into the vessel and then
inflated to flatten plaque against the artery wall

127
Q

Stent

A

A small metal device in the shape of a coil or slotted
tube that is placed inside an artery to keep the vessel
open after balloon angioplasty

128
Q

Stress test

A

Evaluation of physical fitness by continuous ECG
monitoring during exercise. In a thallium stress test, a
radioactive isotope of thallium is administered to trace
blood flow through the heart during exercise

129
Q

Troponin Tn

A

A protein in muscle cells that regulates contraction.
Increased serum levels, primarily in the forms TnT and
TnI, indicate recent myocardial infarction (MI)

130
Q

Appendix

A

A small, finger-like mass of lymphoid tissue attached to the
first part of the large intestine

131
Q

Lymph

A

The thin plasma-like fluid that drains from the tissues and
is transported in lymphatic vessels

132
Q

Lymph node

A

A small mass of lymphoid tissue along the path of a
lymphatic vessel that filters lymph

133
Q

Lymphatic

A

The system that drains fluid and proteins from the tissues
and returns them to the bloodstream. This system also
participates in immunity and aids in absorption of fats from
the digestive tract

134
Q

Peyer patches

A

Aggregates of lymphoid tissue in the lining of the intestine

135
Q

Right lymphatic duct

A

The lymphatic duct that drains fluid from the upper right
side of the body

136
Q

Spleen

A

A large reddish-brown organ in the upper left region of
the abdomen. It filters blood and destroys old red blood
cells

137
Q

Thoracic duct

A

The lymphatic duct that drains fluid from the upper left
side of the body and all of the lower body/left lymphatic
duct

138
Q

Thymus gland

A

A gland in the upper part of the chest beneath the
sternum. It functions in immunity

139
Q

Tonsils

A

Small masses of lymphoid tissue located in regions of the
throat (pharynx

140
Q

Bruit

A

An abnormal sound hear in auscultation

141
Q

Ectopic beat

A

A heartbeat that originates from some part of the
heart other than the SA node

142
Q

Extrasystole

A

Premature contraction of the heart that occurs
separately from the normal beat and originates from a
part of the heart other than the SA node

143
Q

Flutter

A

Very rapid (200 to 300 bpm) but regular contractions,
as in the atria or the ventricles

144
Q

Hypotension

A

A condition of lower-than-normal blood pressure

145
Q

Intermittent Claudication

A

Pain in a muscle during exercise caused by inadequate
blood supply. The pain disappears with rest

146
Q

Mitral valve prolapse

A

Movement of the cusps of the mitral valve into the left
atrium when the ventricles contract

147
Q

Occlusive vascular disease

A

Arteriosclerotic disease of the vessels, usually peripheral
vessels

148
Q

Palpitation

A

A sensation of abnormally rapid or irregular heartbeat

149
Q

Pitting edema

A

Edema that retains the impression of a finger pressed
firmly into the skin

150
Q

Doppler echocardiography

A

An imaging method used to study the rate and pattern
of blood flow

151
Q

Holter monitor

A

A portable device that can record up to 24 hours of an
individual’s ECG readings during normal activity

152
Q

Phlebotomist

A

Technician who specialized in drawing blood

153
Q

Triglycerides

A

Simple fats that circulate in the bloodstream

154
Q

Intraaortic ballon pump

A

A mechanical assist device that consists of an inflatable
balloon pump inserted through the femoral artery into the
thoracic aorta. It inflates during diastole to improve
coronary circulation and deflates before systole to allow
blood ejection from the heart

155
Q

Left ventricular assist device

A

A pump that takes over the function of the left ventricle in
delivering blood into the systemic circuit. These devices
are used to assist patients awaiting heart transplantation or
those who are recovering from heart failure

156
Q

AV

A

Atrioventricular

157
Q

BP

A

Blood pressure

158
Q

Bpm

A

Beats per minute

159
Q

CPR

A

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

160
Q

CVA

A

Cerebrovascular accident

161
Q

DVT

A

Deep vein thrombosis

162
Q

ECG

A

Electrocardiogram

163
Q

HDL

A

High density lipoprotein

164
Q

LDL

A

Low density lipoprotein

165
Q

MI

A

Myocardial infraction

166
Q

Mm Hg

A

Milli meters of mercury

167
Q

PTCA

A

Percutaneous transluminal Conakry angioplasty

168
Q

SA

A

Sinoatrial

169
Q

SK

A

Streptokinase

170
Q

tPA

A

Tissue plasminogen activator

171
Q

VLDL

A

Very low density lipoprotein