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Med Term Biol120 - Domincan University > Unit 10 Quiz 9 > Flashcards

Unit 10 Quiz 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Azot/o

A

Nitrogenous compounds

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2
Q

Calc/i

A

Calcium symbol Ca

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3
Q

Ferr/o , ferr/i

A

Iron

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4
Q

Sider/o

A

Iron

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5
Q

Kali

A

Potassium

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6
Q

Natri

A

Sodium

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7
Q

Oxy

A

Oxygen

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8
Q

Thrombo

A

Blood clot

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9
Q

Thrombocyt/o

A

Platelet , thrombocyte

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10
Q

Immun/o

A

Immunity

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11
Q

-emia , -hemia

A

Condition of blood

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12
Q

-Penia

A

Decrease in deficiency of

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13
Q

-poiesis

A

Formation , production

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14
Q

Agranulocyte

A

A white blood cell that does not have visible granules in its
cytoplasm. Agranulocytes include lymphocytes and monocytes

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15
Q

Albumin

A

A simple Protein found in blood plasma

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16
Q

Antibody

A

A protein produced in response to and interacting specifically with
an antigen

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17
Q

Antigen

A

A substance that induces the formation of an antibody

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18
Q

Antigen - presenting cell APC

A

Immune cell that takes in a foreign antigen, processes it, and
presents it on the cell surface in combination with the body’s own
proteins, thus activating a T cell; examples are dendritic cells and
macrophages, which are descendants of monocytes

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19
Q

B cell

A

A lymphocyte that matures in lymphoid tissue and is active in
producing antibodies; B lymphocyte

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20
Q

Band cell

A

An immature neutrophil with a nucleus in the shape of a band; also
called a stab cell. Band cell counts are used to trace infections and
other diseases

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21
Q

Basophil

A

A granular leukocyte that stains with basic dyes; active in allergic
reactions

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22
Q

Blood

A

The fluid that circulates in the cardiovascular system

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23
Q

Coagulation

A

Blood clotting

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24
Q

Cross-matching

A

Testing the compatibility of donor and recipient blood in
preparation for a transfusion. Donor red cells are mixed with
recipient serum, and red cells of the recipient are mixed with
donor serum to look for an immunologic reaction. Similar tests
are done on tissues before transplantation

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25
Q

Electrolyte

A

A substance that separates into charged particles (ions) in
solution; a salt. Term also applied to ions in body fluids

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26
Q

Eosinophil

A

A granular leukocyte that stains with acidic dyes; active in
allergic reactions and defense against parasites

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27
Q

Erythrocyte

A

A red blood cell

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28
Q

Erythropoietin EPO

A

A hormone produced in the kidneys that stimulates red blood
cell production in the bone marrow. This hormone is now made
by genetic engineering for clinical use

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29
Q

Fibrin

A

The protein that forms a clot in the process of blood coagulation

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30
Q

Fibrinogen

A

The inactive precursor of Fibrin

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31
Q

Formed elements

A

The cellular components of blood

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32
Q

Gamma globulin

A

The fraction of the blood plasma that contains antibodies; given for
passive transfer of immunity

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33
Q

Granulocytes

A

A white blood cell that has visible granules in its cytoplasm.
Granulocytes include neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils

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34
Q

Hemoglobin

A

The iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that transports
oxygen

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35
Q

Hemostasis

A

The stoppage of bleeding

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36
Q

Immunity

A

The state of being protected against a specific disease

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37
Q

Immunoglobulin

A

An antibody. Immunoglobulins fall into five classes, each
abbreviated with a capital letter: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE

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38
Q

Leukocyte

A

A white blood cell

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39
Q

Lymphocyte

A

An agranular leukocyte active in immunity (T cells and B cells);
found in both the blood and in lymphoid tissue

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40
Q

Megakaryocyte

A

A larger marrow cell that fragments to release platelets

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41
Q

Macrophage

A

A phagocytic cell derived from a monocyte; usually located within
the tissues. Macrophages process antigens for T cells

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42
Q

Monocyte

A

An agranular phagocytic leukocyte

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43
Q

Neutrophil

A

A granular leukocyte that stains with acidic or basic dyes. The most
numerous of the white blood cells. A type of phagocyte

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44
Q

Phagocytosis

A

The engulfing of foreign material by white blood cells

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45
Q

Plasma

A

The Liquid portion of the blood

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46
Q

Plasma cell

A

A mature form of a B cell that produces antibodies

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47
Q

Platelet

A

A formed element of the blood that is active in hemostasis; a
thrombocyte

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48
Q

Serum

A

The fraction of the plasma that remains after blood
coagulation; it is the equivalent of plasma without its
clotting factors

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49
Q

T cell

A

A lymphocyte that matures in the thymus gland and attacks
foreign cells directly; T lymphocyte

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50
Q

Thrombocyte

A

A blood platelet

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51
Q

Agglutination

A

The clumping of cells or particles in the presence of specific
antibodies

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52
Q

Bilirubin

A

A pigment derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin. It is
eliminated by the liver in bile

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53
Q

Complement

A

A group of plasma enzymes that interacts with antibodies

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54
Q

Corpuscle

A

A small mass or body , A blood corpuscle is a blood cell

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55
Q

Hemopoietic stem cell

A

A primitive bone marrow cell that gives rise to all varieties of blood cells

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56
Q

Heparin

A

A substance found throughout the body that inhibits blood
coagulation; an anticoagulant

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57
Q

Plasmin

A

An enzyme that dissolves clots; also called fibrinolysin

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58
Q

Thrombin

A

The enzyme derived from prothrombin that converts fibrinogen to fibrin

59
Q

AIDS

A

Failure of the immune system caused by infection with HIV
(human immunodeficiency virus). The virus infects certain T
cells and thus interferes with immunity

60
Q

Allergen

A

A substance that causes an allergic response

61
Q

Allergy

A

Hypersensitivity

62
Q

Anaphylactic

A

An exaggerated allergic reaction to a foreign substance (root
phylaxis means. “protection”). It may lead to death caused
by circulatory collapse, and respiratory distress if untreated.
Also called anaphylaxis

63
Q

Anemia

A

A deficiency in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood; may
result from blood loss, malnutrition, a hereditary defect,
environmental factors, and other causes

64
Q

Angioedema

A

A localized edema with large hives (wheals) similar to
urticaria but involving deeper layers of the skin and
subcutaneous tissue

65
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

Anemia caused by bone marrow failure resulting in deficient
blood cell production, especially of red cells; pancytopenia

66
Q

Autoimmune disease

A

A condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against
an individual’s own tissues (prefix auto means “self”

67
Q

Cooley anemia

A

A form of thalassemia (hereditary anemia) which affects production
of the β (beta) hemoglobin chain; thalassemia major

68
Q

Delayed hypersensitivity reaction

A

An allergic reaction involving T cells that takes at least 12 hours to
develop. Examples are various types of contact dermatitis, such as
poison ivy or poison oak; the tuberculin reaction (test for TB); and
rejections of transplanted tissue

69
Q

Disseminated Intra vascular coagulation DIC

A

Widespread formation of clots in the microscopic vessels; may be
followed by bleeding caused by depletion of clotting factors

70
Q

Ecchymosis

A

A collection of blood under the skin caused by leakage from small
vessels

71
Q

Hemolysis

A

The rupture of red blood cells and the release of hemoglobin

72
Q

Hemophilia

A

A hereditary blood disease caused by lack of a clotting factor and
resulting in abnormal bleeding

73
Q

Hemorrhagic anemia

A

Anemia that results from blood loss, as from an injury or
internal bleeding

74
Q

HIV

A

The virus that causes aids

75
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma

A

A neoplastic disease of unknown cause that involves the lymph
nodes, spleen, liver, and other tissues; characterized by the
presence of giant Reed–Sternberg cells

76
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

An immunologic reaction to a substance that is harmless to
most people; allergy

77
Q

Immunodeficiency

A

A congenital or acquired failure of the immune system to
protect against disease

78
Q

Intrinsic factor

A

A substance produced in the stomach that aids in the
absorption of vitamin B12 , necessary for the manufacture of
red blood cells. Lack of intrinsic factor causes pernicious
anemia

79
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

Cancerous lesion of the skin and other tissues, seen most often
in patients with AIDS

80
Q

Leukemia

A

Malignant overgrowth of immature white blood cells; may be
chronic or acute; may affect bone marrow (myelogenous
leukemia) or lymphoid tissue (lymphocytic leukemia)

81
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Any disease of the lymph nodes

82
Q

Multiple myeloma

A

A tumor of the blood forming tissue in bone marrow

83
Q

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A

A widespread malignant disease of lymph nodes that involves
lymphocytes. It differs from Hodgkin disease in that giant
Reed–Sternberg cells are absent

84
Q

Nutritional anemia

A

Anemia resulting from a dietary deficiency, usually of iron,
vitamin B12, or folate

85
Q

Philadelphia chromosomes

A

An abnormal chromosome found in the cells of most
individuals with chronic granulocytic (myelogenous) leukemia

86
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

Anemia caused by failure of the stomach to produce intrinsic
factor, a substance needed for the absorption of vitamin B12 .
This vitamin is required for the formation of erythrocytes

87
Q

Petechiae

A

Pinpoint, flat, purplish-red spots caused by bleeding within
the skin or mucous membrane (singular: petechia)

88
Q

Purpura

A

A condition characterized by hemorrhages into the skin,
mucous membranes, internal organs, and other tissues (from
Greek word meaning “purple”). Thrombocytopenic purpura is
caused by a deficiency of platelets

89
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

A hereditary anemia caused by the presence of abnormal
hemoglobin. Red blood cells become sickle-shaped and
interfere with normal blood flow to the tissues. Most common
in black populations of West African descent

90
Q

Sideroblastic anemia

A

Anemia caused by inability to use available iron to
manufacture hemoglobin. The excess iron precipitates in
normoblasts (developing red blood cells)

91
Q

Sjogren syndrome

A

An autoimmune disease involving dysfunction of the exocrine
glands and affecting secretion of tears, saliva, and other body
fluids. Deficiency leads to dry mouth, tooth decay, corneal
damage, eye infections, and difficulty in swallowing

92
Q

Splenomegaly

A

Enlargement of the spleen

93
Q

Systemic lupus erythematous

A

Inflammatory connective tissue disease affecting the skin and
multiple organs. Patients are sensitive to light and may have a red
butterfly-shaped rash over the nose and cheeks

94
Q

Systemic sclerosis

A

A diffuse disease of connective tissue that may involve any system
causing inflammation, degeneration, and fibrosis. Also called
scleroderma because it causes thickening of the skin

95
Q

Thalassemia

A

A group of hereditary anemias mostly found in populations of
Mediterranean descent (the name comes from the Greek word for
“sea”)

96
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

A deficiency of thrombocytes (platelets) in the blood

97
Q

Urticaria

A

A skin reaction consisting of round, raised eruptions (wheals) with
itching; hives

98
Q

Adrenaline

A

See epinephrine

99
Q

CD4+ T lymphocyte count

A

A count of the T cells that have the CD4 receptors for the AIDS
virus (HIV). A count of less than 200/μL of blood signifies severe
immunodeficiency

100
Q

Epinephrine

A

A powerful stimulant produced by the adrenal gland and
sympathetic nervous system. Activates the cardiovascular,
respiratory, and other systems needed to meet stress. Used as a
drug to treat severe allergic reactions and shock. Also called
adrenaline

101
Q

Reticulocyte counts

A

Blood counts of reticulocytes, a type of immature red blood
cell; reticulocyte counts are useful in diagnosis to indicate the
rate of erythrocyte formation

102
Q

Reed stern berg cells

A

Giant cells that are characteristic of Hodgkin disease. They
usually have two large nuclei and are surrounded by a halo

103
Q

Agranulocytosis

A

A condition involving a decrease in the number of
granulocytes in the blood; also called granulocytopenia

104
Q

Erythrocytosis

A

Increase in the number of red cells in the blood; may be
normal, such as to compensate for life at high altitudes, or
abnormal, such as in cases of pulmonary or cardiac disease

105
Q

Hematoma

A

A localized collection of blood, usually clotted, caused by
a break in a blood vessel

106
Q

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

A

Disease that results from incompatibility between the blood
of a mother and her fetus, usually involving Rh factor. An Rh-
negative mother produces antibody to an Rh-positive fetus
that, in later pregnancies, will destroy the red cells of an
Rh-positive fetus. The problem is usually avoided by treating
the mother with antibodies to remove the Rh antigen;
erythroblastosis fetalis

107
Q

Infectious mononucleosis

A

An acute infectious disease caused by Epstein–Barr virus
(EBV). Characterized by fever, weakness, lymphadenopathy,
hepatosplenomegaly, and atypical lymphocytes (resembling
monocytes)

108
Q

Lymphocytosis

A

An increase in the number of circulating lymphocytes

109
Q

Neutropenia

A

A decrease in the number of neutrophils with increased
susceptibility to infection. Causes include drugs, irradiation,
and infection. May be a side effect of treatment for
malignancy

110
Q

Septicemia

A

Presence of microorganism in the blood

111
Q

Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura

A

An often fatal disorder in which multiple clots form in blood vessels

112
Q

pH

A

A scale that measures the relative acidity or alkalinity of a
solution. Represents the amount of hydrogen ion in the
solution

113
Q

Seroconversion

A

The appearance of antibodies in the serum in response to a
disease or an immunization

114
Q

Anticoagulant

A

An agent that prevents or delays blood coagulation

115
Q

Antihistamine

A

A drug that counteracts the effects of histamine and is
used to treat allergic reactions

116
Q

Autologous blood

A

A person’s own blood. May be donated in advance of
surgery and transfused if needed

117
Q

Homologous blood

A

Blood from animals of the same species, such as
human blood used for transfusion from one person to
another. Blood used for transfusions must be
compatible with the blood of the recipient

118
Q

Immunosuppression

A

Depression of the immune response. May be
correlated with disease but also may be induced
therapeutically to prevent rejection in cases of tissue
transplantation

119
Q

RBC

A

Number of red blood cells per microliter of blood.
(One microliter = 1/1000 of a milliliter. A milliliter is about 20
drops, so a microliter is about 20/ 1000 (=2/100) of a drop, or an
amount about the size of a pinhole – just barely visible.)

120
Q

WBC

A

Number of white blood cell per microliter of blood

121
Q

Differential count

A

Relative percentage of the different type of leukocytes

122
Q

Hematocrit

A

Relative percentage of packed red cells in a given volume of blood

123
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Amount of hemoglobin measure as from a per 100ml of blood

124
Q

CBC

A

Series of blood test including cell counts , hematocrits , hemoglobin , and cell volume measurements

125
Q

Bleeding time Bt

A

Measure capacity of platelets to stop bleeding after a standard skin incision

126
Q

Thrombin time TT

A

Measures how quickly a clot forms

127
Q

Ab

A

Antibody

128
Q

Ag

A

Antigen

129
Q

AIDS

A

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

130
Q

BT

A

Bleeding time

131
Q

CBC

A

Complete blood count

132
Q

Crit

A

Hematocrit

133
Q

Diff

A

Differential count

134
Q

EBV

A

Epstein Barr virus

135
Q

EPO , EP

A

Erythropoietin

136
Q

Hb, Hgb

A

Hemoglobin

137
Q

Hct, Ht

A

Hematocrit

138
Q

HDN

A

Hemolytic disease of the new born

139
Q

HIV

A

Human immunodeficiency virus

140
Q

Lytes

A

Electrolytes

141
Q

pH

A

A scale for measuring hydrogen ion concentration

142
Q

Polymorph

A

Neutrophil

143
Q

WBC

A

White blood cell count

Med Term Biol120 - Domincan University (13 decks)

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