Unit 10 Quiz 9 Flashcards
(143 cards)
1
Q
Azot/o
A
Nitrogenous compounds
2
Q
Calc/i
A
Calcium symbol Ca
3
Q
Ferr/o , ferr/i
A
Iron
4
Q
Sider/o
A
Iron
5
Q
Kali
A
Potassium
6
Q
Natri
A
Sodium
7
Q
Oxy
A
Oxygen
8
Q
Thrombo
A
Blood clot
9
Q
Thrombocyt/o
A
Platelet , thrombocyte
10
Q
Immun/o
A
Immunity
11
Q
-emia , -hemia
A
Condition of blood
12
Q
-Penia
A
Decrease in deficiency of
13
Q
-poiesis
A
Formation , production
14
Q
Agranulocyte
A
A white blood cell that does not have visible granules in its
cytoplasm. Agranulocytes include lymphocytes and monocytes
15
Q
Albumin
A
A simple Protein found in blood plasma
16
Q
Antibody
A
A protein produced in response to and interacting specifically with
an antigen
17
Q
Antigen
A
A substance that induces the formation of an antibody
18
Q
Antigen - presenting cell APC
A
Immune cell that takes in a foreign antigen, processes it, and
presents it on the cell surface in combination with the body’s own
proteins, thus activating a T cell; examples are dendritic cells and
macrophages, which are descendants of monocytes
19
Q
B cell
A
A lymphocyte that matures in lymphoid tissue and is active in
producing antibodies; B lymphocyte
20
Q
Band cell
A
An immature neutrophil with a nucleus in the shape of a band; also
called a stab cell. Band cell counts are used to trace infections and
other diseases
21
Q
Basophil
A
A granular leukocyte that stains with basic dyes; active in allergic
reactions
22
Q
Blood
A
The fluid that circulates in the cardiovascular system
23
Q
Coagulation
A
Blood clotting
24
Q
Cross-matching
A
Testing the compatibility of donor and recipient blood in
preparation for a transfusion. Donor red cells are mixed with
recipient serum, and red cells of the recipient are mixed with
donor serum to look for an immunologic reaction. Similar tests
are done on tissues before transplantation
25
Electrolyte
A substance that separates into charged particles (ions) in
solution; a salt. Term also applied to ions in body fluids
26
Eosinophil
A granular leukocyte that stains with acidic dyes; active in
allergic reactions and defense against parasites
27
Erythrocyte
A red blood cell
28
Erythropoietin EPO
A hormone produced in the kidneys that stimulates red blood
cell production in the bone marrow. This hormone is now made
by genetic engineering for clinical use
29
Fibrin
The protein that forms a clot in the process of blood coagulation
30
Fibrinogen
The inactive precursor of Fibrin
31
Formed elements
The cellular components of blood
32
Gamma globulin
The fraction of the blood plasma that contains antibodies; given for
passive transfer of immunity
33
Granulocytes
A white blood cell that has visible granules in its cytoplasm.
Granulocytes include neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils
34
Hemoglobin
The iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that transports
oxygen
35
Hemostasis
The stoppage of bleeding
36
Immunity
The state of being protected against a specific disease
37
Immunoglobulin
An antibody. Immunoglobulins fall into five classes, each
abbreviated with a capital letter: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE
38
Leukocyte
A white blood cell
39
Lymphocyte
An agranular leukocyte active in immunity (T cells and B cells);
found in both the blood and in lymphoid tissue
40
Megakaryocyte
A larger marrow cell that fragments to release platelets
41
Macrophage
A phagocytic cell derived from a monocyte; usually located within
the tissues. Macrophages process antigens for T cells
42
Monocyte
An agranular phagocytic leukocyte
43
Neutrophil
A granular leukocyte that stains with acidic or basic dyes. The most
numerous of the white blood cells. A type of phagocyte
44
Phagocytosis
The engulfing of foreign material by white blood cells
45
Plasma
The Liquid portion of the blood
46
Plasma cell
A mature form of a B cell that produces antibodies
47
Platelet
A formed element of the blood that is active in hemostasis; a
thrombocyte
48
Serum
The fraction of the plasma that remains after blood
coagulation; it is the equivalent of plasma without its
clotting factors
49
T cell
A lymphocyte that matures in the thymus gland and attacks
foreign cells directly; T lymphocyte
50
Thrombocyte
A blood platelet
51
Agglutination
The clumping of cells or particles in the presence of specific
antibodies
52
Bilirubin
A pigment derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin. It is
eliminated by the liver in bile
53
Complement
A group of plasma enzymes that interacts with antibodies
54
Corpuscle
A small mass or body , A blood corpuscle is a blood cell
55
Hemopoietic stem cell
A primitive bone marrow cell that gives rise to all varieties of blood cells
56
Heparin
A substance found throughout the body that inhibits blood
coagulation; an anticoagulant
57
Plasmin
An enzyme that dissolves clots; also called fibrinolysin
58
Thrombin
The enzyme derived from prothrombin that converts fibrinogen to fibrin
59
AIDS
Failure of the immune system caused by infection with HIV
(human immunodeficiency virus). The virus infects certain T
cells and thus interferes with immunity
60
Allergen
A substance that causes an allergic response
61
Allergy
Hypersensitivity
62
Anaphylactic
An exaggerated allergic reaction to a foreign substance (root
phylaxis means. “protection”). It may lead to death caused
by circulatory collapse, and respiratory distress if untreated.
Also called anaphylaxis
63
Anemia
A deficiency in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood; may
result from blood loss, malnutrition, a hereditary defect,
environmental factors, and other causes
64
Angioedema
A localized edema with large hives (wheals) similar to
urticaria but involving deeper layers of the skin and
subcutaneous tissue
65
Aplastic anemia
Anemia caused by bone marrow failure resulting in deficient
blood cell production, especially of red cells; pancytopenia
66
Autoimmune disease
A condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against
an individual's own tissues (prefix auto means “self”
67
Cooley anemia
A form of thalassemia (hereditary anemia) which affects production
of the β (beta) hemoglobin chain; thalassemia major
68
Delayed hypersensitivity reaction
An allergic reaction involving T cells that takes at least 12 hours to
develop. Examples are various types of contact dermatitis, such as
poison ivy or poison oak; the tuberculin reaction (test for TB); and
rejections of transplanted tissue
69
Disseminated Intra vascular coagulation DIC
Widespread formation of clots in the microscopic vessels; may be
followed by bleeding caused by depletion of clotting factors
70
Ecchymosis
A collection of blood under the skin caused by leakage from small
vessels
71
Hemolysis
The rupture of red blood cells and the release of hemoglobin
72
Hemophilia
A hereditary blood disease caused by lack of a clotting factor and
resulting in abnormal bleeding
73
Hemorrhagic anemia
Anemia that results from blood loss, as from an injury or
internal bleeding
74
HIV
The virus that causes aids
75
Hodgkin lymphoma
A neoplastic disease of unknown cause that involves the lymph
nodes, spleen, liver, and other tissues; characterized by the
presence of giant Reed–Sternberg cells
76
Hypersensitivity
An immunologic reaction to a substance that is harmless to
most people; allergy
77
Immunodeficiency
A congenital or acquired failure of the immune system to
protect against disease
78
Intrinsic factor
A substance produced in the stomach that aids in the
absorption of vitamin B12 , necessary for the manufacture of
red blood cells. Lack of intrinsic factor causes pernicious
anemia
79
Kaposi sarcoma
Cancerous lesion of the skin and other tissues, seen most often
in patients with AIDS
80
Leukemia
Malignant overgrowth of immature white blood cells; may be
chronic or acute; may affect bone marrow (myelogenous
leukemia) or lymphoid tissue (lymphocytic leukemia)
81
Lymphadenopathy
Any disease of the lymph nodes
82
Multiple myeloma
A tumor of the blood forming tissue in bone marrow
83
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
A widespread malignant disease of lymph nodes that involves
lymphocytes. It differs from Hodgkin disease in that giant
Reed–Sternberg cells are absent
84
Nutritional anemia
Anemia resulting from a dietary deficiency, usually of iron,
vitamin B12, or folate
85
Philadelphia chromosomes
An abnormal chromosome found in the cells of most
individuals with chronic granulocytic (myelogenous) leukemia
86
Pernicious anemia
Anemia caused by failure of the stomach to produce intrinsic
factor, a substance needed for the absorption of vitamin B12 .
This vitamin is required for the formation of erythrocytes
87
Petechiae
Pinpoint, flat, purplish-red spots caused by bleeding within
the skin or mucous membrane (singular: petechia)
88
Purpura
A condition characterized by hemorrhages into the skin,
mucous membranes, internal organs, and other tissues (from
Greek word meaning “purple”). Thrombocytopenic purpura is
caused by a deficiency of platelets
89
Sickle cell anemia
A hereditary anemia caused by the presence of abnormal
hemoglobin. Red blood cells become sickle-shaped and
interfere with normal blood flow to the tissues. Most common
in black populations of West African descent
90
Sideroblastic anemia
Anemia caused by inability to use available iron to
manufacture hemoglobin. The excess iron precipitates in
normoblasts (developing red blood cells)
91
Sjogren syndrome
An autoimmune disease involving dysfunction of the exocrine
glands and affecting secretion of tears, saliva, and other body
fluids. Deficiency leads to dry mouth, tooth decay, corneal
damage, eye infections, and difficulty in swallowing
92
Splenomegaly
Enlargement of the spleen
93
Systemic lupus erythematous
Inflammatory connective tissue disease affecting the skin and
multiple organs. Patients are sensitive to light and may have a red
butterfly-shaped rash over the nose and cheeks
94
Systemic sclerosis
A diffuse disease of connective tissue that may involve any system
causing inflammation, degeneration, and fibrosis. Also called
scleroderma because it causes thickening of the skin
95
Thalassemia
A group of hereditary anemias mostly found in populations of
Mediterranean descent (the name comes from the Greek word for
“sea”)
96
Thrombocytopenia
A deficiency of thrombocytes (platelets) in the blood
97
Urticaria
A skin reaction consisting of round, raised eruptions (wheals) with
itching; hives
98
Adrenaline
See epinephrine
99
CD4+ T lymphocyte count
A count of the T cells that have the CD4 receptors for the AIDS
virus (HIV). A count of less than 200/μL of blood signifies severe
immunodeficiency
100
Epinephrine
A powerful stimulant produced by the adrenal gland and
sympathetic nervous system. Activates the cardiovascular,
respiratory, and other systems needed to meet stress. Used as a
drug to treat severe allergic reactions and shock. Also called
adrenaline
101
Reticulocyte counts
Blood counts of reticulocytes, a type of immature red blood
cell; reticulocyte counts are useful in diagnosis to indicate the
rate of erythrocyte formation
102
Reed stern berg cells
Giant cells that are characteristic of Hodgkin disease. They
usually have two large nuclei and are surrounded by a halo
103
Agranulocytosis
A condition involving a decrease in the number of
granulocytes in the blood; also called granulocytopenia
104
Erythrocytosis
Increase in the number of red cells in the blood; may be
normal, such as to compensate for life at high altitudes, or
abnormal, such as in cases of pulmonary or cardiac disease
105
Hematoma
A localized collection of blood, usually clotted, caused by
a break in a blood vessel
106
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Disease that results from incompatibility between the blood
of a mother and her fetus, usually involving Rh factor. An Rh-
negative mother produces antibody to an Rh-positive fetus
that, in later pregnancies, will destroy the red cells of an
Rh-positive fetus. The problem is usually avoided by treating
the mother with antibodies to remove the Rh antigen;
erythroblastosis fetalis
107
Infectious mononucleosis
An acute infectious disease caused by Epstein–Barr virus
(EBV). Characterized by fever, weakness, lymphadenopathy,
hepatosplenomegaly, and atypical lymphocytes (resembling
monocytes)
108
Lymphocytosis
An increase in the number of circulating lymphocytes
109
Neutropenia
A decrease in the number of neutrophils with increased
susceptibility to infection. Causes include drugs, irradiation,
and infection. May be a side effect of treatment for
malignancy
110
Septicemia
Presence of microorganism in the blood
111
Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura
An often fatal disorder in which multiple clots form in blood vessels
112
pH
A scale that measures the relative acidity or alkalinity of a
solution. Represents the amount of hydrogen ion in the
solution
113
Seroconversion
The appearance of antibodies in the serum in response to a
disease or an immunization
114
Anticoagulant
An agent that prevents or delays blood coagulation
115
Antihistamine
A drug that counteracts the effects of histamine and is
used to treat allergic reactions
116
Autologous blood
A person's own blood. May be donated in advance of
surgery and transfused if needed
117
Homologous blood
Blood from animals of the same species, such as
human blood used for transfusion from one person to
another. Blood used for transfusions must be
compatible with the blood of the recipient
118
Immunosuppression
Depression of the immune response. May be
correlated with disease but also may be induced
therapeutically to prevent rejection in cases of tissue
transplantation
119
RBC
Number of red blood cells per microliter of blood.
(One microliter = 1/1000 of a milliliter. A milliliter is about 20
drops, so a microliter is about 20/ 1000 (=2/100) of a drop, or an
amount about the size of a pinhole – just barely visible.)
120
WBC
Number of white blood cell per microliter of blood
121
Differential count
Relative percentage of the different type of leukocytes
122
Hematocrit
Relative percentage of packed red cells in a given volume of blood
123
Hemoglobin
Amount of hemoglobin measure as from a per 100ml of blood
124
CBC
Series of blood test including cell counts , hematocrits , hemoglobin , and cell volume measurements
125
Bleeding time Bt
Measure capacity of platelets to stop bleeding after a standard skin incision
126
Thrombin time TT
Measures how quickly a clot forms
127
Ab
Antibody
128
Ag
Antigen
129
AIDS
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
130
BT
Bleeding time
131
CBC
Complete blood count
132
Crit
Hematocrit
133
Diff
Differential count
134
EBV
Epstein Barr virus
135
EPO , EP
Erythropoietin
136
Hb, Hgb
Hemoglobin
137
Hct, Ht
Hematocrit
138
HDN
Hemolytic disease of the new born
139
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
140
Lytes
Electrolytes
141
pH
A scale for measuring hydrogen ion concentration
142
Polymorph
Neutrophil
143
WBC
White blood cell count
