Unit 8 Quiz 7 Flashcards
1
Q
anterior pituitary
also called anterior hypophysis
or adenohypophysis
A
At base of brain in brain stem
2
Q
posterior pituitary
also called posterior hypophysis
or neurohypophysis
A
At base of. Brain in brain stem
3
Q
Thyroid
A
In the neck on anterior side
4
Q
Parathyroid
A
Islets of tissue on posterior surface of thyroid gland in neck
5
Q
Adrenal cortex
A
On top of kidneys outer area of gland
6
Q
Adrenal medulla
A
On top of kidneys inner area of gland
7
Q
Pancreatic islets
A
Cluster of hormone producing cells within the pancreas
8
Q
Thymus
A
In neck below thyroid
9
Q
Kidney
A
Posterior region of back fibroblast cells between kidney tubules
10
Q
Pineal
A
In the brain stem
11
Q
Testis
A
Groin cells between. Tubules in testes of males
12
Q
Ovary also placenta in pregnancy
A
pelvic cavity: follicle cells surrounding
ovum in ovary of female;
wall of uterus in pregnancy
13
Q
Small islets of cells producing hormones in digestive system
A
In walls of stomach and small intestine
14
Q
Endocrin/o
A
Endocrine glands or system
15
Q
Pituitar/i
A
Pituitary gland, hypophysis
16
Q
Hypophysi/o
A
Pituitary gland , hypophysis
17
Q
Thyr/o , thyroid/o
A
Thyroid gland
18
Q
Parathyro/o , parathyroid/o
A
Parathyroid gland
19
Q
Arden/o, adrena/o
A
Adrenal gland , epinephrine
20
Q
Adrenocortic/o
A
Adrenal cortex
21
Q
Insul/o
A
Pancreatic islets
22
Q
Adrenal gland
A
A gland on the superior surface of the kidney. The outer
region (cortex) secretes steroid hormones; the inner region
(medulla) secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) (root: adren/o)
23
Q
Endocrine
A
Pertaining to a ductless gland that secretes directly into the
blood
24
Q
Hormone
A
A secretion of an endocrine gland. A substance that travels
in the blood and has a regulatory effect on tissues, organs,
or glands
25
Hypophysis
The pituitary gland (root: hypophys); named from hypo,
meaning “below,” and physis, meaning “growing,” because
the gland grows below the hypothalamus
26
Hypothalamus
A portion of the brain that controls the pituitary gland and is active in maintaining homeostasis
27
Pancreatic islets
Clusters of endocrine cells in the pancreas that secrete
hormones to regulate sugar metabolism; also called islets of
Langerhans or islet cells (root insul/o means “island;” from
same root as Spanish word, “insula”)
28
Parathyroid glands
Small endocrine glands on the posterior thyroid that act to
increase blood calcium levels; there are usually four to six
parathyroid glands (root: parathyr/o, parathyroid/o); the name
literally means “near the thyroid”
29
Pineal gland
A small gland in the brain. Appears to regulate mood, daily
rhythms, and sexual development in response to environmental
light. Secretes the hormone melatonin
30
Pituitary gland
A small endocrine gland at the base of the brain. The anterior
lobe secretes growth hormone and hormones that stimulate
other glands; the posterior lobe releases ADH and oxytocin
manufactured in the hypothalamus
31
Prostaglandins
A group of hormones produced throughout the body that have a
variety of effects, including stimulation of uterine contractions
and regulation of blood pressure, blood clotting, and
inflammation
32
Receptor
A site on the cell membrane or within the cell to which a
substance, such as a hormone, attaches
33
Steroid hormone
A hormone made from lipids and including the sex hormones
and the hormones of the adrenal cortex
34
Target tissue
The specific tissue on which a hormone acts; may also be
called the target organ
35
Thyroid gland
An endocrine gland on either side of the larynx and upper
trachea. It secretes hormones that affect metabolism and
growth and a hormone (calcitonin) that regulates calcium
balance (root: thyr/o, thyroid/o)
36
Sella Turcica
A saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone
that contains the pituitary gland (literally means
“Turkish saddle”
37
Sphenoid bone
A bone at the base of the skull that houses the pituitary gland
38
Acromegaly
Overgrowth of bone and soft tissue, especially in the hands,
feet, and face, caused by an excess of growth hormone in an
adult. The name comes from acro meaning “extremity” and
megal/o meaning “enlargement”
39
Addison disease
A disease resulting from deficiency of adrenocortical hormones.
It is marked by darkening of the skin, weakness, and alterations
in salt and water balance
40
Adenoma
A neoplasm of a gland
41
Adult hypothyroidism
A condition caused by hypothyroidism in an adult. There is dry,
waxy swelling, most notable in the face; formerly called
myxedema
42
Cushing disease
Overactivity of the adrenal cortex resulting from excess
production of ACTH by the pituitary
43
Cushing syndrome
A condition resulting from an excess of hormones from the
adrenal cortex. It is associated with obesity, weakness,
hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hirsutism (excess hair
growth)
44
Diabetes insipidus
A disorder caused by insufficient release of ADH from the posterior
pituitary. It results in excessive thirst and production of large
amounts of very dilute urine. The word insipidus means “tasteless,”
referring to the dilution of the urine
45
Diabetes Mellitus
A disorder of glucose metabolism caused by deficiency of insulin
production or failure of the tissues to respond to insulin. Type 1
results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet cells; it
generally appears in children and requires insulin administration.
Type 2 generally occurs in obese adults; it is treated with diet,
exercise, drugs to improve insulin production or activity, and
sometimes insulin. The word mellitus comes from the Latin root for
honey, referring to the sugar content of the urine
46
Exophthalmos
Protrusion of the eyeballs ,as seen in Graves’ disease
47
Gigantism
Overgrowth caused by an excess of growth hormone from the
pituitary during childhood; also called giantism
48
Glaciated hemoglobin test (HbA1c)
A test that measures the binding of glucose to hemoglobin
during the lifespan of a red blood cell. It reflects the average
blood glucose level over two to three months and is useful in
evaluating long-term therapy for diabetes mellitus. Also
called A1c test
49
Glycosuria
Excess sugar in the urine
50
Goiter
Enlargement of the thyroid gland. May be toxic or nontoxic.
Simple (nontoxic) goiter is caused by iodine deficiency
51
Graves’ disease
An autoimmune disease resulting in hyperthyroidism. A
prominent symptom is exophthalmos (protrusion of the
eyeballs). Also called diffuse toxic goiter
52
Hyperglycemia
Excess glucose in the blood
53
Hypoglycemia
Abnormally low level of glucose in the blood
54
Insulin shock
A condition resulting from an overdose of insulin , causing hypoglycemia
55
Ketoacidosis
Acidosis (increased acidity of body fluids) caused by an
excess of ketone bodies, as in diabetes mellitus; diabetic
acidosis
56
Metabolic syndrome
A state of hyperglycemia caused by cellular resistance to
insulin, as seen in type 2 diabetes, in association with
other metabolic disorders; syndrome X or insulin
resistance syndrome
57
Panhypopituitarism
Underactivity of the entire pituitary gland
58
Tetany
Irritability and spasms of muscles; may be caused by low
blood calcium and other factors
59
Craniopharyngioma
A tumor of the pituitary gland
60
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)
High blood glucose levels after glucose intake that may
signal borderline diabetes mellitus
61
Ketosis
Accumulation of ketone bodies, such as acetone, in the
body. Usually results from deficiency or faulty metabolism of
carbohydrates, as in cases of diabetes mellitus and
starvation
62
Pheochromocytoma
A usually benign tumor of the adrenal medulla or other
structures containing chromaffin cells (cells that stain with
chromium salts); phe/o means “brown” or “dusky.” The
adrenal tumor causes increased production of epinephrine
63
Thyroid storm
A sudden onset of the symptoms of thyrotoxicosis occurring
in patients with hyperthyroidism who are untreated or
poorly treated. May be brought on by illness or trauma. Also
called thyroid crisis
64
Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
Measurement of glucose levels in blood plasma after
administration of a challenge dose of glucose to a
fasting patient. Used to measure patient's ability to
metabolize glucose. A value greater than or equal to
200 mg/dL in the two-hour sample indicates diabetes
65
Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
A method of measuring very small amounts of a
substance, especially hormones, in blood plasma using
radioactively labeled hormones and specific antibodies
66
Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) test
The test that measure the main protein that binds T4 in the blood
67
A1c
Glycated hemoglobin test
68
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
69
ADH
Antidiuretic hormone
70
BS
Blood sugar
71
FBG
Fasting blood glucose
72
FBS
Fasting blood sugar
73
FSH
Follicle-stimulating hormone
74
GH
Growth hormone
75
HbA1c
Hemoglobin A1c glycated hemoglobin
76
131I
Iodine 131 radioactive Iodine
77
LH
Luteinizing hormone
78
PRL
Prolactin
79
PTH
Parathyroid hormone
80
RIA
Radioimmunoassay
81
T1DM
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
82
T2DM
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
83
T3
Triiodothyronine
84
T4
Thyroxine ; tetraiodothyronine
85
TBG
Thyroxine-binding globulin
86
TSH
Thyroid - stimulating hormone
