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Med Term Biol120 - Domincan University > Unit 8 Quiz 7 > Flashcards

Unit 8 Quiz 7 Flashcards

1
Q

anterior pituitary
also called anterior hypophysis
or adenohypophysis

A

At base of brain in brain stem

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2
Q

posterior pituitary
also called posterior hypophysis
or neurohypophysis

A

At base of. Brain in brain stem

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3
Q

Thyroid

A

In the neck on anterior side

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4
Q

Parathyroid

A

Islets of tissue on posterior surface of thyroid gland in neck

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5
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

On top of kidneys outer area of gland

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6
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

On top of kidneys inner area of gland

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7
Q

Pancreatic islets

A

Cluster of hormone producing cells within the pancreas

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8
Q

Thymus

A

In neck below thyroid

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9
Q

Kidney

A

Posterior region of back fibroblast cells between kidney tubules

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10
Q

Pineal

A

In the brain stem

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11
Q

Testis

A

Groin cells between. Tubules in testes of males

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12
Q

Ovary also placenta in pregnancy

A

pelvic cavity: follicle cells surrounding
ovum in ovary of female;
wall of uterus in pregnancy

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13
Q

Small islets of cells producing hormones in digestive system

A

In walls of stomach and small intestine

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14
Q

Endocrin/o

A

Endocrine glands or system

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15
Q

Pituitar/i

A

Pituitary gland, hypophysis

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16
Q

Hypophysi/o

A

Pituitary gland , hypophysis

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17
Q

Thyr/o , thyroid/o

A

Thyroid gland

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18
Q

Parathyro/o , parathyroid/o

A

Parathyroid gland

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19
Q

Arden/o, adrena/o

A

Adrenal gland , epinephrine

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20
Q

Adrenocortic/o

A

Adrenal cortex

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21
Q

Insul/o

A

Pancreatic islets

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22
Q

Adrenal gland

A

A gland on the superior surface of the kidney. The outer
region (cortex) secretes steroid hormones; the inner region
(medulla) secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) (root: adren/o)

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23
Q

Endocrine

A

Pertaining to a ductless gland that secretes directly into the
blood

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24
Q

Hormone

A

A secretion of an endocrine gland. A substance that travels
in the blood and has a regulatory effect on tissues, organs,
or glands

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25
Q

Hypophysis

A

The pituitary gland (root: hypophys); named from hypo,
meaning “below,” and physis, meaning “growing,” because
the gland grows below the hypothalamus

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26
Q

Hypothalamus

A

A portion of the brain that controls the pituitary gland and is active in maintaining homeostasis

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27
Q

Pancreatic islets

A

Clusters of endocrine cells in the pancreas that secrete
hormones to regulate sugar metabolism; also called islets of
Langerhans or islet cells (root insul/o means “island;” from
same root as Spanish word, “insula”)

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28
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

Small endocrine glands on the posterior thyroid that act to
increase blood calcium levels; there are usually four to six
parathyroid glands (root: parathyr/o, parathyroid/o); the name
literally means “near the thyroid”

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29
Q

Pineal gland

A

A small gland in the brain. Appears to regulate mood, daily
rhythms, and sexual development in response to environmental
light. Secretes the hormone melatonin

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30
Q

Pituitary gland

A

A small endocrine gland at the base of the brain. The anterior
lobe secretes growth hormone and hormones that stimulate
other glands; the posterior lobe releases ADH and oxytocin
manufactured in the hypothalamus

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31
Q

Prostaglandins

A

A group of hormones produced throughout the body that have a
variety of effects, including stimulation of uterine contractions
and regulation of blood pressure, blood clotting, and
inflammation

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32
Q

Receptor

A

A site on the cell membrane or within the cell to which a
substance, such as a hormone, attaches

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33
Q

Steroid hormone

A

A hormone made from lipids and including the sex hormones
and the hormones of the adrenal cortex

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34
Q

Target tissue

A

The specific tissue on which a hormone acts; may also be
called the target organ

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35
Q

Thyroid gland

A

An endocrine gland on either side of the larynx and upper
trachea. It secretes hormones that affect metabolism and
growth and a hormone (calcitonin) that regulates calcium
balance (root: thyr/o, thyroid/o)

36
Q

Sella Turcica

A

A saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone
that contains the pituitary gland (literally means
“Turkish saddle”

37
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

A bone at the base of the skull that houses the pituitary gland

38
Q

Acromegaly

A

Overgrowth of bone and soft tissue, especially in the hands,
feet, and face, caused by an excess of growth hormone in an
adult. The name comes from acro meaning “extremity” and
megal/o meaning “enlargement”

39
Q

Addison disease

A

A disease resulting from deficiency of adrenocortical hormones.
It is marked by darkening of the skin, weakness, and alterations
in salt and water balance

40
Q

Adenoma

A

A neoplasm of a gland

41
Q

Adult hypothyroidism

A

A condition caused by hypothyroidism in an adult. There is dry,
waxy swelling, most notable in the face; formerly called
myxedema

42
Q

Cushing disease

A

Overactivity of the adrenal cortex resulting from excess
production of ACTH by the pituitary

43
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

A condition resulting from an excess of hormones from the
adrenal cortex. It is associated with obesity, weakness,
hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hirsutism (excess hair
growth)

44
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

A disorder caused by insufficient release of ADH from the posterior
pituitary. It results in excessive thirst and production of large
amounts of very dilute urine. The word insipidus means “tasteless,”
referring to the dilution of the urine

45
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

A disorder of glucose metabolism caused by deficiency of insulin
production or failure of the tissues to respond to insulin. Type 1
results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet cells; it
generally appears in children and requires insulin administration.
Type 2 generally occurs in obese adults; it is treated with diet,
exercise, drugs to improve insulin production or activity, and
sometimes insulin. The word mellitus comes from the Latin root for
honey, referring to the sugar content of the urine

46
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Protrusion of the eyeballs ,as seen in Graves’ disease

47
Q

Gigantism

A

Overgrowth caused by an excess of growth hormone from the
pituitary during childhood; also called giantism

48
Q

Glaciated hemoglobin test (HbA1c)

A

A test that measures the binding of glucose to hemoglobin
during the lifespan of a red blood cell. It reflects the average
blood glucose level over two to three months and is useful in
evaluating long-term therapy for diabetes mellitus. Also
called A1c test

49
Q

Glycosuria

A

Excess sugar in the urine

50
Q

Goiter

A

Enlargement of the thyroid gland. May be toxic or nontoxic.
Simple (nontoxic) goiter is caused by iodine deficiency

51
Q

Graves’ disease

A

An autoimmune disease resulting in hyperthyroidism. A
prominent symptom is exophthalmos (protrusion of the
eyeballs). Also called diffuse toxic goiter

52
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Excess glucose in the blood

53
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Abnormally low level of glucose in the blood

54
Q

Insulin shock

A

A condition resulting from an overdose of insulin , causing hypoglycemia

55
Q

Ketoacidosis

A

Acidosis (increased acidity of body fluids) caused by an
excess of ketone bodies, as in diabetes mellitus; diabetic
acidosis

56
Q

Metabolic syndrome

A

A state of hyperglycemia caused by cellular resistance to
insulin, as seen in type 2 diabetes, in association with
other metabolic disorders; syndrome X or insulin
resistance syndrome

57
Q

Panhypopituitarism

A

Underactivity of the entire pituitary gland

58
Q

Tetany

A

Irritability and spasms of muscles; may be caused by low
blood calcium and other factors

59
Q

Craniopharyngioma

A

A tumor of the pituitary gland

60
Q

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)

A

High blood glucose levels after glucose intake that may
signal borderline diabetes mellitus

61
Q

Ketosis

A

Accumulation of ketone bodies, such as acetone, in the
body. Usually results from deficiency or faulty metabolism of
carbohydrates, as in cases of diabetes mellitus and
starvation

62
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

A usually benign tumor of the adrenal medulla or other
structures containing chromaffin cells (cells that stain with
chromium salts); phe/o means “brown” or “dusky.” The
adrenal tumor causes increased production of epinephrine

63
Q

Thyroid storm

A

A sudden onset of the symptoms of thyrotoxicosis occurring
in patients with hyperthyroidism who are untreated or
poorly treated. May be brought on by illness or trauma. Also
called thyroid crisis

64
Q

Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

A

Measurement of glucose levels in blood plasma after
administration of a challenge dose of glucose to a
fasting patient. Used to measure patient’s ability to
metabolize glucose. A value greater than or equal to
200 mg/dL in the two-hour sample indicates diabetes

65
Q

Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

A

A method of measuring very small amounts of a
substance, especially hormones, in blood plasma using
radioactively labeled hormones and specific antibodies

66
Q

Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) test

A

The test that measure the main protein that binds T4 in the blood

67
Q

A1c

A

Glycated hemoglobin test

68
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

69
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone

70
Q

BS

A

Blood sugar

71
Q

FBG

A

Fasting blood glucose

72
Q

FBS

A

Fasting blood sugar

73
Q

FSH

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone

74
Q

GH

A

Growth hormone

75
Q

HbA1c

A

Hemoglobin A1c glycated hemoglobin

76
Q

131I

A

Iodine 131 radioactive Iodine

77
Q

LH

A

Luteinizing hormone

78
Q

PRL

A

Prolactin

79
Q

PTH

A

Parathyroid hormone

80
Q

RIA

A

Radioimmunoassay

81
Q

T1DM

A

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

82
Q

T2DM

A

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

83
Q

T3

A

Triiodothyronine

84
Q

T4

A

Thyroxine ; tetraiodothyronine

85
Q

TBG

A

Thyroxine-binding globulin

86
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid - stimulating hormone

Med Term Biol120 - Domincan University (13 decks)

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