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Med Term Biol120 - Domincan University > Unit 6 Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Unit 6 Quiz 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Flexión

A

Closing the angle at a joint

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2
Q

Extensión

A

Opening the angle at a joint

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3
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline

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4
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward midline of body

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5
Q

Rotation

A

Turning of body part on its own axis

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6
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular movement from a central point

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7
Q

Pronation

A

Turning downward

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8
Q

Supination

A

Turing upward

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9
Q

Eversión

A

Turning outward

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10
Q

Inversión

A

Turning inward

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11
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Bending backward

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12
Q

Plantar flexión

A

Bending the sole of the foot

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13
Q

Myo

A

Muscle

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14
Q

Musculo

A

Muscle

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15
Q

In o

A

Fiber

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16
Q

Fasci o

A

Fascia

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17
Q

Ten o , tendin o

A

Tendon

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18
Q

Ton o

A

Tone

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19
Q

Ergo

A

Work

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20
Q

Kino , kine , kinesio, kineto

A

Movement

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21
Q

Acetylcholine ACh

A

Neurotransmitter that stimulates contraction of skeletal muscles

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22
Q

Actin

A

One of the two contractile proteins in muscles cells the other is myosin

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23
Q

Agonist

A

The muscles that carries out a given movement , prime mover

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24
Q

Antagonist

A

The muscles that oppose and agonist it must relax when they agonist contracts

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25
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Involuntary muscles that makes up the wall of the heart

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26
Q

Fascia

A

The fibrous sheath of connective tissue that covers a muscle called deep fascia to differentiate it from the superficial fascia the underlies the skin

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27
Q

Fascicle

A

A small bundle as of muscle or nerve fibers

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28
Q

Insertion

A

In a given movement the point where a muscles is attached to a moving part of the skeleton

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29
Q

Muscle

A

An organ that produces movement by contracting also the tissue that composes such organs

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30
Q

Myosin

A

One of the two contractile proteins in muscles cells the other is actin

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31
Q

Neuromuscular junction NMJ

A

The point of contract or synapse between a branch of a motor neuron and a muscle cell

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32
Q

Origin

A

In a given movement the point where a muscle is attached to a stable part of the skeleton

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33
Q

Prime mover

A

The main muscles involved in a given movement

34
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Voluntary muscle that moves the skeleton and maintains posture

35
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Involuntary muscle that makes up the wall of the hollow organs,
vessels, and ducts; visceral muscle

36
Q

Synergist

A

A muscle that assist an agonist to produce a given movement

37
Q

Tendon

A

A fibrous band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a
bone (root: ten/o, tendin/o)

38
Q

Tonus

A

A state of steady, partial contraction of muscle that maintains
firmness; muscle tone (root: ton/o)

39
Q

Aponeurosis

A

A flat, white, sheet-like tendon that connects a muscle with the part
that it moves

40
Q

Creatine

A

A substance in muscle cells that stores energy for contraction

41
Q

Glycogen

A

A complex sugar that is stored for energy in muscles and in the liver

42
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS

A

A disease caused by degeneration of motor neurons
resulting in muscular weakness and atrophy; Lou
Gehrig disease

43
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome
(CFS)

A

A disease of unknown cause that involves persistent
fatigue, along with muscle and joint pain and other
symptoms; may be virally induced

44
Q

dermatomyositis

A

A disease of unknown origin involving inflammation of
muscles as well as dermatitis and skin rashes

45
Q

fibromyalgia syndrome
(FMS)

A

A disorder associated with widespread muscular aches
and stiffness and having no known cause

46
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

A group of hereditary muscular disorders marked by
progressive weakness and atrophy of muscles

47
Q

Myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

A disease characterized by progressive muscular
weakness; an autoimmune disease affecting the
neuromuscular junction

48
Q

polymyositis

A

A disease of unknown cause involving muscle inflammation
and weakness

49
Q

Repetitive strain injury

A

Tissue damage caused by repeated motion, usually overuse
of the arm or hand in occupational activities such as
writing, typing, painting, or using hand tools; also called
repetitive motion injury, cumulative trauma injury, overuse
syndrome

50
Q

Sprain

A

Injury to a ligament caused by abnormal or excessive force
at a joint, but without bone dislocation or fracture

51
Q

Strain

A

Trauma to a muscle because of overuse or excessive
stretch; if severe, may involve tearing of muscle, bleeding,
or separation of muscle from its tendon or separation of a
tendon from bone

52
Q

Tendinitis

A

Inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by injury or
overuse; the shoulder, elbow, and hip are common sites;
also spelled tendonitis

53
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

Inflammation of a tendon sheath

54
Q

creatine kinase (CK)

A

An enzyme found in muscle tissue; the serum level of
CK increases in cases of muscle damage; creatine
phosphokinase (CPK)

55
Q

electromyography
(EMG)

A

Study of the electrical activity of muscles during
contraction

56
Q

Asthenia

A

Weakness (prefix a- meaning “without” with root sthen/o
meaning “strength”)

57
Q

Ataxia

A

Lack of muscle coordination (from root tax/o meaning “order,
arrangement”); adjective: ataxic

58
Q

Atrophy

A

A wasting away; a decrease in the size of a tissue or organ, such
as the wasting of muscle from disuse

59
Q

Avulsion

A

Forcible tearing away of a part

60
Q

Contracture

A

Permanent contraction of a muscles

61
Q

fibromyositis

A

A nonspecific term for pain, tenderness, and stiffness in
muscles and joints

62
Q

restless legs
syndrome (RLS)

A

Uneasiness, twitching, or restlessness in the legs that occurs
after going to bed and often leading to insomnia; may be
caused by poor circulation or drug side effects

63
Q

Spasm

A

A sudden, involuntary muscle contraction; may be clonic
(contraction alternating with relaxation) or tonic (sustained); a
strong and painful spasm may be called a cramp (adjectives,
spastic, spasmodic)

64
Q

Tetanus

A

An acute infectious disease caused by the anaerobic bacillus
Clostridium tetani. It is marked by persistent painful spasms of
voluntary muscles; lockjaw. The breathing muscles can also go into
tetany, causing death.

65
Q

Tetany

A

A condition marked by spasms, cramps, and muscle twitching
caused by a metabolic imbalance, such as low blood calcium caused
by underactivity of the parathyroid glands.

66
Q

Torticollis

A

Spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles causing stiffness and
twisting of the neck; wryneck

67
Q

Chvostek sign

A

Spasm of facial muscles after a tap over the facial nerve;
evidence of tetany

68
Q

Dynamometer

A

Instrument for measuring degree of muscle power; from root
dynam/o meaning “force, energy” ; also called ergometer

69
Q

occupational
therapy

A

Health profession concerned with increasing function and
preventing disability through work and play activities. The
goal of occupational therapy is to increase the patient’s
independence and quality of daily life

70
Q

physical therapy

A

Health profession concerned with physical rehabilitation and
prevention of disability. Exercise, massage, and other
therapeutic methods are used to restore proper movement

71
Q

COX-2 inhibitor

A

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug that does not cause the
stomach problems associated with other NSAIDs. Inhibits the
cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enzyme without affecting the
COX-1 enzyme, a lack of which can cause stomach ulcers.
Some of these drugs have been withdrawn from the market
because of cardiac risk. Example is celecoxib (Celebrex)

72
Q

nonsteroidal
antiinflammatory
drug (NSAID)

A

Drug that reduces inflammation but is not a steroid;
examples include aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, and other
inhibitors of prostaglandins, naturally produced substances
that promote inflammation

73
Q

Ach

A

Acetylcholine

74
Q

ALS

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

75
Q

CPK

A

Creatine phosphokinease

76
Q

EMG

A

Electromyography, electromyogram

77
Q

FMS

A

Fibromyalgia syndrome

78
Q

MG

A

Myasthenia gravis

79
Q

NMJ

A

Neuromuscular junction

80
Q

OT

A

Occupations therapy , therapist

81
Q

PT

A

Physical therapist

Med Term Biol120 - Domincan University (13 decks)

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