Unit 6 Quiz 5 Flashcards
Flexión
Closing the angle at a joint
Extensión
Opening the angle at a joint
Abduction
Movement away from the midline
Adduction
Movement toward midline of body
Rotation
Turning of body part on its own axis
Circumduction
Circular movement from a central point
Pronation
Turning downward
Supination
Turing upward
Eversión
Turning outward
Inversión
Turning inward
Dorsiflexion
Bending backward
Plantar flexión
Bending the sole of the foot
Myo
Muscle
Musculo
Muscle
In o
Fiber
Fasci o
Fascia
Ten o , tendin o
Tendon
Ton o
Tone
Ergo
Work
Kino , kine , kinesio, kineto
Movement
Acetylcholine ACh
Neurotransmitter that stimulates contraction of skeletal muscles
Actin
One of the two contractile proteins in muscles cells the other is myosin
Agonist
The muscles that carries out a given movement , prime mover
Antagonist
The muscles that oppose and agonist it must relax when they agonist contracts
Cardiac muscle
Involuntary muscles that makes up the wall of the heart
Fascia
The fibrous sheath of connective tissue that covers a muscle called deep fascia to differentiate it from the superficial fascia the underlies the skin
Fascicle
A small bundle as of muscle or nerve fibers
Insertion
In a given movement the point where a muscles is attached to a moving part of the skeleton
Muscle
An organ that produces movement by contracting also the tissue that composes such organs
Myosin
One of the two contractile proteins in muscles cells the other is actin
Neuromuscular junction NMJ
The point of contract or synapse between a branch of a motor neuron and a muscle cell
Origin
In a given movement the point where a muscle is attached to a stable part of the skeleton
Prime mover
The main muscles involved in a given movement
Skeletal muscle
Voluntary muscle that moves the skeleton and maintains posture
Smooth muscle
Involuntary muscle that makes up the wall of the hollow organs,
vessels, and ducts; visceral muscle
Synergist
A muscle that assist an agonist to produce a given movement
Tendon
A fibrous band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a
bone (root: ten/o, tendin/o)
Tonus
A state of steady, partial contraction of muscle that maintains
firmness; muscle tone (root: ton/o)
Aponeurosis
A flat, white, sheet-like tendon that connects a muscle with the part
that it moves
Creatine
A substance in muscle cells that stores energy for contraction
Glycogen
A complex sugar that is stored for energy in muscles and in the liver
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS
A disease caused by degeneration of motor neurons
resulting in muscular weakness and atrophy; Lou
Gehrig disease
chronic fatigue syndrome
(CFS)
A disease of unknown cause that involves persistent
fatigue, along with muscle and joint pain and other
symptoms; may be virally induced
dermatomyositis
A disease of unknown origin involving inflammation of
muscles as well as dermatitis and skin rashes
fibromyalgia syndrome
(FMS)
A disorder associated with widespread muscular aches
and stiffness and having no known cause
Muscular dystrophy
A group of hereditary muscular disorders marked by
progressive weakness and atrophy of muscles
Myasthenia gravis (MG)
A disease characterized by progressive muscular
weakness; an autoimmune disease affecting the
neuromuscular junction
polymyositis
A disease of unknown cause involving muscle inflammation
and weakness
Repetitive strain injury
Tissue damage caused by repeated motion, usually overuse
of the arm or hand in occupational activities such as
writing, typing, painting, or using hand tools; also called
repetitive motion injury, cumulative trauma injury, overuse
syndrome
Sprain
Injury to a ligament caused by abnormal or excessive force
at a joint, but without bone dislocation or fracture
Strain
Trauma to a muscle because of overuse or excessive
stretch; if severe, may involve tearing of muscle, bleeding,
or separation of muscle from its tendon or separation of a
tendon from bone
Tendinitis
Inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by injury or
overuse; the shoulder, elbow, and hip are common sites;
also spelled tendonitis
Tenosynovitis
Inflammation of a tendon sheath
creatine kinase (CK)
An enzyme found in muscle tissue; the serum level of
CK increases in cases of muscle damage; creatine
phosphokinase (CPK)
electromyography
(EMG)
Study of the electrical activity of muscles during
contraction
Asthenia
Weakness (prefix a- meaning “without” with root sthen/o
meaning “strength”)
Ataxia
Lack of muscle coordination (from root tax/o meaning “order,
arrangement”); adjective: ataxic
Atrophy
A wasting away; a decrease in the size of a tissue or organ, such
as the wasting of muscle from disuse
Avulsion
Forcible tearing away of a part
Contracture
Permanent contraction of a muscles
fibromyositis
A nonspecific term for pain, tenderness, and stiffness in
muscles and joints
restless legs
syndrome (RLS)
Uneasiness, twitching, or restlessness in the legs that occurs
after going to bed and often leading to insomnia; may be
caused by poor circulation or drug side effects
Spasm
A sudden, involuntary muscle contraction; may be clonic
(contraction alternating with relaxation) or tonic (sustained); a
strong and painful spasm may be called a cramp (adjectives,
spastic, spasmodic)
Tetanus
An acute infectious disease caused by the anaerobic bacillus
Clostridium tetani. It is marked by persistent painful spasms of
voluntary muscles; lockjaw. The breathing muscles can also go into
tetany, causing death.
Tetany
A condition marked by spasms, cramps, and muscle twitching
caused by a metabolic imbalance, such as low blood calcium caused
by underactivity of the parathyroid glands.
Torticollis
Spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles causing stiffness and
twisting of the neck; wryneck
Chvostek sign
Spasm of facial muscles after a tap over the facial nerve;
evidence of tetany
Dynamometer
Instrument for measuring degree of muscle power; from root
dynam/o meaning “force, energy” ; also called ergometer
occupational
therapy
Health profession concerned with increasing function and
preventing disability through work and play activities. The
goal of occupational therapy is to increase the patient’s
independence and quality of daily life
physical therapy
Health profession concerned with physical rehabilitation and
prevention of disability. Exercise, massage, and other
therapeutic methods are used to restore proper movement
COX-2 inhibitor
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug that does not cause the
stomach problems associated with other NSAIDs. Inhibits the
cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enzyme without affecting the
COX-1 enzyme, a lack of which can cause stomach ulcers.
Some of these drugs have been withdrawn from the market
because of cardiac risk. Example is celecoxib (Celebrex)
nonsteroidal
antiinflammatory
drug (NSAID)
Drug that reduces inflammation but is not a steroid;
examples include aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, and other
inhibitors of prostaglandins, naturally produced substances
that promote inflammation
Ach
Acetylcholine
ALS
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
CPK
Creatine phosphokinease
EMG
Electromyography, electromyogram
FMS
Fibromyalgia syndrome
MG
Myasthenia gravis
NMJ
Neuromuscular junction
OT
Occupations therapy , therapist
PT
Physical therapist
