Unit 11 Quiz 10 Flashcards
Nas/o
Nose
Rhin/o
Nose
Pharyng/o
Pharynx
Laryng/o
Larynx
Trache/o
Trachea
Bronch/o , bronch/i
Bronchus
Bronchiol
Bronchiole
Phren/o
Diaphragm
Phrenic/o
Phrenic nerve
Pleur/o
Pleura
Plum/o , pulmon/o
Lung
Pneumon/o
Lung
Pneum/o , pneumat/o
Air , gas also respiration , lung
Spir/o
Breathing
-pnea
Breathing
-oxia
Level of oxygen
-capnia
Level of carbon dioxide
-phonia
Voice
Adenoids
Lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharynx; the pharyngeal tonsils
Alveoli
The tiny air sacs in the lungs through which gases are exchanged
between the atmosphere and the blood in respiration (singular:
alveolus). An alveolus, in general, is a small hollow or cavity; the
term is also used to describe the bony socket for a tooth
Bronchiole
One of the smaller subdivisions of the bronchial tubes
(root: bronchiol)
Bronchus
One of the larger air passageways in the lungs. The bronchi begin as
two branches of the trachea and then subdivide within the lungs
(plural: bronchi) (root: bronch)
Carbon dioxide
A gas produced by energy metabolism in cells and eliminated
through the lungs
Carbonic acid
An acid formed by carbon dioxide when it dissolves in water; H2 CO3
Compliance
A measure of how easily the lungs expand under pressure.
Compliance is reduced in many types of respiratory disorders
Diaphragm
The dome-shaped muscle under the lungs that flattens during
inspiration (root: phren/o)
Epiglottis
A leaf-shaped cartilage that covers the larynx during
swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea
(epi-: on top of; glottis: opening between vocal cords
Expectoration
The act of coughing up material from the respiratory tract;
also the material thus released; sputum
Expiration
The act of breathing out or expelling air from the lungs;
exhalation
Glottis
The opening between the vocal cords
Hemoglobin
The iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that transports
oxygen
Inspiration
The act of drawing air into the lungs inhalation
Larynx
The enlarged upper end of the trachea that contains the
vocal cords (root: laryng/o
Lingual tonsils
Small mounds of lymphoid tissue at the posterior of the
tongue
Lung
A cone-shaped spongy organ of respiration contained within
the thorax (roots: pneum, pulm)
Mediastinum
The space between the lungs together with the organs
contained in this space
Nose
The organ of the face used for breathing and for housing
receptors for the sense of smell; includes an external
portion and an internal nasal cavity (roots: nas/o, rhin/o
Oxygen
The gas needed by cells to release energy from food during
metabolism
Palatine tonsils
The paired masses of lymphoid tissue located on either side
of the oropharynx; usually meant when the term tonsils is
used alone
Pharynx
The throat; a common passageway for food entering the
esophagus and air entering the larynx (root: pharyng/o
Phrenic nerve
The nerve that activates that diaphragm
Pleura
A double-layered membrane that lines the thoracic cavity
(parietal pleura) and covers the lungs (visceral pleura)
(root: pleur/o)
Pleural space
The thin, fluid-filled space between the two layers of the
pleura; pleural cavity
Pulmonary ventilation
The movement of air into and out of the lungs
Sinus
A cavity or channel; the paranasal sinuses are located
near the nose and drain into the nasal cavity
Sputum
The substance released by coughing or clearing the
throat; expectoration. It may contain a variety of material
from the respiratory tract
Surfactant
A substance that decreases surface tension within the
alveoli and eases lung expansion.
Trachea
The air passageway that extends from the larynx to the
bronchi (root: trache/o)
Turbinate bones
The bony projections in the nasal cavity that contain
receptors for the sense of smell. Also called conchae
(KON-kē)
Vocal folds
Membranous folds on either side of the larynx that are
important in speech production. Also called vocal cords
Carina
A projection of the lowest tracheal cartilage that forms a
ridge between the two bronchi. Used as a landmark for
endoscopy. Any ridge or ridge-like structure (from a Latin
word that means “keel”)
Hilum
An anatomical depression in an organ where vessels and nerves enter
Hyperpnea
increase in the depth and rate of breathing to meet the
body’s needs, as in exercise
Hypopnea
Decrease in the rate and depth of breathing
Nares
The external openings of the nose; the nostrils
Nasal septum
The partition that divides the nasal cavity into two parts
Tachypnea
Excessive rate of breathing which may be normal as in exercise
Acidosis
Abnormal acidity of body fluids. Respiratory acidosis is caused
by abnormally high levels of carbon dioxide in the body
Acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS
Pulmonary edema that can lead rapidly to fatal respiratory
failure; causes include trauma, aspiration into the lungs, viral
pneumonia, and drug reactions; shock lung
Acute Rhinitis
Inflammation of the nasal mucosa with sneezing, tearing, and
profuse secretion of watery mucus, as seen in the common
cold
Alkalosis
Abnormal alkalinity of body fluids. Respiratory alkalosis is
caused by abnormally low levels of carbon dioxide in the body
Aspiration
The accidental inhalation of food or other foreign material
into the lungs. Also means the withdrawal of fluid from a
cavity by suction
Asthama
A disease characterized by dyspnea and wheezing caused by
spasm of the bronchial tubes or swelling of their mucous
membranes
Atelectasis
Incomplete expansion of a lung or part of a lung; lung
collapse. May be present at birth (as in respiratory distress
syndrome) or be caused by bronchial obstruction or
compression of lung tissue (prefix atel/o means “imperfect”)
Bronchiectasis
Chronic dilatation of a bronchus or bronchi
Bronchitis
Inflammation of a bronchus
chronic
obstructive
pulmonary
disease (COPD)
Any of a group of chronic, progressive, and
debilitating respiratory diseases, which includes
emphysema, asthma, bronchitis, and bronchiectasis
Cyanosis
Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of
oxygen in the blood (adjective: cyanotic)
cystic fibrosis
(CF)
An inherited disease that affects the pancreas,
respiratory system, and sweat glands. Characterized
by mucus accumulation in the bronchi causing
obstruction and leading to infection
Diphtheria
Acute infectious disease, usually limited to the upper
respiratory tract, characterized by the formation of a
surface pseudomembrane composed of cells and
coagulated material
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing, sometimes with pain;
“air hunger”
Emphysema
A chronic pulmonary disease characterized by enlargement and
destruction of the alveoli
Empyema
Accumulation of pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural
space; pyothorax
Hemoptysis
The spitting of blood from the mouth or respiratory tract
(ptysis means “spitting”)
Hemothorax
Presence of blood in the pleural space
Hydrothorax
Presence of fluid in the pleural space
Hyperventilation
Increased rate and depth of breathing; increase in the amount
of air entering the alveoli
Hypoventilaiton
Condition in which the amount of air entering the alveoli is
insufficient to meet metabolic needs and blood carbon dioxide
increases to levels above normal
Influenza
An acute, contagious respiratory infection causing fever, chills,
headache, and muscle pain; “flu”
Pertussis
An acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough ending in
a whooping inspiration; whooping cough
pleural effusion
Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. The fluid may
contain blood (hemothorax) or pus (pyothorax or
empyema
Pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleura; pleuritis. A symptom of
pleurisy is sharp pain on breathing
Pneumoconiosis
Disease of the respiratory tract caused by inhalation of
dust particles. Named more specifically by the type of
dust inhaled, such as silicosis, anthracosis, asbestosis
Pneumonia
Inflammation of the lungs generally caused by infection.
May involve the bronchioles and alveoli
(bronchopneumonia) or one or more lobes of the lung
(lobar pneumonia)
Pneumonitis
Inflammation of the lungs; may follow infection or be
caused by asthma, allergy, or inhalation of irritants
Pneumothorax
Accumulation of air or gas in the pleural space. May
result from injury or disease or may be produced
artificially to collapse a lung
Pyothorax
Accumulation of pus in the pleural space; empyema
respiratory distress
syndrome (RDS)
A respiratory disorder that affects premature infants
born without enough surfactant in the lungs. It is
treated with respiratory support and surfactant
administration
sudden infant
death syndrome
(SIDS)
The sudden and unexplained death of an apparently
healthy infant; crib death
Tuberculosis
An infectious disease caused by the tubercle
bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Often involves
the lungs but may involve other parts of the body as
well. Miliary (MIL-ē-ar-ē) tuberculosis is an acute
generalized form of the disease with formation of
minute tubercles that resemble millet seeds
arterial blood
gases (ABGs
The concentrations of gases, specifically oxygen and
carbon dioxide, in arterial blood. Reported as the partial
pressure (P) of the gas in arterial (a) blood, such as PaO2
or PaCO 2 . These measurements are important in
measuring acid–base balance
Bronchoscope
An endoscope used to examine the tracheobronchial
passageways. Also allows access for biopsy of tissue or
removal of a foreign object
LungScan
Study based on the accumulation of radioactive isotope in
lung tissue. A ventilation scan measures ventilation after
inhalation of radioactive material. A perfusion scan
measures blood supply to the lungs after injection of
radioactive material. Also called a pulmonary scintiscan
pulse oximetry
Determination of the oxygen saturation of arterial blood
by means of a photoelectric apparatus (oximeter), usually
placed on the finger or the ear; reported as SpO2 in
percent
pulmonary
function tests
Tests done to assess breathing, usually by spirometry
Spirometer
An apparatus used to measure breathing volumes and
capacities; record of test is a spirogram
Thoracentesis
Surgical puncture of the chest for removal of air or fluids,
such as may accumulate after surgery or as a result of
injury, infection, or cardiovascular problems. Also called
thoracocentesis
tuberculin test
A skin test for tuberculosis. Tuberculin (PPD), the test
material made from products of the tuberculosis
organism, is injected below the skin. A hard, raised lump
appearing with 48 to 72 hours indicates an active or
inactive TB infection. Also called the Mantoux (man-TOO)
test
