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Med Term Biol120 - Domincan University > Unit 13 Quiz 12 > Flashcards

Unit 13 Quiz 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Ren/o

A

Kidney

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2
Q

Nephr/o

A

Kidney

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3
Q

Glomerul/o

A

Glomerulus

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4
Q

Pyel/o

A

Renal pelvis

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5
Q

Cali/o calic/o

A

Calyx

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6
Q

Capsule kidney

A

Membranes sac , small container , outer cover

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7
Q

Cortex

A

outer layer The root of the word, cortex,
comes from the same root as the word
“cork.” Cork comes from tree bark, and thus
cortex implies the outer layer of a structure.

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8
Q

Medulla

A

Middle region or marrow

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9
Q

Ur/o

A

Urine , urinary tract

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10
Q

Urin/o

A

Urine

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11
Q

Ureter/o

A

Ureter

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12
Q

Cyst/o

A

Urinary bladder

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13
Q

Vesic/o

A

Urinary bladder

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14
Q

Urethr/o

A

Urethra

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15
Q

Aldosterone

A

Source : adrenal cortex
Promotes reabsorption of sodium and water in kidney as sodium is reabsorbed potassium is excreted

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16
Q

Antidiuretic hormone ADH

A

Source : anterior pituitary gland
Promotes reabsorption of water in kidneys

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17
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide ANP

A

Source :Myocardial cells in atria of heart
Causes kidneys to excrete sodium and water

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18
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Source : parathyroid glands
Causes calcium release from bones and calcium reabsorption in kidneys to raise blood calcium level

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19
Q

Calcitonin

A

Source: thyroid gland
Causes calcium uptake by bones to lower blood calcium level

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20
Q

Antidiuretic hormone ADH

A

A hormone released from the pituitary gland that causes
water reabsorption in the kidneys, thus concentrating the
urine

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21
Q

Angiotensin

A

A substance that increases blood pressure; activated in the
blood by renin, an enzyme produced by the kidneys

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22
Q

Calyx

A

A cup-like cavity in the pelvis of the kidney; also calix
(plural: calices) (root: cali, calic

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23
Q

Dieresis

A

Increased excretion of urine

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24
Q

Diuretic

A

A substance that increases the excretion of urine;
pertaining to diuresis

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25
Q

Erythropoietin

A

A hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red
blood cell production in the bone marrow

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26
Q

Glomerular capsule

A

The cup-shaped structure at the beginning of the nephron
that surrounds the glomerulus and receives material filtered
out of the blood; Bowman (BO-man) capsule

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27
Q

Glomerular filtrate

A

The fluid and dissolved materials that filter out of the blood
and enter the nephron through the glomerular capsule

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28
Q

Glomerulus

A

The cluster of capillaries within the glomerular capsule (plural:
glomeruli)

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29
Q

Kidney

A

An organ of excretion (root: ren/o, nephr/o); the two kidneys
filter the blood and form urine, which contains metabolic
waste products and other substances as needed to regulate the
water and electrolyte balance and the pH of body fluids

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30
Q

Micturition

A

The voiding of urine , urination

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31
Q

Nephron

A

A microscopic functional unit of the kidney; working with blood
vessels, the nephron filters the blood and balances the
composition of urine

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32
Q

Renal cortex

A

The kidneys out portion; contains portions of the nephrons

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33
Q

Renal medulla

A

The kidney’s inner portion; contains portions of the
nephrons and ducts that transport urine toward the renal
pelvis

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34
Q

Renal pelvis

A

The expanded upper end of the ureter that receives urine
from the kidney; Greek root pyel/o means “basin

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35
Q

Renal pyramid

A

A triangular structure in the renal medulla; composed of
the nephrons loops and collecting ducts

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36
Q

Renin

A

An enzyme produced by the kidneys that activates
angiotensin in the blood

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37
Q

Trigone

A

A triangle at the base of the bladder formed by the
openings of the two ureters and the urethra

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38
Q

Tubular reabsorption

A

The return of substances from the glomerular filtrate to
the blood through the peritubular capillaries

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39
Q

Urea

A

The main nitrogenous (nitrogen-containing) waste product
in the urine

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40
Q

Ureter

A

The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the
bladder

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41
Q

Urethra

A

The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the
outside of the body

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42
Q

Urinary bladder

A

The organ that stores and eliminates urine excreted by
the kidneys

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43
Q

Urination

A

The voiding of urine ; micturition

44
Q

Urine

A

The fluid excreted by the kidneys. It consists of water,
electrolytes, urea, other metabolic wastes, and
pigments. A variety of other substances may appear in
urine in cases of disease

45
Q

Aldosterone

A

A hormone secreted by the adrenal gland that
regulates electrolyte excretion by the kidneys

46
Q

Clearance

A

The volume of plasma that can be cleared of a
substance by the kidneys per unit of time; renal
plasma clearance

47
Q

Glomerular filtration rate GFR

A

The amount of filtrate formed per minute by the
nephrons of both kidneys

48
Q

Maximal transport capacity Tm

A

The maximum rate at which a given substance can
be transported across the renal tubule; tubular
maximum

49
Q

Acidosis

A

Excessive acidity of body fluids

50
Q

Acute renal failure

A

Loss of kidney function resulting from damage to
the nephrons; causes may be injury, shock, toxins,
or infections, among others

51
Q

Bacteriuria

A

Presence of bacteria in the urine

52
Q

Cast

A

A solid mold of rental tubule found in the urine

53
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation of the urinary bladder, usually as a
result of infection

54
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful or difficult urination

55
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

Inflammation of the kidney primarily involving the
glomeruli. The acute form usually occurs after an
infection elsewhere in the body; the chronic form
varies in cause and usually leads to renal failure

56
Q

Hematuria

A

Presence of blood in the urine

57
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Collection of urine in the renal pelvis caused by
obstruction; causes distention and renal atrophy

58
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Deficiency of potassium in the blood

59
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Deficiency of sodium in the blood

60
Q

Hypoproteinemia

A

Decreased amount of protein in the blood; may be
caused by kidney damage resulting from protein loss

61
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Excess amount of potassium in the blood

62
Q

Hypertremia

A

Excess amount of sodium in the blood

63
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

A

Condition that results from glomerular damage
leading to loss of protein in the urine (proteinuria).
There is low plasma protein (hypoproteinemia),
edema, and increased blood lipids as the liver
releases lipoproteins. Also called nephrosis

64
Q

Oliguria

A

Elimination of small amounts of urine

65
Q

Proteinuria

A

Presence of protein mainly albumin in the urine

66
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney, usually as a
result of infection

67
Q

Pyruia

A

Presence of pus in the urine

68
Q

Renal colic

A

Radiating pain in the region of the kidney associated with
the passage of a stone

69
Q

Renal failure

A

Loss of kidney function resulting from loss or damage to
the kidney nephrons. Maybe chronic, developing over
time, or acute, as a result of sudden damage, as by injury,
shock, or toxins

70
Q

Uremia

A

Presence of toxic levels of urea and other nitrogenous
substances in the blood as a result of renal insufficienc

71
Q

Urethritis

A

Inflammation of the urethra usually due to infection

72
Q

Urinary stasis

A

Stoppage of urine flow urinary stagnation

73
Q

Catheterization

A

Introduction of a tube into a passage, such as through
the urethra into the bladder for withdrawal of urine

74
Q

Cystoscope

A

An instrument for examining the inside of the urinary
bladder. Also used for removing foreign objects, for
surgery, and for other forms of treatment

75
Q

Dialysis

A

Separation of substances by passage through a
semipermeable membrane. Dialysis is used to rid the
body of unwanted substances when the kidneys are
impaired or missing. The two forms of dialysis are
hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

76
Q

Hemodialysis

A

Removal of unwanted substances from the blood by
passage through a semipermeable membrane

77
Q

Intravenous pyelography IVP

A

See intravenous urography

78
Q

Intrabvenous urography

A

Radiographic visualization of the urinary tract after
intravenous administration of a contrast medium that is
excreted in the urine; also called excretory urography or
intravenous pyelography, although the latter is less accurate
because the procedure shows more than just the renal pelvis

79
Q

Lithotripsy

A

Crushing of a stone

80
Q

Peritoneal dialysis

A

Removal of unwanted substances from the body by
introduction of a dialyzing fluid into the peritoneal cavity
followed by removal of the fluid

81
Q

Retrograde pyelography

A

Pyelography in which the contrast medium is injected into
the kidneys from below, by way of the ureters

82
Q

Specific gravity

A

The weight of a substance compared with the weight of an
equal volume of water. The specific gravity of normal urine
ranges from 1.015 to 1.025. This value may increase or
decrease in disease

83
Q

Urinalysis

A

Laboratory study of the urine. Physical and chemical
properties and microscopic appearance are included

84
Q

Cystectomy

A

Surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder

85
Q

Ileal conduit

A

Diversion of urine by connection of the ureters to an
isolated segment of the ileum. One end of the segment
is sealed, and the other drains through an opening in the
abdominal wall. A procedure used when the bladder is
removed or nonfunctional. Also called ileal bladder

86
Q

Lithotomy

A

Incision of an organ to remove a stone calculus

87
Q

Renal transplantation

A

Surgical implantation of a donor kidney into a patient

88
Q

Anuresis

A

Lack of urination

89
Q

Anuria

A

Lack of urine formation

90
Q

Azoturia

A

Presence of an increased nitrogenous compounds,
especially urea, in the urine

91
Q

Cystocele

A

Herniation of the bladder into the vagina ;vesicocele

92
Q

Dehydration

A

Excessive loss of body fluids

93
Q

Hydro ureter

A

Dis tension of the ureter with urine caused by obstruction

94
Q

Hypospadias

A

A congenital condition in which the urethra opens on
the undersurface of the penis or into the vagina

95
Q

Polydipsia

A

Excessive thirst

96
Q

Polyuria

A

Elimination of large amounts of urine, as in diabetes
mellitus

97
Q

Retention of urine

A

Accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an
inability to urinate

98
Q

Ureterocele

A

A cyst-like dilation of the ureter near its opening into the
bladder. Usually results from a congenital narrowing of the
ureteral opening

99
Q

Urinary frequency

A

A need to urinate often without an increase in average
output

100
Q

Urinary incontinence

A

Inability to retain urine; may originate with a neurologic
disorder, trauma to the spinal cord, weakness of the pelvic
muscles, urinary retention, or impaired bladder function

101
Q

Urinary urgency

A

Sudden need to urinate

102
Q

Water intoxication

A

Excess intake or retention of water with decrease in sodium
concentration. May result from excess drinking, excess ADH, or
replacement of a large amount of body fluid with pure water.
Causes an imbalance in the cellular environment, with edema
and other disturbances

103
Q

Anion gap

A

A measure of electrolyte imbalance

104
Q

Blood urea nitrogen BUN

A

Nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea. An increase
in BUN indicates an increase in nitrogenous waste
products in the blood and renal failure

105
Q

Clean catch specimen

A

A urine sample obtained after thorough cleansing of
the urethral opening and collected in midstream to
minimize the chance of contamination

106
Q

Urinometer

A

Device for measuring the specific gravity of urine

107
Q

Indwelling foley catheter

A

A urinary tract catheter with a balloon at one
end that prevents the catheter from leaving
the bladder

Med Term Biol120 - Domincan University (13 decks)

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