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Med Term Biol120 - Domincan University > Unit 12 Quiz 11 > Flashcards

Unit 12 Quiz 11 Flashcards

1
Q

bucc/o

A

Cheek

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2
Q

Dent/o , dent/i

A

Tooth, teeth

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3
Q

Odont/o

A

Tooth , teeth

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4
Q

Gingiv/o

A

Gum(gingiva)

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5
Q

Gloss/o

A

Tongue

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6
Q

Lingu/o

A

Tongue

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7
Q

Gnath/o

A

Jaw

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8
Q

Labi/o

A

Lip

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9
Q

Or/o

A

Mouth

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10
Q

Stoma, stomat/o

A

Mouth

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11
Q

Palat/o

A

Palate

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12
Q

Sial/o

A

Saliva , salivary gland , salivary duct

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13
Q

Uvul/o

A

Uvula

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14
Q

Esophag/o

A

Esophagus

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15
Q

Gastr/o

A

Stomach

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16
Q

Pylor/o

A

Pylorus

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17
Q

Enter/o

A

Intestine

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18
Q

Duoden/o

A

Duodenum

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19
Q

Jejun/o

A

Jenjunum

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20
Q

Ile/o

A

Ileum

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21
Q

Cec/o

A

Cecum

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22
Q

Col/o , colon/o

A

Colon

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23
Q

Sigmoid/o

A

Sigmoid colon

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24
Q

React/o

A

Rectum

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25
Q

Proct/o

A

Rectum

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26
Q

An/o

A

Anus

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27
Q

Hepat/o

A

Liver

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28
Q

Bill

A

Bile

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29
Q

Chol/e , chol/o

A

Bile , gall

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30
Q

Cholecyst/o

A

Gallbladder

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31
Q

Cholangi/o

A

Bile duct

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32
Q

Choledoch/o

A

Common bile duct

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33
Q

Pancreat/o

A

Pancreas

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34
Q

Anus

A

The distal opening of the digestive tract

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35
Q

Appendix

A

An appendage; usually means the narrow tube of lymphatic
tissue attached to the cecum, the vermiform (worm-like)
appendix

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36
Q

Bile

A

The fluid secreted by the liver that emulsifies fats and aids in
their absorption

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37
Q

Cecum

A

A blind pouch at the beginning of the large intestine

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38
Q

Colon

A

The major portion of the large intestine; extends from the
cecum to the rectum and is formed by ascending, transverse,
and descending portions

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39
Q

Common bile duct

A

The duct that carries bile into the duodenum; formed by the
union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct

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40
Q

Duodenum

A

The first portion of the small intestine

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41
Q

Enzyme

A

An organic catalyst speeds the rate of chemical reactions

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42
Q

Esophagus

A

The muscular tube that carries food from the pharynx to
the stomach

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43
Q

Feces

A

The waste material eliminated from the intestine stool

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44
Q

Gallbladder a sac on the undersurface of the liver that stores bile

A
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45
Q

Hepatic portal system

A

A special pathway of the circulation that brings blood
directly from the abdominal organs to the liver for
processing (also called simply the portal system). The
vessel that enters the liver is the hepatic portal vein

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46
Q

Ileum

A

The terminal portion of the small intestine

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47
Q

Intestine

A

The portion of the digestive tract between the stomach
and the anus. It consists of the small intestine and large
intestine. It functions in digestion, absorption, and
elimination of waste

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48
Q

Jejunum

A

The middle portion of the small intestine

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49
Q

Lacteal

A

A lymphatic capillary in a villus of the small intestine.
Lacteals absorb digested fats into the lymph

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50
Q

Large intestine

A

The terminal portion of the digestive tract, consisting of
the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus. It stores and
eliminates undigested waste material (feces

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51
Q

Liver

A

The large gland in the upper right part of the abdomen.
In addition to many other functions, it secretes bile
needed for digestion and absorption of fats

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52
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter LES

A

Muscle tissue at the distal end of the esophagus
(gastroesophageal junction) that prevents stomach
contents from refluxing into the esophagus. Also called
the cardiac sphincter

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53
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

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54
Q

Mouth

A

The oral cavity; contains the tongue and teeth. Used to
take in and chew food, mix it with saliva, and move it
toward the throat to be swallowed

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55
Q

Palate

A

The roof of the mouth; the partition between the mouth and
nasal cavity; consists of an anterior portion formed by bone,
the hard palate, and a posterior portion formed of tissue, the
soft palate

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56
Q

Pancreas

A

A large, elongated gland behind the stomach. It produces
hormones that regulate sugar metabolism and also produces
digestive enzymes

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57
Q

Peristalsis

A

Wave-like contractions of an organ’s walls; moves material
through an organ or duct

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58
Q

Peritoneum

A

The serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and
supports the abdominal organs

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59
Q

Pharynx

A

The throat; a common passageway for food entering the
esophagus and air entering the larynx

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60
Q

Pylorus

A

The stomach’s distal opening into the duodenum. The opening
is controlled by a ring of muscle, the pyloric sphincter

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61
Q

Rectum

A

The distal portion of the large intestine. It stores and
eliminates undigested waste

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62
Q

Saliva

A

The clear secretion released into the mouth that moistens food
and contains a starch-digesting enzyme (root: sial/o). Saliva is
produced by three pairs of glands: the parotid, submandibular,
and sublingual glands

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63
Q

Sigmoid colon

A

Distal S-shaped portion of the large intestine located between
the descending colon and the rectum

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64
Q

Small intestine

A

The portion of the intestine between the stomach and the large
intestine; comprised of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
Accessory organs secrete into the small intestine, and almost all
digestion and absorption occur there

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65
Q

Stomach

A

A muscular sac-like organ below the diaphragm that stores food
and secretes juices that digest proteins

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66
Q

Uvula

A

The fleshy mass that hangs from the soft palate; aids in speech
production

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67
Q

Villi

A

Tiny projections in the lining of the small intestine that absorb
digested foods into the circulation

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68
Q

Bolus

A

A mass, such as the rounded mass of food that is
swallowed

69
Q

Cardia

A

The part of the stomach near the esophagus, named
for its closeness to the heart

70
Q

Chyme

A

The semiliquid partially digested food that moves from
the stomach into the small intestine

71
Q

Defecation

A

The evacuation of feces from the rectum

72
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

73
Q

Duodenal bulb

A

The part of the duodenum near the pylorus the first bend of the duodenum

74
Q

Duodenal papilla

A

The raised area where the common bile duct and
pancreatic duct enter the duodenum; papilla of Vater

75
Q

Greater omentum

A

A fold of the peritoneum that extends from the
stomach over the abdominal organs

76
Q

Hepatic flexure

A

The right bend of the colon, forming the junction
between the ascending colon and the transverse colon

77
Q

Ileocecal valve

A

A valve-like structure between the ileum of the small
intestine and the cecum of the large intestine

78
Q

Mesentery

A

The portion of the peritoneum that folds over and
supports the intestine

79
Q

Mesocolon

A

The portion of the peritoneum that folds over and
supports the colon

80
Q

Papilla of vaster

A

See duodenal papilla

81
Q

Rugae

A

The large folds in the lining of the stomach seen when
the stomach is empty

82
Q

Sphincter of oddi

A

The ring of muscle at the opening of the common bile
duct into the duodenum

83
Q

Splenic flexure

A

The left bend of the colon, forming the junction
between the transverse colon and the descending
colon

84
Q

Appendicitis

A

Inflammation of the appendix

85
Q

Ascites

A

Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity; a form of
edema. May be caused by heart disease, lymphatic or
venous obstruction, cirrhosis, or changes in plasma
composition

86
Q

Barrett syndrome

A

Lower esophageal ulcer resulting from chronic esophagitis,
often with constriction caused by mucosal changes; may be
premalignant. Also called Barrett esophagus

87
Q

Biliary colic

A

Acute abdominal pain caused by gallstones in the bile ducts

88
Q

Bilirubin

A

A pigment released in the breakdown of hemoglobin from
red blood cells; mainly excreted by the liver in bile

89
Q

Caries

A

Tooth decay

90
Q

Celiac disease

A

Inability to absorb foods containing gluten, a protein found
in wheat and some other grains; caused by an excess
immune response to gluten

91
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder

92
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

The condition of having stones in the gallbladder; also
used to refer to stones in the common bile duct

93
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Chronic liver disease with degeneration of liver tissue

94
Q

Crohn disease

A

A chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal
tract usually involving the ileum and colon

95
Q

Diarrhea

A

The frequent passage of watery vowel movements

96
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of diverticula (small pouches) in the wall
of the digestive tract, especially in the colon

97
Q

Diverticulosis

A

The presence of diverticula , especially in the colon

98
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty in swallowing

99
Q

Emesis

A

Vomiting

100
Q

Fistula

A

An abnormal passageway between two organs or from
an organ to the body surface, such as between the
rectum and anus (anorectal fistula)

101
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach and intestine

102
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD

A

Condition caused by reflux of gastric juices into the
esophagus resulting in heartburn, regurgitation,
inflammation, and possible damage to the
esophagus; caused by weakness of the lower
esophageal sphincter (LES

103
Q

Heartburn

A

A warm or burning sensation felt behind the
sternum and radiating upward. Commonly
associated with gastroesophageal reflux. Medical
name is pyrosis

104
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Varicose veins in the rectum associated with pain,
bleeding, and sometimes prolapse of the rectum

105
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver; commonly caused by a
viral infection

106
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

Enlargement of the liver

107
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

A protrusion of the stomach through the opening (hiatus)
in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes

108
Q

Icterus

A

Jaundice

109
Q

Ileus

A

Intestinal obstruction. May be caused by lack of peristalsis
(adynamic, paralytic ileus) or by contraction (dynamic
ileus). Intestinal matter and gas may be relieved by
insertion of a drainage tube

110
Q

Intussusception

A

Slipping of one part of the intestine into another part
below it. Occurs mainly in male infants in the ileocecal
region). May be fatal if untreated for more than one day

111
Q

Jaundice

A

A yellowish color of the skin, mucous membranes, and
whites of the eye caused by bile pigments in the blood
(from French jaune meaning “yellow”). The main pigment
is bilirubin, a byproduct of erythrocyte destruction

112
Q

Leukoplakia

A

White patches on mucous membranes, as on the tongue or
cheeks, often resulting from smoking or other irritants;
may be precancerous

113
Q

Nausea

A

An unpleasant sensation in the upper abdomen that often
precedes vomiting. Typically occurs in digestive upset,
motion sickness, and sometimes early pregnancy

114
Q

Occult blood

A

Blood present in such small amounts that it can be
detected only microscopically or chemically; in the feces,
a sign of intestinal bleeding

115
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

116
Q

Peptic ulcer

A

A lesion in the mucous membrane of the esophagus,
stomach, or duodenum caused by the action of gastric
juice

117
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane that lines
the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs.
May result from perforation of an ulcer, rupture of the
appendix, or infection of the reproductive tract, among
other causes.

118
Q

Polyp

A

A tumor that grows on a stalk and bleeds easily

119
Q

Portal hypertension

A

An abnormal pressure increase in the hepatic portal
system. May be caused by cirrhosis, infection,
thrombosis, or tumors

120
Q

Pyloric stenosis

A

Narrowing of the opening between the stomach and the
duodenum; pylorostenosis

121
Q

Regurgitation

A

A backward flowing, such as the backflow of undigested
food

122
Q

Splenomegaly

A

Enlargement of the spleen

123
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Chronic ulceration of the rectum and colon; the cause is
unknown, but may involve autoimmunity

124
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisting of the intestine resulting in obstruction. Usually
involves the sigmoid colon and occurs most often in
children and in the elderly. May be caused by congenital
malformation, a foreign body, or adhesion. Failure to
treat immediately may result in death

125
Q

Anastomosis

A

A passage or communication between two vessels or
organs. May be normal or pathologic, or may be created
surgically

126
Q

Barium study

A

Use of barium sulfate as a liquid contrast medium for
fluoroscopic or radiographic study of the digestive tract.
Can show obstruction, tumors, ulcers, hiatal hernia, and
motility disorders, among other things

127
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

Surgical removal of the gallbladder

128
Q

Dukes classification

A

A system for staging colorectal cancer based on degree of
penetration of the bowel wall and lymph node
involvement; severity is graded from A to C

129
Q

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancre autographs ERCP

A

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; a
technique for viewing the pancreatic and bile ducts and
for performing certain techniques to relieve obstructions.
Contrast medium is injected into the biliary system from
the duodenum and radiographs are taken

130
Q

Endoscopy

A

Use of a fiberoptic endoscope for direct visual
examination. GI studies include
esophagogastroduodenoscopy, proctosigmoidoscopy
(rectum and distal colon), and colonoscopy (all regions of
the colon)

131
Q

Ostomy

A

An opening into the body; generally refers to an opening
created for elimination of body waste. Also refers to the
operation done to create such an opening

132
Q

Stoma

A

A surgically created opening to the body surface or
between two organs

133
Q

Achalasia

A

Failure of a smooth muscle to relax, especially the lower
esophageal sphincter, so that food is retained in the
esophagus

134
Q

Anorexia

A

Loss of appetite. Anorexia nervosa is a psychologically
induced refusal or inability to eat (adjectives: anorectic,
anorexic

135
Q

Aphagia

A

Refusal or inability to eat; inability to swallow or
difficulty in swallowing

136
Q

Bruxism

A

Clenching and grinding of the teeth, usually during sleep

137
Q

Bulimia

A

Excessive, insatiable appetite. A disorder characterized
by overeating followed by induced vomiting, diarrhea, or
fasting

138
Q

Cachexia

A

Profound ill health, malnutrition, and wasting

139
Q

Constipation

A

Infrequency or difficulty in defecation and the
passage of hard, dry feces

140
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Poor or painful digestion

141
Q

Education

A

Belching

142
Q

Familial adenomatous polyposis FAP

A

A heredity condition in which multiple polyps form
in the colon and rectum, predisposing to colorectal
cancer

143
Q

Flatulence

A

Condition of having gas or air in the GI tract

144
Q

Flatus

A

Gas or air in the gastrointestinal tract; gas or air
expelled through the anus

145
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting of blood

146
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome IBS

A

A chronic stress-related disease characterized by
diarrhea, constipation, and pain associated with
rhythmic contractions of the intestine. Mucous colitis;
spastic colon

147
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

A form of anemia caused by the stomach’s failure to
secrete intrinsic factor, a substance needed for the
absorption of vitamin B12

148
Q

Thrush

A

Fungal infection of the mouth and/or throat caused
by Candida; appears as mucosal white patches or
ulcers

149
Q

Appendectomy

A

Surgical removal of the appendix

150
Q

Bariatrics

A

The branch of medicine concerned with prevention
and control of obesity and associated diseases

151
Q

Bariatric surgery

A

Surgery to reduce the size of the stomach and
reduce nutrient absorption in the treatment of
morbid obesity

152
Q

Gavage

A

Process of feeding through a nasogastric tube into the
stomach

153
Q

Lavage

A

Washing out of a cavity irrigation

154
Q

Manometry

A

Measurement of pressure; pertaining to the GI tract,
measurement of pressure in the portal system as a sign
of obstruction

155
Q

Nasogastric tube NG

A

Tube that is passed through the nose into the
stomach. May be used for emptying the stomach,
administering medication, giving liquids, or
sampling stomach contents.

156
Q

Parenteral hyperlimentation

A

Complete intravenous feeding for one who cannot
take in food. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

157
Q

Percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy tube PEG

A

Tube inserted into the stomach for long-term
feeding

158
Q

Antacid

A

Agent that counteracts acidity usually gastric acidity

159
Q

Antidiarrheal

A

Treats or prevents diarrhea by reducing intestinal
motility or absorbing irritants and soothing the
intestinal lining

160
Q

Antiemetic

A

Agent that relieves or prevents nausea and vomiting

161
Q

Antiflatulent

A

Agent that prevents or relieves flatulence

162
Q

Antispasmodic

A

Agent hat relives spasm , usually of smooth muscle

163
Q

Emetic

A

An agent that causes vomiting

164
Q

Histamine H2 antagonist

A

Drug that decreases secretion of stomach acid by
interfering with the action of histamine at H2 receptors.
Used to treat ulcers and other gastrointestinal
problems. H 2 -receptor-blocking agent

165
Q

Laxative

A

Promotes elimination from the large intestine. Types
include stimulants, substances that retain water
(hyperosmotics), stool softeners, and bulk-forming
agents

166
Q

Proton-pump inhibitor PPI

A

Agent that inhibits secretion of stomach acid by
blocking the transport of hydrogen ions (protons) into
the stomach

167
Q

BE

A

Barium enema

168
Q

BM

A

Bowel movement

Med Term Biol120 - Domincan University (13 decks)

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