unit 9 part 1

Question 1

nomenclature of the influenza virus

Answer 1

influenza a: type/animal?/origin/strain#/yr

influenza b: only has two lineages victoria + yamagata

Question 2

role of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase

Answer 2

hemaglutinin aids in binding to host cell and neuraminidase helps the release of viruses

Question 3

genetic complement of influenza viruses

Answer 3

8 segments of enveloped single stranded RNA viruses –> when segments undergo genetic reassortment create other strains

Question 4

antigenic shift

Answer 4

associated with pandemic (major outbreak due to mega flu)
–>abrupt/major antigenic change caused by genetic reassortment of segments where two strains infect to create novel strain

Question 5

antigenic drift

Answer 5

associated with epidemics (small outbreaks due to different strains)
–> small antigenic structural changes caused by point mutations which cause prevent immunity

Question 6

clinical manifestations and complications of the influenza virus

Answer 6

symptoms include fever chills, headache, malaise, and myalgia

complications include secondary bacteria pneumonia (opportunistic) and Guillain Barre syndrome

Question 7

infectious agents linked to guillain barre syndrome

Answer 7

influenza

Question 8

pathogenesis of GBS

Answer 8

inflammation of peripheral nerves caused by an attack on nerves by immune response instead of virus

Question 9

significance of avian and swine influenza to human health

Answer 9

influenza strains that infect other mammals can spread to humans through inhalation of bird saliva

Question 10

common causes of post influenza bacterial pneumonia

Answer 10

causes of secondary bacterial pneumonia are S. aureus, H influenzae, and S. pneumoniae (opportunistic organisms)

Question 11

clinical manifestations of measles

Answer 11

extremely high fever (104-105), the three C (cough, conjuntivitis and coryza), kopliks spots, and red rash