antibodies/antigens

Question 1

factors influencing antigenicity

Answer 1

foreignness (how different are they from host proteins)
size/degradability (ability to be processed and stable in vivo)
complexity (the more antigenic sites, the more effective)

Question 2

immunogen vs antigen

Answer 2

when an antigen bind with antibody and produces an immune response it is considered immunogen (does not always produce immune response)

Question 3

Physical nature of immunogen vs antigen

Answer 3

immunogens typically have more antigen binding sites than antigen

Question 4

antibody cross reactivity in terms of epitopes

Question 5

5 classes of immunoglobulins and where found

Answer 5

IgG: blood
IgM: surface of B cell
IgA: secretions
IgE: mast cells, basophils
IgD: B cell receptor

Question 6

IgG arrangement

Answer 6

4 heavy chain domains

Question 7

IgE arrangement

Answer 7

5 heavy chain domains

Question 8

IgD arrangement

Answer 8

4 heavy chain domains

Question 9

IgM arrangement

Answer 9

pentameric with 5 domains and J chain

Question 10

IgA arrangement

Answer 10

dimeric with 4 domains and J chain and Secretory component

Question 11

role of Fab

Answer 11

where antigen binds, determines amino acid sequence (variable region)

Question 12

role of constant region

Answer 12

determines isotype (type of antigen) and allotype

Question 13

major serum antibody

Answer 13

IgG

Question 14

complement activation

Answer 14

IgM (better) and IgG

Question 15

primary immune response antibody

Answer 15

IgM

Question 16

major antibody found in body fluids other than blood

Answer 16

IgA

Question 17

antibody that crosses placenta

Answer 17

IgG

Question 18

membrane bound to immature B cells

Answer 18

IgM IgD

Question 19

allergy mediator

Answer 19

IgE

Question 20

role of IgA in protecting mucus membrane

Answer 20

secretory component in dimeric IgA tethers it to mucus and prevents it from being degraded

Question 21

function of J chain

Answer 21

joins monomers

Question 22

function of secretory component

Answer 22

protects from degradation

Question 23

role of hypervariable region

Answer 23

forms antigen binding site

Question 24

different bonds

Answer 24

hydrogen: share hydrogen atom
electrostatic: repel/attract along center
van der waals: dipole-dipole
hydrophobic: clumping of nonpolar molecules in water

Question 25

avidity

Answer 25

total strength of all bonds between an anitbody and antigen

Question 26

affinity

Answer 26

strength of a single antigen-antibody interaction

Question 27

specificity

Answer 27

different antigenic specificites have different amino acid sequences and vice versa

Question 28

monoclonal antibody process

Answer 28

1. expose B cell to antigen in mouse
2. B cells with produce antibodies
3. extract B cells and fuse with myeloma to form hybridoma cells
4. only fused cells will be takes
5. harvested and injected

Question 29

why are monoclonal cells useful in diagnostic testing

Answer 29

highly specific and only binds to targeted cell

Question 30

uses of monoclonal antibodies in healthcare

Answer 30

mAb theraby