unit 4 immunoproliferative, transplantation, tumor immunology

Question 1

leukemia

Answer 1

cancer cells proliferate in bone marrow and circulate in bloodstream
–> t and myeloid cells

Question 2

lymphoma

Answer 2

cancer cells proliferate in 2nd lymphoid tissue and form solid tumor
–> t and b cells

Question 3

hypergammaglobulinemia

Answer 3

overproduction of antibodies

Question 4

monoclonal

Answer 4

antibodies secreted by single B cell lineages

Question 5

polyclonal

Answer 5

antibodies secreted by different B cell lineages

Question 6

pathogenesis/symptoms of multiple myeloma

Answer 6

plasma cells continue to divide and produce abnormal antibodies
symptoms: bone lesions, anemia, and reduced kidney function

Question 7

origin and clinical significance of Bence jones protein

Answer 7

secreted free light chains which are secreted in blood and urine to suggest multiple myeloma

Question 8

cause and symptoms of walderstrom macroglobulinemia

Answer 8

B cells become cancerous while maturing which causes excessive production of IgM
symptoms: hyperviscosity syndrome

Question 9

4 categories of tissue grafts

Answer 9

xenograft (animal –> human)
allograft (individual –> another)
isograft (twin–>twin)
autograft (one site to another site)

Question 10

rank 4 categories in likelihood to be rejected

Answer 10

xenograft, allograft, isograft, autograft

Question 11

mechanisms of graft rejection

Answer 11

acute: lymphocytes recognize graft antigens as foreign which leads to cell killing

Question 12

HLA testing in regard to transplantation

Answer 12

tissue compatibility by matching blood group and MHCI and MHCII

Question 13

graft vs host disease

Answer 13

donor lymphocytes recognize host as foreign
–> bone marrow and stem cell transplants

Question 14

immune surveillance theory and immunoediting

Answer 14

theory: immune system is constantly surveying for tumors to kill
immunoediting: tumors evolve to evade immune systems ability to destroy them
–> elimination
–> equilibrium
–> escape

Question 15

pathogenesis of mastocytosis

Answer 15

mutation in CD117 leads to continuous signaling which causes mast cells to proliferate

Question 16

effect of expression of CD47 on tumor cells

Answer 16

overexpressed “dont eat me” signal
–> tells cell not to kill tumors