Unit 9

Question 1

An adaptation of multiple-stimulus and paired-stimulus presentations that is used to reduce the time needed to determine a stimulus preference.

Answer 1

Brief stimulus assessment

Question 2

Refers to dependent and/or temporal relations between operant behavior and its controlling variables.

Answer 2

Contingency

Question 3

The state of an organism with respect to how much time has elapsed since it has consumed or contacted a particular type of reinforcer.

Answer 3

Deprivation

Question 4

A stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforced and in the absence of which the same type of responses have occurred and not been reinforced.

Answer 4

Discriminative stimulus

Question 5

The conglomerate of real circumstances in which the organism or referred part of an organism exists.

Answer 5

Environment

Question 6

The process by which, when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer followed by the reinforcing consequences, the frequency of the behavior decreases in the future.

Answer 6

Extinction

Question 7

Any operant behavior that results in minimal displacement of the participant in time and space.

Answer 7

Free operant

Question 8

Any place or stimulus situation that differs in some meaningful way from the instructional setting and in which performance of the target behavior is desired.

Answer 8

Generalization setting

Question 9

A decrease in responsiveness to repeated presentations of a stimulus.

Answer 9

Habituation

Question 10

A contingency that makes it difficult for the learner to discriminate whether the next response will produce reinforcement.

Answer 10

Indiscriminable contingency

Question 11

The environment where instruction occurs; includes all aspects of the environment, planned and unplanned, that may influence the learner’s acquisition and generalization of the target behavior.

Answer 11

Instructional setting

Question 12

A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is contingent on a response being different in some specified way (such as different topography) from the previous response (such as Lag 1) or a specified number of previous responses.

Answer 12

Lag reinforcement schedule

Question 13

Instruction that provides the learner with practice with a variety of stimulus conditions, response variations, and response topographies to ensure the acquisition of desired stimulus controls and response forms.

Answer 13

Multiple exemplar training

Question 14

An extension of the paired-stimulus procedure, in which the person chooses a preferred stimulus from an array of three or more stimuli.

Answer 14

Multiple stimulus assessment

Question 15

A type of preference assessment in which the chosen item remains in the array and the items that were not selected are replaced with new items.

Answer 15

Multiple stimulus assessment with replacement

Question 16

A type of preference assessment in which the chosen item is removed from the array, the order or placement of the remaining items is rearranged, and the next trial begins with a reduced number of items in the array.

Answer 16

Multiple stimulus assessment without replacement

Question 17

An assessment in which two potential reinforcers are presented to an individual, and the researcher records which stimulus the individual approaches.

Answer 17

Paired stimulus assessment

Question 18

A process of identifying reinforcers for an individual that involves presenting potential reinforcers and measuring whether the individual approaches, manipulates, or consumes the item.

Answer 18

Preference assessment

Question 19

All of the behaviors that a person can do, or a set of behaviors relevant to a particular setting or task.

Answer 19

Repertoire

Question 20

A group of responses of varying typography, all of which produce the same effect on the environment.

Answer 20

Response class

Question 21

An assessment in which each potential reinforcer is presented one at a time to see whether the individual approaches the stimulus or not.

Answer 21

Single stimulus assessment

Question 22

A variety of procedures used to determine the stimuli that a person prefers, the relative preference values (high versus low) of those stimuli, the conditions under which those preference values remain in effect, and their presumed value as reinforcers.

Answer 22

Stimulus preference assessment

Question 23

A procedure in which two stimuli are presented at the same time, usually repeatedly for a number of trials, which often results in one stimulus acquiring the function of the other stimulus.

Answer 23

Stimulus-stimulus pairing

Question 24

A stimulus change that increases the frequency of any behavior that immediately precedes it, irrespective of the organism’s learning history with the stimulus.

Answer 24

Unconditioned reinforcer