Unit 9 Flashcards
An adaptation of multiple-stimulus and paired-stimulus presentations that is used to reduce the time needed to determine a stimulus preference.
Brief stimulus assessment
Refers to dependent and/or temporal relations between operant behavior and its controlling variables.
Contingency
The state of an organism with respect to how much time has elapsed since it has consumed or contacted a particular type of reinforcer.
Deprivation
A stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforced and in the absence of which the same type of responses have occurred and not been reinforced.
Discriminative stimulus
The conglomerate of real circumstances in which the organism or referred part of an organism exists.
Environment
The process by which, when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer followed by the reinforcing consequences, the frequency of the behavior decreases in the future.
Extinction
Any operant behavior that results in minimal displacement of the participant in time and space.
Free operant
Any place or stimulus situation that differs in some meaningful way from the instructional setting and in which performance of the target behavior is desired.
Generalization setting
A decrease in responsiveness to repeated presentations of a stimulus.
Habituation
A contingency that makes it difficult for the learner to discriminate whether the next response will produce reinforcement.
Indiscriminable contingency
The environment where instruction occurs; includes all aspects of the environment, planned and unplanned, that may influence the learner’s acquisition and generalization of the target behavior.
Instructional setting
A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is contingent on a response being different in some specified way (such as different topography) from the previous response (such as Lag 1) or a specified number of previous responses.
Lag reinforcement schedule
Instruction that provides the learner with practice with a variety of stimulus conditions, response variations, and response topographies to ensure the acquisition of desired stimulus controls and response forms.
Multiple exemplar training
An extension of the paired-stimulus procedure, in which the person chooses a preferred stimulus from an array of three or more stimuli.
Multiple stimulus assessment
A type of preference assessment in which the chosen item remains in the array and the items that were not selected are replaced with new items.
Multiple stimulus assessment with replacement
A type of preference assessment in which the chosen item is removed from the array, the order or placement of the remaining items is rearranged, and the next trial begins with a reduced number of items in the array.
Multiple stimulus assessment without replacement
An assessment in which two potential reinforcers are presented to an individual, and the researcher records which stimulus the individual approaches.
Paired stimulus assessment
A process of identifying reinforcers for an individual that involves presenting potential reinforcers and measuring whether the individual approaches, manipulates, or consumes the item.
Preference assessment
All of the behaviors that a person can do, or a set of behaviors relevant to a particular setting or task.
Repertoire
A group of responses of varying typography, all of which produce the same effect on the environment.
Response class
An assessment in which each potential reinforcer is presented one at a time to see whether the individual approaches the stimulus or not.
Single stimulus assessment
A variety of procedures used to determine the stimuli that a person prefers, the relative preference values (high versus low) of those stimuli, the conditions under which those preference values remain in effect, and their presumed value as reinforcers.
Stimulus preference assessment
A procedure in which two stimuli are presented at the same time, usually repeatedly for a number of trials, which often results in one stimulus acquiring the function of the other stimulus.
Stimulus-stimulus pairing
A stimulus change that increases the frequency of any behavior that immediately precedes it, irrespective of the organism’s learning history with the stimulus.
Unconditioned reinforcer
