Unit 9 "Development Psychology" Flashcards
What is development Psychology?
A study of growing & changing we do from zygote to death.
Difference between embryo, fetus, and Zygote?
Embryo: first 8 weeks
Zygote: fertilized egg
fetus: 9 weeks until birth
What’s the poison that harms the development or the baby in general when taken by the mom?
show examples
Teratogens
Alcohol, drugs
____ is when a child is physically and mentally damaged due to exposure of alcohol while in the womb
Fetal Alcohol syndrome
____ corrolated when baby dies due to being faced down
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
What do you call it when baby’s genital is not clear whether it (male or female)
intersex
____ the physical development, growing into the genetical body
maturation
____ the mood, activity level, alertness. Basically the different personalities and physical attributions of each person
Temperament
A specific time to learn develop a certain behavior or skill
Critical period
What are the 2 kinds of study In Development Psych?
Describe each
Cross-sectional Study and Longitudinal study
Cross-sectional: taking different groups and studying them at the same time
Longitudinal: Taking the same groups (same characteristics) and studying them for a long time
Explain Habituation.
It’s the decrease of respond/interest when the stimuli is being repeated simultaneously
Explain Dishabituation
When u see something new you tend to stare at it longer/ become more curious/ fascinated about it
An object that researcher’s used to observing a baby’s perspective of height and correlating to danger
Visual cliff
Explain “Stage theory”
The steps we need to take have to be in order. Skill learned in order
_____ tells us that each person develops differently by paces or order.
Continous development model
What are the “3 stage theories” and who made it?
and what’s another 1 development theory?
Jean Piagnet: cognitive development
Erik Eriksons: Psychosocial development
Lawrence Kohlberg: Moral development
Lev Vygotsky: Socioculture Theory
What are the stages in “Cognitive development”
And explain each like what troubles during that stage
(in order)
Sensorimotor Stage: (0-2) learns to explore their environment and having trouble object permanence
Preoperational Stage: (2-7) having trouble w/
conservation, empathy, theory of mind, and egocentrism
Operational Stage: Kids start to become more logical & understand conservation. But have trouble w/ abstract ideas
Formal Operational Stage: symbolic thoughts and starts to be hypothetical
Describe Assimilation and Accommodation?
Ass: Taking new info & putting it into an existing schema which was a totally different concept
Acc: Making a new schema for new info w/ different concept
___ is when we recognize that objects continue to exist even though they’re not visible.
Object Permanence
____ is an awareness that physical quantities remain constant in spite of changes in their shape? appearance
Conservation
____limited abilities to share another person’s view point
Egocentrism
____ the ability to infer other’s mental states
theory of mind
What did the socioculture theory believe on?
That we learn to from others and talking to yourself gives a huge benefit in learning more
____ is a framework to help kids learn by supporting them into higher levels of thinking
Scaffolding
_______ the best place to instruct kids is between what they can do “by themselves” and what they can do w/ the “help of advanced people”
Zone proximal development (ZPD)
How many stages are there in Psychosocial Development & what are they?
State all of them in order
8
1: Trust v. Mistrust
2: Autonomy v. Shame& doubt
3: Initiative v. guilt
4: Industry v. Inferiority
5: Identity v. Role Confusion
6: Intimacy v. Isolation
7: Generativity v. Stagnation
8: Integrity v. Despair
what the stages of “Moral Development” and explain them w/ definitions
Pre- Conventional: behavior based on doing good for reinforcements and avoiding punishments
Conventional: behavior is based on “being normal” just following the norms for social approval.
Post- Conventional: doesn’t follow the rules when they know they’re right & the rules are harming/unfair to others
What are the 4 types of Parenting Styles? Explain each (little summary)
Authoritarian: Very strict & control towards their children using threats which affects their social behaviors
Permissive: Allows kids to do whatever they want NOT STRICT
Negligence: Doesn’t care about the child AT ALL
Authoritative: Balance of Strict and letting the children express their feelings
Explain “Sex v. Gender”
Sex: Biological
Gender: Social
Explain “Social Learning Theory”
We learn from watching/imitating others & through Punishments and Reinforcements
“Gender role” vs “ Gender identity”
gr: SOCIETY expected behavior/ attitude for male/female
gi: OUR sense of being a male or female
Adolescence vs. Puberty
A: transition period from childhood to adulthood
P: the period of sexual maturation
Spermarche vs. Menarche definition
S: first ejaculation
M: first menstruation
Identity vs. Social Identity
I: a sense of self
SI: self concept in different groups
____ is an emotional bond between 2 people who seek closeness and security
Attachment
A child experiences _____ when separated from its primary caregiver or in an unfamiliar environment
Separation Anxiety
____ is when certain animals form a strong attachment during early life (ex. geese)
ANd who created it?
Imprinting
Konrad Lorenz
____ a study of how much/ quality of attachment
and who created it?
Strange situation
Mary Ainsworth
Explain “Secure Attachment” vs “Insecure Attachment” provide examples
SA: strong attachment between child & caregiver. When left in an unfamiliar place by CG child will cry at first but can easily find comfort afterward
IA: weak attachment between child & caregiver.
When left in an unfamiliar place by CG child will keep crying or not even notice
