Unit 3 Biology of the Brain Flashcards
Predisposition
In born tendency to do/feel
What’s the Nervous System and Whats the 2 parts?
The way the body communicates. Central NS (brain& spinal cord) Peripheral NS (outside brain)
What are the 2 parts of Peripheral NS?
- Automatic = involuntary process (autonomic arousal)
- Somatic= voluntary process
What are the cells in the brain that communicate?
Neural Impulses–Neurons /Inter neurons
What are 2 kinds of Neurons?
- Sensory Neurons= Afferent) the incoming signals (have translators)
- Motor Neurons=Efferent) The outgoing signals due to afferent signal
Gilia?
Cleans and Nourishes the Neurons
What are the parts of the Neurons?
Dendrites(long arms), Cell Body (nucleus), axons (long tail)
Where do neural impulses run a long way & what protects it?
The axon and the myelin sheet protect it.
What’s an “action potential”?
The chemical charge created by the neural impulses moving in the axons.
What’s a “Post Synaptic Potential”? And what are the 2 Types?
When a neural impulse jumps from one neuron to the next. Exhibitory & Inhibitory
What’s a “refractory period”?
rest time needed in order for another neural impulse fired.
What’s the “All or non-law Effect”?
A neuron is going to either fire in action potential or it’s not
What’s the sending & receiving neuron?
Send= Pre synaptic neuron Receive= post-synaptic neuron
What’s a “Synapse”?
The gap between the 2 Neurons/ where they meet
What’s a “Synaptic Cleft/gap”?
the tiny area between the neurons, where the neurotransmitters are going to be dumped.
What’s a “Neurotransmitter”?
the chemicals (messages) inside the neural impulses
Exhibitory vs. Inhibitory
- Exhibitory= wants the next neuron to fire
- Inhibitory= don’t want the next neuron to fire.
What’s a “terminal button”?
The end of an axon
What’s “Reuptake”?
Process in which neurotransmitters are sucked back into the presynaptic neuron to be used again later on.
Serotonin
Mood Neurotransmitter (sleep, happy, depression)
Serotonin
Mood Neurotransmitter (sleep, happiness, depression)
Dopamine
Too much Dopamine?
Too little dopamine?
Pleasure Neurotransmitter (movement, motivation)
Schizophrenia
Parkinson’s disease
Acetylcholine
Learning Neurotransmitter (muscle action)
Norepinephrine
Concentration Neurotransmitter (controls alertness/arousal)
GABA
Calming neurotransmitter (temporary happiness, controlling anxiety)
Adrenaline/epinephrine
Fight/Flight Neurotransmitter (stress/ exiting situation)
Endorphins
Euphoria Neurotransmitter (natural feel-good, running, exercises)
What are 2 types of drugs for neurotransmitters?
Agonist & Antagonist
What’s an “Agonist”?
The drug that MIMICS a neurotransmitter
What’s an “Antagonist”?
The drug that BLOCKS the neurotransmitter.
What are the 2 types of Autonomic NS?
Sympathetic NS and Parasympathetic NS
What’s a “Sympathetic NS”?
The fight/flight (adrenaline/epinephrine)
What’s a “Parasympathetic NS”?
The calming of the NS
What’s a “Reflex Arc”? Where does it go?
Messages that don’t reach the brain, rather go to the Spinal cord (muscles)
What’s the “Endocrine System”?
Secretes hormones onto the bloodstream (hormones–>sexual thoughts)
What’s “Hormones”?
chemical messengers that influences (food, sex, aggression)
What’s “Adrenal Glands”?
the endocrine gland that secretes hormones (produces sex hormones and cortisol)
What’s “Hypothalamus”?
controls the endocrine system, autonomic NS, and Eating
What’s a “Pituitary Gland”?
controls the hormones (growth, metabolism)
What’s “Primary Sex Characteristics”?
controls the reproduction (menstrual, ejaculation)
What’s “Secondary Sex Characteristics”?
changes in the body that happens during puberty (breast size, hairs)
