Unit 3 Biology of the Brain

Question 1

Predisposition

Answer 1

In born tendency to do/feel

Question 2

What’s the Nervous System and Whats the 2 parts?

Answer 2

The way the body communicates. 
Central NS (brain& spinal cord)
Peripheral NS (outside brain)

Question 3

What are the 2 parts of Peripheral NS?

Answer 3

• Automatic = involuntary process (autonomic arousal)

- Somatic= voluntary process

Question 4

What are the cells in the brain that communicate?

Answer 4

Neural Impulses–Neurons /Inter neurons

Question 5

What are 2 kinds of Neurons?

Answer 5

• Sensory Neurons= Afferent) the incoming signals (have translators)
• Motor Neurons=Efferent) The outgoing signals due to afferent signal

Question 6

Gilia?

Answer 6

Cleans and Nourishes the Neurons

Question 7

What are the parts of the Neurons?

Answer 7

Dendrites(long arms), Cell Body (nucleus), axons (long tail)

Question 8

Where do neural impulses run a long way & what protects it?

Answer 8

The axon and the myelin sheet protect it.

Question 9

What’s an “action potential”?

Answer 9

The chemical charge created by the neural impulses moving in the axons.

Question 10

What’s a “Post Synaptic Potential”? And what are the 2 Types?

Answer 10

When a neural impulse jumps from one neuron to the next. Exhibitory & Inhibitory

Question 11

What’s a “refractory period”?

Answer 11

rest time needed in order for another neural impulse fired.

Question 12

What’s the “All or non-law Effect”?

Answer 12

A neuron is going to either fire in action potential or it’s not

Question 13

What’s the sending & receiving neuron?

Answer 13

Send= Pre synaptic neuron
Receive= post-synaptic neuron

Question 14

What’s a “Synapse”?

Answer 14

The gap between the 2 Neurons/ where they meet

Question 15

What’s a “Synaptic Cleft/gap”?

Answer 15

the tiny area between the neurons, where the neurotransmitters are going to be dumped.

Question 16

What’s a “Neurotransmitter”?

Answer 16

the chemicals (messages) inside the neural impulses

Question 17

Exhibitory vs. Inhibitory

Answer 17

• Exhibitory= wants the next neuron to fire

- Inhibitory= don’t want the next neuron to fire.

Question 18

What’s a “terminal button”?

Answer 18

The end of an axon

Question 19

What’s “Reuptake”?

Answer 19

Process in which neurotransmitters are sucked back into the presynaptic neuron to be used again later on.

Question 20

Serotonin

Answer 20

Mood Neurotransmitter (sleep, happy, depression)

Question 21

Serotonin

Answer 21

Mood Neurotransmitter (sleep, happiness, depression)

Question 22

Dopamine
Too much Dopamine?
Too little dopamine?

Answer 22

Pleasure Neurotransmitter (movement, motivation)
Schizophrenia
Parkinson’s disease

Question 23

Acetylcholine

Answer 23

Learning Neurotransmitter (muscle action)

Question 24

Norepinephrine

Answer 24

Concentration Neurotransmitter (controls alertness/arousal)

Question 25

GABA

Answer 25

Calming neurotransmitter (temporary happiness, controlling anxiety)

Question 26

Adrenaline/epinephrine

Answer 26

Fight/Flight Neurotransmitter (stress/ exiting situation)

Question 27

Endorphins

Answer 27

Euphoria Neurotransmitter (natural feel-good, running, exercises)

Question 28

What are 2 types of drugs for neurotransmitters?

Answer 28

Agonist & Antagonist

Question 29

What’s an “Agonist”?

Answer 29

The drug that MIMICS a neurotransmitter

Question 30

What’s an “Antagonist”?

Answer 30

The drug that BLOCKS the neurotransmitter.

Question 31

What are the 2 types of Autonomic NS?

Answer 31

Sympathetic NS and Parasympathetic NS

Question 32

What’s a “Sympathetic NS”?

Answer 32

The fight/flight (adrenaline/epinephrine)

Question 33

What’s a “Parasympathetic NS”?

Answer 33

The calming of the NS

Question 34

What’s a “Reflex Arc”? Where does it go?

Answer 34

Messages that don’t reach the brain, rather go to the Spinal cord (muscles)

Question 35

What’s the “Endocrine System”?

Answer 35

Secretes hormones onto the bloodstream (hormones–>sexual thoughts)

Question 36

What’s “Hormones”?

Answer 36

chemical messengers that influences (food, sex, aggression)

Question 37

What’s “Adrenal Glands”?

Answer 37

the endocrine gland that secretes hormones (produces sex hormones and cortisol)

Question 38

What’s “Hypothalamus”?

Answer 38

controls the endocrine system, autonomic NS, and Eating

Question 39

What’s a “Pituitary Gland”?

Answer 39

controls the hormones (growth, metabolism)

Question 40

What’s “Primary Sex Characteristics”?

Answer 40

controls the reproduction (menstrual, ejaculation)

Question 41

What’s “Secondary Sex Characteristics”?

Answer 41

changes in the body that happens during puberty (breast size, hairs)